Continuum

The recent advance of numerical prediction methods in nearly all domains of materials science and engineering has established a new, exciting, interdisciplinary approach which is often referred to as “computational materials science”. It brings together elements from materials science, physics, computer science, mathematics, chemistry, and mechanical engineering. For instance, simulations in the field of materials physics concentrate on the investigation of lattice and defect dynamics at the atomic scale using molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods. Materials-related simulations in the field of mechanical engineering focus on large-scale construction problems, using finite element methods where the microstructure is incorporated by using averaging constitutive laws. In contrast to these examples, the classical domain of materials science can be seen in the investigation of lattice defects and their interactions at the mesoscale. Performing simulations on this particular scale is a great challenge, in that it must bridge enormous space and time scales and provide concepts to describe adequately complex many-body interaction phenomena. For this purpose a variety of new concepts has been developed which enables one to handle the interaction of many individual lattice defects in a more or less discrete manner at dimensions above the atomic scale and below the macroscopic scale. These so-called mesoscale simulation methods include deterministic and probabilistic cellular automata with global and local transformation rules, Ginzburg–Landau-type phase field kinetic methods, dislocation dynamics, polycrystal and non-linear crystal plasticity finite element models, geometrical and component models, topological network or vertex models, and multistate kinetic Potts-type Monte Carlo approaches. However, classical techniques such as molecular dynamics, Metropolis Monte Carlo, and conventional finite element simulations are also used extensively. Although an increasing body of excellent conference proceedings, monographs, and journals are available covering particular aspects of computational materials science, no comprehensive overview of that field exists (see General Reading). This contribution aims to fill that gap. It gives a review of modern approaches to the space- and time-discretized simulation of materials microstructures, together with the respective theoretical backgrounds, that currently prevail in materials science. Particular emphasis is placed on the fundamentals of space- and time-discretized simulations of materials microstructures at the mesoscale.

The Caldeira-Leggett Hamiltonian describes the interaction of a discrete harmonic oscillator with a continuous bath of harmonic oscillators. This system is a standard model of dissipation in macroscopic low temperature physics, and has applications to superconductors, quantum computing, and macroscopic quantum tunneling. The similarities between the Caldeira-Leggett model and the linearized Vlasov-Poisson equation are analyzed, and it is shown that the damping in the Caldeira-Leggett model is analogous to that of Landau damping in plasmas (Landau, 1946 [1]). An invertible linear transformation (Morrison and Pfirsch, 1992 [18]; Morrison, 2000 [19]) is presented that converts solutions of the Caldeira-Leggett model into solutions of the linearized Vlasov-Poisson system.

The objective of this review article is to provide a concise discussion of atomistic modeling efforts aimed at understanding the nanoscale behavior and the role of grain boundaries in plasticity of metallic polycrystalline materials. Atomistic simulations of grain boundary behavior during plastic deformation have focused mainly on three distinct configurations: (i) bicrystal models, (ii) columnar nanocrystalline models, and (iii) 3D nanocrystalline models. Bicrystal models facilitate the isolation of specific mechanisms that occur at the grain boundary during plastic deformation, whereas columnar and 3D nanocrystalline models allow for an evaluation of triple junctions and complex stress states characteristic of polycrystalline microstructures. Ultimately, both sets of calculations have merits and are necessary to determine the role of grain boundary structure on material properties. Future directions in grain boundary modeling are discussed, including studies focused on the role of...

Designing a multi-robot system provides numerous advantages for many applications such as low cost, multi-tasking and more efficient group work. However, the rigidity of the robots used in industrial and medical applications increases the probability of injury. Therefore, lots of research is done to increase the safety factor for robot-human interaction. As a result, either separation between the human and robot is suggested, or the force shutdown to the robot system is applied. These solutions might be useful for industrial applications, but it is not for medical applications as a direct interaction between the human and the machine is required. To overcome the rigidity problem, a soft robot arm is presented in this paper. Studying the structure and performance of a contraction pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) is illustrated, then useful strategies are used to implement a multi PMA continuum arm to increase the performance options for such types of the actuator. Moreover, twin arms ...

