Social Control

The central focus of this paper is the notion that the home can provide a locale in which people can work at attaining a sense of ontological security in a world that at times is experienced as threatening and uncontrollable. The paper builds on and develops the ideas of Giddens and Saunders on ontological security and seeks to break down and operationalise the concept and explore it through a set of empirical data drawn from interviews with a group of older New Zealand home owners. The extent to which home and home life meets the conditions for the maintenance of ontological security is assessed through an exploration of home as the site of constancy in the social and material environment; home as a spatial context in which the day to day routines of human existence are performed; home as a site free from the surveillance that is part of the contemporary world which allows for a sense of control that is missing in other locales; and home as a secure base around which identities are...

There are many histories of the police as a law-enforcement institution, but no genealogy of the police as a form of power. This book provides a genealogy of the modern police by tracing the evolution of ‘police science’ and of police institutions in Europe, from the ancien régime to the early 19th century. Drawing on the theoretical path outlined by Michel Foucault at the crossroads between historical sociology, critical legal theory and critical criminology, it shows how the development of police power was an integral part of the birth of the modern state’s governmental rationalities and how police institutions were conceived as political technologies for the government and social disciplining of populations. Understanding modern police not as an institution at the service of the judiciary and the law, but as a complex political technology for governing the economic and social processes typical of modern capitalist societies, this book shows how the police have played an active role in actually shaping order, rather than merely preserving it.

The essay deals with the judicial activity of a criminal court of the Regno Lombardo-Veneto in the firs half of nineteenth century. It is particularly analysed the legal reasoning of the judges in front of crimes which were submitted to their jurisdiction. Their discussions were about the codex foresight, but also of clues and evidences.

People abused by angry discipline as children, may tend to abuse or overly punish other people or themselves for perceived wrongs in their adult life. In some individuals, aggressive personality traits may be genetically inherited. The aggressive personality may feel weakened by having guidelines or boundaries for anger. Anger is a normal human emotion, and these guidelines can help express anger in a healthy way.

Se ha abierto el debate sobre la violencia policial. Una cuestión que hasta hace poco solo parecía preocupar a los grupos más militantes, ahora recorre al conjunto de la sociedad en países como Francia o Estados Unidos. La misión de las fuerzas del orden, requeridas con demasiada frecuencia para reprimir, con notable brutalidad, movimientos sociales, se confunde con la de una guardia pretoriana del poder. Como resultado, su popularidad se ha resentido.

Innovation of communication technology, especially social media offer an interactive platform for young people to participate in political activities. Lack of informal social control reported by social scientists has a significant influence on low integrity political activities such as flashing provocation, joining the street demonstration, spreading fake news, defamation, and slanders with intentionally to create damage on certain political parties. This study aims to examine the factors that determine the integrity of political participation among young people using a theoretical model based on the Informal Social Control Theory. Data relating to the constructs were collected from 388 respondents in Malaysia and subjected to Structural Equation Modelling analysis. The proposed model fits the data well. Results indicate that the important determinant of the young people's political participation integrity is involvement. The rest three dimensions namely attachment, belief, and commitment are insignificant influences on the young people's political participation integrity. Perhaps with literacy skills able to shape young people with integrity in political participation on social media. Finally, implications and recommendations of these findings are discussed.

The medical profession has always a high degree of autonomy. However, the rapid growth of health care costs that has started in the second half of the last century, has forced governments to tighten the control over medical practice and introduce managers into medical organizations, and also to induce competitive forces in health care systems. However, there is no conclusive evidence that the juxtaposition of bureaucratic and market control mechanisms with the autonomy of the medical profession has led to cost reduction. These actions strengthened, however, the conflict between the role of a manager focused on cost control and the role of a doctor directed towards quality control. One of the key area where the control mechanisms have low efficacy, is treatment of patients with multi chronic conditions, as in this case, the coordination of the therapeutic process must include the alignment of actions of various specialties. At the organization level bureaucratic mechanisms of coordin...

