Cybercultures

The essay that launched Afrofuturism. Introductory essay, in which the term is coined and theorized in depth, followed by interviews exploring the idea with leading African-American cultural theorists. From the collection FLAME WARS, edited by Mark Dery, 01/1994; Duke University Press., ISBN: 0822315408.

Atualmente, o deslumbramento tecnológico determinado pelos gigantes da tecnologia, com seus hardwares e softwares e com o discurso de aproximar pessoas, coloca o usuário na condição básica de uso, já que, por esse meio, há garantia de liberdade. A realidade, porém, é oposta. Quanto maior liberdade de escolha, mais controle tecnológico. Por esse viés, opera-se uma violência que passa despercebida por todos. O progresso tecnológico, aliado à inovação, possibilitou ao homem poder adequar-se aos novos recursos embutidos nos gadgets eletrônicos; uma ferramentaria sempre à mão. A premência no aprendizado é fator crucial de permanência nesse território em contínua atualização. Os utilizadores, que não conseguirem acompanhar esse progresso, tendem a ficar na marginalidade e, consequentemente, serem excluídos. As empresas
– cientes dessa condição – apressam-se em dispor no mercado produtos com novidades embutidas que provavelmente nunca serão usadas. Não por culpa delas, mas porque essa modalidade lhes permite acomodar-se e depositar todas as mazelas da vida em aparelhos que possam determinar e garantir seu futuro. Propicia ainda que elas abram mão de seu estado natural e compreendam como valor agregado dos dispositivos o fator segurança, mesmo que sejam vigiadas 24 horas por dia. Qual o limite dessa proposta de autonomia que, ao mesmo tempo em que oferece escolhas, pode esbarrar na liberdade já promovida muito anteriormente por diversos pensadores? Considerando que, quanto mais segurança e justiça asseguradas, menor será a taxa de liberdade. O fascínio promovido e o progresso estipulado/manipulado pelas grandes corporações impõem a sensação de proteção como fator preponderante para a existência e a manutenção da sedação nas pessoas. Com um mundo conturbado por especulações acerca de vigilância, poder e controle, fundamenta-se a pesquisa em autores que justificam a leitura e orientam para a reflexão mais aprofundada acerca do tema proposto. Diante disso, apesar de os usuários comuns exigirem a privacidade, os governos e as corporações violam essa condição para poder exercer o controle de perto. Entretanto, para a microesfera do poder, as informações devem ser cristalinas com o propósito de manter e sustentar a infovigilância sobre os corpos dos seres viventes.

This essay gives a situated introduction to body hacking, an underground surgical process that seeks to transform the body’s architecture, offering an ethnographic account of the affects that drive this corporeal intervention for performance artist Cheto Castellano, and later, for the author. A brief history of recent body modification movements is offered. Through these situated stories of corporeal transformation there is an exploration of Eva Hayward’s concept of transbecoming, exploring the perpetual change of the body in transition, particularly in relation to posthumanistic transformations. The article closes with a speculative cyborg feminist body modification project titled 10,000 Generations Later, which explores how a subdermal archive of silicone implants stored under the author’s skin may assist her in a posthumanist transbecoming after the death of her companions species toy poodle Luk Kahlo, and perhaps even in a distant future. The author argues that this project becomes an apparatus of mestizaje between speculative cyborg feminism and significant otherness.

First monograph linking ethics and conduct of cyber conflict, including for the first time a description of "state-sponsored hacktivism" as the preferred mode of cyber warfare.  Offers the first sustained critique of the Tallinn Manual on international law pertaining to cyber conflict.
Discusses the emergence of norms of responsible state behavior for nations engaged in cyber conflict, as well as a voluntary "code of ethics" for each nation's cyber warriors.

Wayne Vucinic Book Prize 2007, "for the most important contribution to Russian, Eurasian, and East European studies in any discipline of the humanities or social sciences." 

Endorsement by Slavoj Zizek:

"Alexei Yurchak's Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More immediately seduced me by its very title with a profound philosophical implication that eternity is a historical category--things can be eternal for some time. The same spirit of paradox runs through the entire book--it renders in wonderful details the gradual disintegration of the Soviet system from within its ideological and cultural space, making visible all the hypocrisy and misery of this process. I consider Yurchak's book by far the best work about the late epoch of the Soviet Union--it is not just history, but a pleasure to read, a true work of art." (Slavoj Zizek, author of In Defense of Lost Causes)

Abstract:

Soviet socialism was based on paradoxes that were revealed by the peculiar experience of its collapse. To the people who lived in that system the collapse seemed both completely unexpected and completely unsurprising. At the moment of collapse it suddenly became obvious that Soviet life had always seemed simultaneously eternal and stagnating, vigorous and ailing, bleak and full of promise. Although these characteristics may appear mutually exclusive, in fact they were mutually constitutive. This book explores the paradoxes of Soviet life during the period of "late socialism" (1960s-1980s) through the eyes of the last Soviet generation.

