Recent years have witnessed a proliferation of research on close relationships and the emergence of a new relationship subdiscipline within the social sciences. To date, the new science of relationships has been dominated by data. This... more
Recent years have witnessed a proliferation of research on close relationships and the emergence of a new relationship subdiscipline within the social sciences. To date, the new science of relationships has been dominated by data. This article is based on the conviction that progress now hinges on the development of theory to organize and interpret extant findings and to guide future investigations. Through a selective but extensive review of the major bodies of empirical literature, we attempt to show that attachment theory can incorporate a broad range of findings on adult relationships. In addition, attachment theory addresses an impressive array of research questions concerning the functions, emotional dynamics, evolutionary origins, and developmental pathways of human affectional bonds. We conclude that a comprehensive theory of close relationships is both desirable and, with the integration of existing theories and concepts, currently achievable.
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... The social self: Group influences on personal identity. Post a Comment. CONTRIBUTORS: Author: Babad, Elisha Y. Author: Birnbaum, Max. Author: Benne, Kenneth D. (b. 1908, d. ----. PUBLISHER: Sage Publications (Beverly Hills). SERIES... more
... The social self: Group influences on personal identity. Post a Comment. CONTRIBUTORS: Author: Babad, Elisha Y. Author: Birnbaum, Max. Author: Benne, Kenneth D. (b. 1908, d. ----. PUBLISHER: Sage Publications (Beverly Hills). SERIES TITLE: YEAR: 1983. ...
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APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
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Studies of adult attachment indicate that intimacy avoidance is associated with general negative emotionality and withdrawal from potentially positive aspects of social relations. Such emotional negativity and withdrawal motivation have... more
Studies of adult attachment indicate that intimacy avoidance is associated with general negative emotionality and withdrawal from potentially positive aspects of social relations. Such emotional negativity and withdrawal motivation have been connected in psychophysiological studies with the right frontal lobe of the brain, whereas the left frontal lobe specialises in emotional positivity and approach behaviour. In the present study we used a divided visual field task to investigate hemispheric asymmetries in making decisions about the positivity or negativity of attachment‐ and emotion‐related words, as well as various kinds of control words. We found that more avoidant individuals made more errors when judging positive attachment‐related words presented to the right hemisphere. The findings are discussed in terms of possible effects of attachment history on the way attachment‐related information is processed in the brain.
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Nonverbal behavior and sensitivity to a relationship partner's nonver- bal behavior importantly influence the quality of interpersonal interactions and relationships, including attachment relationships. The... more
Nonverbal behavior and sensitivity to a relationship partner's nonver- bal behavior importantly influence the quality of interpersonal interactions and relationships, including attachment relationships. The abilities to encode, or express, and to decode, or understand, nonverbal cues are crucial to effective communica- tion of emotions and are associated with social adjustment and relationship satis- faction. One important social context for the
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Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Personality, Mental Health, Social Interaction, and 21 moreVulnerability, Israel, Anxiety, Congenital Heart Defects, Prospective studies, Humans, Female, Male, Infant, Mothers, Newborn Infant, Risk Factor, Self Concept, Questionnaires, Longitudinal Studies, Adult, Self Image, Maternal Behavior, ANXIETY, Object Attachment, and Nino
Abstract 1. evaluate the utility of [Bowlby's] attachment-theoretical framework for understanding personality and personality development across the life course/[review] the literature on (1) the attachment behavioral system;(2) the... more
Abstract 1. evaluate the utility of [Bowlby's] attachment-theoretical framework for understanding personality and personality development across the life course/[review] the literature on (1) the attachment behavioral system;(2) the role of early experiences with ...
The measurement of adult attachment patterns got off to a rousing start in the 1980s. George, Kaplan, and Main (1985) created the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) to assess “current state of mind with respect to attachment,” and Main and... more
The measurement of adult attachment patterns got off to a rousing start in the 1980s. George, Kaplan, and Main (1985) created the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) to assess “current state of mind with respect to attachment,” and Main and her colleagues (eg, Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985) demonstrated that a parent's AAI classification (secure/autonomous, preoccupied, dismissing, or unresolved) predicted the quality of attachment shown by a child to that particular parent.(See Hesse, 1999, for a ...