For fashion, which is connected so intimately to our bodies, senses, emotions, and memories, value is more than a matter of cost. In order to illustrate the true value of fashion ‘radical transparency’ is framed as a tool through which brands can counter supply chain opacity and tell stories about the production of their garments. However, models of transparency often conceal more than they reveal. This article unpacks the concept of ‘radical transparency’ by exploring the differing approaches taken by three fashion brands: two large international brands and one boutique Australian label. It asks: how might radical transparency contribute to rethinking fashion value? By critically analysing the capacity for fashion businesses to communicate complex details of their supply chains to consumers who may suggest they want such information yet are also frequently overwhelmed by it, this article demonstrates the potential as well as the limits of transparency. It argues that while the degree to which models of transparency are ‘radical’ varies significantly, such methods of disclosure nevertheless introduce an important sense of openness to an industry otherwise defined by dislocated and difficult to trace modes of production.

The introduction maps the emerging field of critical fashion studies, whereby the ‘critical’ in this context marks the networks of influence and overlap between Cultural Studies and Fashion Studies. It brings together Cultural Studies’ long-established interest in social and economic inequality, consumer habits, mediated experience and everyday tastes as well as a more recent focus on environmentalism and the Asia-Pacific region, with fashion studies’ interest in aesthetics and design, clothing and the body, sustainability and curatorial and business practices, to understand the new theoretical and real-world problems facing the future of fashion. While fashion studies emerged out of a rich sociological and philosophical tradition that positioned clothing and fashion at the core of our social processes and indeed central to the sensibility of the modern self, critical fashion studies turns to the newly emerging material, political, and environmental ontologies of fashion production and consumption in order to map some of the possible futures emerging from fashion as a critical and practical enterprise in an age of increasing social and environmental precarity.

The premise of this chapter is the correspondence between ontology and linguistics, such as was argued by Trendelenburg and Benveniste. Its basic thesis is that Aristotle’s ontology is a haptic ontology which was significantly upgraded by the phenomenological work of Franz Brentano. The first part of the chapter is dedicated to Aristotle’s account of the sense of touch in De Anima, where it seems that touch has a certain privilege among all senses insofar as all senses operate by way of touching (affecting, moving). The second part focuses on the account of movement and change in Physics, and especially to Aristotle’s efforts to explain them without having to introduce void. In the third part, the chapter enters the domain of Aristotle’s ontology proper and discusses its abhorrence of the void as the claim that all being is continuous. The fourth and final part of the chapter discusses the work of Franz Brentano and focuses on his introduction of the concept of plerosis, through which he attempted to explain non-continuous boundaries of a continuum (points, lines, or planes) as belonging to the continuum itself and even exhibiting the properties of the continuum. The chapter concludes by arguing that the Brentanian version of the ontology of touch is useful for the project of haptolinguistics.

In their introduction to this issue, Christopher Hight and Chris Perry define the idea of collective intelligence in its relationship to design practice and to broader technological and social formations. First they suggest a reformulation of practices around networked communication infrastructures as conduits for the new orchestrations of power that Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt detailed in their books Empire and Multitude. They then describe how such practices are often involved in the development of responsive sensing environments as new sites for manifesting the social organisations and communities made possible via telecommunications and the Internet. Lastly, they address how traditional boundaries of design disciplines and knowledge, from architecture to programming, are opening into complex co-minglings of their respective isolated ‘intelligences’ into collectives capable of engaging these new sites, new briefs and new sorts of projects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This industry dialogue, facilitated by Harriette Richards, co-founder of the Critical Fashion Studies research group at the University of Melbourne, is an edited version of an industry panel discussion that took place during the International Critical Fashion Studies conference at the University of Melbourne in February 2020. The panellists, Yatu Widders Hunt, Courtney Holm and Teslin Doud, were asked to reflect on how they approach cultural and material sustainability, think about ethics and responsibility, and navigate the complexity of the often competing or contradictory demands inherent in attempting to run profitable, sustainable businesses whilst remaining true to ethical convictions and commitments to Country and community. In addition to the original conversation, this dialogue also includes reflections from the panellists on how the global Covid-19 pandemic affected their lives and work and how they are sustaining hope in the face of crisis. We would like to acknowledge that this conversation occurred on the unceded lands of the Wurundjeri people of the Kulin Nation and we would like to extend our respects to Wurundjeri Elders past and present. In sharing this event, we hope to continue the tradition of gathering together for the purposes of renewal, knowledge-sharing and celebration.