This paper discusses the findings of research exploring the conduct of portfolio-based performance appraisal within medicine. Portfolios are now used throughout medical school and junior doctor training, in later specialist training, as well as to support the implementation of annual NHS appraisal of doctors as part of their employment contract. They will also play a role in the new medical governance quality assurance process known as revalidation, when it is implemented in 2010. The paper discusses how the growth of portfolio-based performance appraisal within medicine is bound up with the growth of managerial systems of surveillance and control within western health care systems. Theoretically, it draws upon a Governmentality perspective to analyse doctor's accounts of the appraisal process. This views appraisal as an information panopticon that to better enable social control seeks to construct appraisees as calculable and administrable subjects. However, the paper highlight...

Social interactions provide a set of incentives for regulating individual behavior. Chief among these is stigma, the status loss and discrimination that results from the display of stigmatized attributes or behaviors. The stigmatization of behavior is the enforcement mechanism behind social norms. This paper models the incentive effects of stigmatization in the context of undertaking criminal acts. Stigma is a flow cost of uncertain duration which varies negatively with the number of stigmatized individuals. Criminal opportunities arrive randomly and an equilibrium model describes the conditions under which each individual chooses the behavior that, if detected, is stigmatized. The comparative static analysis of stigma costs differs from that of conventional penalties. One surprising result with important policy implications is that stigma costs of long duration will lead to increased crime rates.

This article presents a bibliographic review of the main trends of thought that have proposed models for the management of common-pool resources – CPR. It describes three generations of researchers; first, the conservative ideas of Garret Hardin, Mancur Olson and Albert W. Tucker, referring to the application of state regulation and privatization of property rights as the only solutions for the management of common pool resources; second, the liberal proposal of Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues, which call for the strengthening of local capacities and self-management, to reach successful models of common pool resources use; and finally, as a research agenda of third generation, the article presents the questioning of Eduardo Araral to the generalization of the policy prescriptions proposed by both currents. The usefulness of these theoretical approaches is visible for regions like the Colombian Amazon, where collective (public and private) property rights prevail, and there is a current debate about the way as common pool resources should be administrated to guarantee the welfare of present and future generations. The analysis of these theoretical approaches is important, because it allows to improve the understanding of the dilemmas faced by local citizens and policy makers. In this sense, the comprehension of these approaches contributes to the regional debate about the models of natural resource management that should be adopted, in order to achieve their sustainable, efficient and equitable use.

In the following study, the authors examine factors that explain citizen participation in crime prevention activities in Boston. Using survey data from a random sample, census data, and official crime and arrest data, the authors identified a wide range of individual- and community-based indicators that could potentially explain citizen involvement in crime prevention. Findings revealed that citizen involvement in collective

Al rescatar ideas sociológicas para el campo de la cuestión criminal a partir de la sociología de la desviación (referencial teórico), el estudio analiza los desdoblamientos actuales de la criminología brasileña. A partir de la premisa de que se trata de un saber importado de países centrales y traducido a periféricos, es posible percibir que a pesar de la acumulación teórica producida en las últimas décadas, notablemente marcada por la solidificación de herramientas de análisis críticas a la criminología oficial, la teoría problematizadora parece haber estancado su “imaginación inventiva” al permanecer constantemente haciendo “crítica a la dogmática”, como si ese fuera su límite. Como se cree, este inmovilismo constituye una traición al compromiso de transformación social asumido por los intelectuales críticos, sobre todo cuando se percibe cierta incapacidad de enfrentamiento a problemas reales, como es el caso de la crisis estructural del sistema penal que se ha dado a partir del encarcelamiento masivo, de la violación sistemática de derechos humanos básicos, de los masacres directamente producidos por las agencias policiales y penitenciarios, de la selectividad de clase, de género y de raza etc. De esta forma, al analizar la noción de control social (objeto de investigación) se sostiene que la criminología necesita reanudar su potencial empírico (hipótesis), objetivándose, así, desvelar caminos posibles para la realización de su autocrítica y, en consecuencia, pensar críticamente las condiciones de posibilidad de un proyecto que sea capaz de concretizar vivencias no (o menos) violentas y punitivas en el seno social.