Research Interests: Languages, Sociology, Social Psychology, Communication, Plasticity, and 104 moreCollective Intelligence, Glocalization, Coping Strategies, Depression, Mate Choice, Mediation, Nonverbal Communication, Autonomy, Health, Attachment Theory, Relationships, Social Groups, Equity, Investments, Self, Distress, Accommodation, Power, Social Control, Process, Dynamics, Li, FISH, ROOT, Organizations, Land, Rice, Coping, Openness, Sex ratio, Attachment, Social interactions, Dating, Green, White, Permanent Magnets, Cross cultural studies, Weak Ties, Self Disclosure, Stepfamilies, Procedural Knowledge, Declarative Knowledge, Feelings, Morgan, Similarity, Rom, Vigilance, Coping strategy, Income, Technological Determinism, Dissolution, Decoupling, Cognitive processes, Support, Parallel, Schemas, South, Diamond, Endogamy, Bonds, Immune system, Questionnaires, Attachment Styles, Social Exchange, Dijkstra, Hart, Self Presentation, Trajectories, Daily Activities, Nuclear Families, Availability, Companionship, Proximity, Continuum, Hill, Attributions, Variables, Stressors, Gray, Schemata, Social Ties, Significant Others, Cross Sectional Surveys, S, H, M, P, E, C, Fields, U, N, R, Internet, L, G, T, J, A, Y, Q, Gross, Environments, and Rust
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... an adolescent or adult falls in love, we would argue, similar positive emotional effects are seen ... They often assert their own feelings and needs without adequate regard for their romantic partner ... In summary, what begins with... more
... an adolescent or adult falls in love, we would argue, similar positive emotional effects are seen ... They often assert their own feelings and needs without adequate regard for their romantic partner ... In summary, what begins with attempts to keep track of and hold onto an unreliable ...
... Login to save citations to My List. Citation. Database: PsycINFO. [Chapter]. Transition to college: Network changes, social skills, and loneliness. Understanding personal relationships: An interdisciplinary approach. Shaver, Phillip ...
ABSTRACT
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According to attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969/1982, 1973, 1980), a person's self-concept (model of self) and ability to regulate emotions (affect regulation) are products of attachment relationships, beginning with those... more
According to attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969/1982, 1973, 1980), a person's self-concept (model of self) and ability to regulate emotions (affect regulation) are products of attachment relationships, beginning with those formed in infancy and continuing with new ones established throughout life. Psychoanalytic theorists have characterized the process of selfconstruction and acquisition of affect-regulation strategies using terms such as “identification,”“introjection,” and “transmuting internalization”(eg, Blatt & Behrends, 1987; ...
... authors' own orientation grows out of research experiences in 2 topic areashuman emotions and attachment processesthey are especially interested in the ways in which bereavement theories dovetail or diverge from contemporary... more
... authors' own orientation grows out of research experiences in 2 topic areashuman emotions and attachment processesthey are especially interested in the ways in which bereavement theories dovetail or diverge from contemporary emotion theory and attachment theory. ...
Abstract 1. As suggested by R. Weiss (1973; see also PA, Vol 75: 26577), attachment theory (J. Bowlby; 1969, 1973, 1980) is seen as a useful framework for integrating research findings concerning both loneliness (especially chronic or... more
Abstract 1. As suggested by R. Weiss (1973; see also PA, Vol 75: 26577), attachment theory (J. Bowlby; 1969, 1973, 1980) is seen as a useful framework for integrating research findings concerning both loneliness (especially chronic or trait loneliness) and romantic ...
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56 JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY among all three principles (Schwinger, 1980; see Tornblom & Foa, 1983, for exceptions). It is obvious that although one distribution principle may be the most preferred when equity and... more
56 JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY among all three principles (Schwinger, 1980; see Tornblom & Foa, 1983, for exceptions). It is obvious that although one distribution principle may be the most preferred when equity and equality are the only ...
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Abstract 1. skill theory of emotional development proposed here is an integration of a theory of the development of cognitive skills... and a composite of recent theories about the organization and function of emotions skill approach to... more
Abstract 1. skill theory of emotional development proposed here is an integration of a theory of the development of cognitive skills... and a composite of recent theories about the organization and function of emotions skill approach to the development of emotions ...