How is it possible to undertake an academic inquiry into a movement whose credo is 'make no judgements, make no comparisons and delete your need to understand'?(www. yoni. com/bcarellas/int1. html). How is it possible to discuss 'sexual energy'in terms which do not question the existence of that which cannot be seen? How much harder is it when one has already experienced the 'look-ma-no-hands' Breath and Energy Orgasm, and participated in Sacred Sex workshops? If cultural studies has not addressed self-help and self- ...

En Paradojas, Paradojas y más Paradojas se analiza de modo claro y preciso un problema fundamental: ¿Qué es una paradoja y cuál es su importancia en la filosofía contemporánea? El libro pone al alcance del lector no especializado una selección de las paradojas más conocidas e inquietantes, y realiza un análisis y discusión que permite que el lector pueda tener una comprensión profunda de ellas y de las alternativas que surgen frente a ellas. Las paradojas son un fenómeno multidisciplinario: la verdad, la racionalidad, el conocimiento, la justificaciónn y el infinito son algunos de los conceptos que en diferentes campos del saber han sido afectados por ellas.

Historically, sexuality had been considered a fundamental, biologically determined characteristic of humans. Lately, better protection of human rights and recognition of non-traditional relationships have been leading to acceptance towards gay, transgendered and bisexual people. Nonetheless, little advancement has been made into fully understanding the intricacies of human sexuality and recent research has found that sexuality may not be fixed after all; instead, it appears to be more variable and fluid. This integrative review on sexual fluidity has drawn four discussed themes: Sexuality as a Continuum, Sexual Fluidity of Women, Sexual Agency and Hetero/Homosexuality Binary of Men. Several questions call for more research into understanding sexual fluidity across the lifespan and the development of initiatives to help individuals to both understand and accept this trait. Furthermore, advocacy is needed to ensure equal rights and freedoms without discrimination, both socially and economically.

This text is closely related to my activities in research on musical-creation — not necessarily composition — and on the continuum, as well as my experience teaching at CEMAMu between 1980 and 1998, where from 2000 to 2001 I was invited as director to lead research aimed at creating a new model for the UPIC system.

Peirce's mathematics and synechism

CONTENIDO

CATHERINE LEGG. Grasping Mathematical Reality

GIOVANNI MADDALENA. “Attraper le geste et pouvoir continuer.” For a New Kind of Mathematical Constructivism

JEFFREY DOWNARD. On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Bases of Discrete Systems of Mathematics: Drawing on Peirce’s Phenomenology

JÉRÔME HAVENEL. Peirce’s Meditations on Continuity: from Transitivity to Topology

MATTHEW MOORE. Peirce’s Prepunctual Continuum

FRANCISCO VARGAS. Modelos y variaciones sobre las ideas peirceanas del continuo

ARNOLD OOSTRA. Peirce y la completitud proposicional

GUSTAVO ARENGAS. Un modelo matemático para la máxima pragmática

Brentano’s theory of continuity is based on his account of boundaries. The core idea of the theory is that boundaries and coincidences thereof belong to the essence of continua. Brentano is confident that he developed a full-fledged, boundary-based, theory of continuity ; and scholars often concur: whether or not they accept Brentano’s take on continua they consider it a clear contender. My impression, on the contrary, is that, although it is infused with invaluable insights, several aspects of Brentano’s account of continuity remain inchoate. To be clear, the theory of boundaries on which it relies, as well as the account of ontological dependence that Brentano develops alongside his theory of boundaries, constitute splendid achievements. However, the passage from the theory of boundaries to the account of continuity is rather sketchy. This paper pinpoints some chief problems raised by this transition, and proposes some solutions to them which, if not always faithful to the letter of Brentano’s account of continua, are I believe faithful to its spirit.
§1 presents Brentano’s critique of the mathematical account of the continuous. §2 introduces Brentano’s positive account of continua. §3 raises three worries about Brentano’s account of continuity. §4 proposes a Neo-Brentanian approach to continua that handles these worries.