The present paper will investigate pardon letters or “lettres de rémission” granted to soldiers by the Valois dukes of Burgundy from 1386 to 1482. During this period, the chancery records contain 885 remission letters by which the prince granted his pardon to individuals who committed a crime and petitioned for mercy. This large amount of documents includes more than 15 percent of pardons granted to petitioners who served or had served the dukes in their armies. In the narrative parts of their letters, these soldiers insisted on their military pasts as a good reason to be pardoned. The purpose of this paper is to study the contents of these military pardons to underline how they contributed to shape a collective military identity in the Burgundian State. Following the works of Christopher Allmand, according to whom fifteenth-century leaders undertook to transform their soldiers into professional State agents, I will argue that military pardons were used by the dukes of Burgundy as a tool of social disciplining. Because they granted a large amount of pardons to their soldiers who affirmed their military identity in their petitions, the dukes promoted the military service as a motive to be forgiven. And because they only forgave simple homicides and refused to pardon typical war crimes such as pillage, rape, or even desertion, they indicated which kind of behaviour was worthy for the good Burgundian soldier, and which one was not.

Tulisan ini dibuat dalam rangka mengapresiasi peran media yang sedang berulang tahun ke-43, yakni Harian Pontianak Post yang jatuh pada hari Selasa, 2 Februari 2016. Sebagai awal dari pikiran ini, saya rujuk pendapat Alvin Toffler dalam buku Power Shift: Knowledge, Wealth and Violence at the Edge of the 21st Centuty (1990:17) yang mengatakan “barang siapa menguasai informasi maka ia akan menguasai dunia dengan mind (pikiran dan pengetahuan) dalam terra incognita (daerah tanpa batas yang belum terpetakan)”. Penguasaan informasi dimaksud hanya mungkin dilakukan melalui media. Mengapa demikian? Selain terjaring erat dengan pembaca, media juga memiliki peran besar dalam kehidupan masyarakat modern.

Extraits de l’argumentaire : « Les Journées d'études « Dans la boite noire des politiques de sécurité » organisées à l'université Paris 8 en juin 2016 ont mis à jour un certain nombre de points aveugles et de tensions dans la littérature scientifique et les études portant sur la « sécurité ». […] Afin de poursuivre ce travail amorcé lors de ces JE, nous proposons ainsi un cadre d'échange bienveillant aux jeunes chercheurs et chercheuses qui interrogent à partir de points de vue hétéroclites l'objet « sécurité ». […] Ce cadre d'échange prendra la forme d'un séminaire de travail ambitionnant de redéfinir cet objet dans ses contextes historiquement situés, contemporains, par ses usages indigènes, à partir des acteurs légitimes ou non à participer aux luttes de définition. Nous formulons ainsi l'hypothèse que l'étude de la transversalité du problème public sécuritaire dans les divers champs et espaces, professionnels, politiques, citoyens… qui le mobilisent nous permettra d'en saisir une redéfinition complexifiée. Ce travail réflexif, ancré dans l'empirie de nos travaux, nous permettrait donc de saisir les luttes de (re)définition, à travers les usages légitimes et ordinaires d'un objet souffrant tant de sa survisibilisation, de son instrumentalisation comme objet de communication politique que d’une dépolitisation voire d’une invisibilisation des rapports sociaux. »

Inter-disciplinaire et itinérant, ce séminaire ambitionne de réunir la nouvelle génération de chercheur.e.s en études de sécurité. Il est ouvert à tou.te.s, à condition d'accepter un principe de suivi régulier des séances, de mise en commun des travaux effectués et de bienveillance réciproque dans les échanges.
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There is an ongoing American policy debate about the appropriate legal status for psychoactive drugs. Prohibition, decriminalization, and legalization positions are all premised on assumptions about the behavioral effects of drug laws. What is actually known and not known about these effects is reviewed. Rational-choice models of legal compliance suggest that criminalization reduces use through restricted drug availability, increased drug

The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 1993 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 1993 Printed in the United States of America 020100999897 5432 ISBN (cloth): 0-226-75856-7 ISBN (paper): 0-226- ...

Abstract: Measures introduced to tackle anti-social behaviour have been described as crime control through the coming together of social housing management and policing. This suggests that a new form of social control is coming into effect. Taking Cohen's classic analysis of ...