This book is the second volume in a series of handbooks which discuss attitude and personality measures. The focus of this volume is on political attitude and behavior scales (i.e., series of items with homogeneous content), scales that... more
This book is the second volume in a series of handbooks which discuss attitude and personality measures. The focus of this volume is on political attitude and behavior scales (i.e., series of items with homogeneous content), scales that are useful in survey research settings as well as in laboratory situations. The volume is divided into three sections: the first methodological, the second attitudinal, and the third more behavioral, including not only political activity but also political information, political salience, and party affiliation. The aim of this volume is to provide a comprehensive guide to the political attitude and behavior scales currently available so as to make the job of the researcher looking for appropriate measurement instruments somewhat easier. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The X-ray galaxy cluster sample from the REFLEX Cluster Survey, which covers the X-ray brightest galaxy clusters detected in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey in the southern sky, is used to construct the X-ray luminosity function of clusters in... more
The X-ray galaxy cluster sample from the REFLEX Cluster Survey, which covers the X-ray brightest galaxy clusters detected in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey in the southern sky, is used to construct the X-ray luminosity function of clusters in the local Universe. With 452 clusters detected above an X-ray flux-limit of 3 10^(-12) erg s^(-1) cm^(-2) in 4.24 sr of the
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Five studies were conducted to develop a short form of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire with optimal psychometric properties. Study 1 involved Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses of the responses of 2,066 adults,... more
Five studies were conducted to develop a short form of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire with optimal psychometric properties. Study 1 involved Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses of the responses of 2,066 adults, resulting in a 12-item form of the ECR containing the most discriminating items. The psychometric properties of the ECR-12 were further demonstrated in two longitudinal studies of community samples of couples (Studies 2 and 3), in a sample of individuals in same-sex relationships (Study 4), and with couples seeking therapy (Study 5). The psychometric properties of the ECR-12 are as good as those of the original ECR and superior to those of an existing short form. The ECR-12 can confidently be used by researchers and mental health practitioners when a short measure of attachment anxiety and avoidance is required.
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Religion can foster, facilitate, and be used to justify child maltreatment. Yet religion-related child abuse and neglect have received little attention from social scientists. We examined 249 cases of religion-related child maltreatment... more
Religion can foster, facilitate, and be used to justify child maltreatment. Yet religion-related child abuse and neglect have received little attention from social scientists. We examined 249 cases of religion-related child maltreatment reported to social service agencies, police departments, and prosecutors' offices nationwide. We focused on cases involving maltreatment perpetrated by persons with religious authority, such as ministers and priests; the withholding of medical care for religious reasons; and abusive attempts to rid a child of supposed evil. By providing a descriptive statistical profile of the major features of these cases, we illustrate how these varieties of religion-related child maltreatment occur, who the victims and perpetrators are, and how religion-related child abuse and neglect are reported and processed by the social service and criminal justice systems. We end with a call for greater research attention to these important offenses against children.
Research Interests: Psychology and Law
Emotional display rules are cultural norms that dictate the management and modification of emotional disclosure depending on social circumstances. They are associated to cultural syndromes. We propose that display rules are also affected... more
Emotional display rules are cultural norms that dictate the management and modification of emotional disclosure depending on social circumstances. They are associated to cultural syndromes. We propose that display rules are also affected by attachment sense of security. Online questionnaires were administered to college students in both México and the United States, finding that attachment anxiety and avoidance constrain the expression of positive emotions toward in-groups members, whereas collectivism encourages emotional expression. Moreover, attachment-related avoidance and collectivism are associated with constrained expression of negative emotions toward in-group members, whereas individualism encourages their expression. The results suggest that attachment anxiety and avoidance affect emotional displays toward in-group members.
The dynamics of psychological processes, as they unfold within individuals over time, are fundamental to understanding behavioral, emotional, and cognitive development. The incorporation of multiple methods of measurement and... more
The dynamics of psychological processes, as they unfold within individuals over time, are fundamental to understanding behavioral, emotional, and cognitive development. The incorporation of multiple methods of measurement and observational time scales can greatly enhance knowledge of these dynamics. However, as researchers examine increasingly complex facets of psychological change, there is greater need for awareness of the potential bias introduced by data aggregation during analysis. These considerations inform analyses of data from the Shamatha Project, a longitudinal study of the psycho-physiological effects of intensive meditation practice. Sixty participants recorded daily changes in attentional stability and vividness across a three month meditation training retreat. They also completed a laboratory measure of sustained attention at pre-, mid-, and post-retreat. Intraindividual coherence in the self-report measures of attention across the 3-month training period is evaluated...
Objective: Cognitive perseverations that include worry and rumination over past or future events may prolong cortisol release, which in turn may contribute to predisease pathways and adversely affect physical health. Meditation training... more
Objective: Cognitive perseverations that include worry and rumination over past or future events may prolong cortisol release, which in turn may contribute to predisease pathways and adversely affect physical health. Meditation training may increase self-reported mindfulness, which has been linked to reductions in cognitive perseverations. However, there are no reports that directly link self-reported mindfulness and resting cortisol output. Here, the authors investigate this link. Methods: In an observational study, we measured self-reported mindfulness and p.m. cortisol near the beginning and end of a 3-month meditation retreat (N = 57). Results: Mindfulness increased from pre- to post-retreat, F(1, 56) = 36.20, p < .001. Cortisol did not significantly change. However, mindfulness was inversely related to p.m. cortisol at pre-retreat, r(53) = -.31, p < .05, and post-retreat, r(53) = -.30, p < .05, controlling for age and body mass index. Pre to postchange in mindfulness w...