Organizacje sieciowe, organizacja -sieć czy też sieci organizacy jne stanow ią w ostatnim okresie szczególnie popularny obiekt badań. Często są także utożsamiane z organizacjami w ir-tualn\ mi. Elementami takiej sieci są relacje sieciowe tworzone przez partnerów, którzy dysponują określonymi kompetencjami oraz zaufanie i etyka. Organizacja, która dzieli i opty malizuje swój łańcuch wartości pomiędzy poszczególne samodzielne podmioty działające w kilku krajach staje się modelem zintegrowanej sieci.

Timely sharing of cyber security related information between organizations has long been perceived as an effective measure to address cyber security challenges. Even though information sharing is a cost-effective tool and a crucial step towards a more effective in combating cyber crime, it is not a magical solution for all of the problems for cyber security.

In June 2008 the search term ''Madeleine McCann'' generated around 3700 videos on YouTube, attracting over seven million text responses. This research project used generic analysis to allocate videos to categories according to their content. Using critical discourse analysis, the nature of the comments posted in response to the videos was then assessed. Both methods were deployed to explore three broad research questions. First, what kind of content were people uploading to YouTube in response to the case? Second, where did YouTube users position themselves in relation to the dominant discourses of the news media in this case? Third, previous work demonstrates evidence of ''collective expressiveness, emotionality, and identity'' (Greer, 2004) in virtual communities structured around cases of child murder in the United Kingdom: to what extent were these characteristics of imagined community evident in responses to videos? Results demonstrate that YouTube provides a forum for a broad range of responses to the case, both accommodating and expanding on dominant mainstream discourses. Evidence of distinct imagined communities forming around particular responses to the case demonstrate nuanced and complex patterns of responses to mediated crime through YouTube, as technology erodes the traditional boundaries between producers and consumers of crime news.

This paper is primarily concerned urith criminal activities in the publicly accessible areas of the Internet known as newsgroups. Findings are presented from a small scale exploratory study of two Internet newsgroups and a tentative model of the structure of these newsgroups is proposed. Members of both newsgroups disseminated information and products to those who might wish to commit crimes. One newsgroup focused upon hacking encrypted satellite television services and the other was a locksmithing group with members interested in picking locks and understanding more about safes and other security devices. The Internet is a particularly effective medium for criminal recruitment and the dissemination of criminal techniques. Whilst it is possible that it will bring an increase in crime and create new problems for those concerned with crime control and criminality prevention, it is too early to tell whether the Internet or high technology crime will cause major problems for law and order in the future. However, with the expansion of the Net, various NetCrimes may become high volume crimes. If this happens, existing approaches for dealing with and seeking to understand the reasons for high volume crime will have to be widened and new ones developed to meet the challenge of crimes facilitated by, or taking place in, a radically different environment.

Published as Lucio Fontana's Proto-Technologism at Hyperallergic http://hyperallergic.com/128374/lucio-fontanas-proto-technologism/ If you want to leave all imagery behind for a proto free fly into the immersive deep space of the virtual, Lucio Fontana is your quintessential man. "Lucio Fontana et ses lunettes spatiales" (1965) Photographie Lothar Wolleh © Dr.

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta inicialmente uma discussão teórica sobre
a vinculação entre celebridades e a personalidade narcisista. A partir disso, discute como as tecnologias da Web 2.0 transformam ou potencializam o desejo pela fama e a construção de reputações na rede. Finalmente, faz uma reflexão sobre a trajetória midiática de Tessália Serighelli, desde a criação de seu perfil no twitter (@twittess) até os esforços em manter sua fama em 2010, após ter participado do reality show Big Brother Brasil 10.
Palavras-chave: Fama. Celebridade. Narcisismo. Blog. Twitter.

Abstract This paper initially presents a theorical discussion about the linking between celebrities and the narcisist personality.From this, discusses how Web 2.0 technologies transform or potentiate the desire for fame and the building of reputations on the web. Finally, brings a reflection about the mediatic trajectory of Tessália Serighelli, since the profile creation on Twitter (@twitess) untill her efforts to mantain her fame in 2010, after participate of the reality show Big Brother Brazil 10.
Keywords: fame. Celebrity, Narcisism. Blog. Twitter.

This article is based on ethnographic work with two ‘‘crews’’ of young graffiti artists in southern Mexico
City. The crews share certain characteristics with gangs or urban tribes, but more with ‘‘communities of
practice’’: they live in the ‘‘figured world’’ of graffiti, a community of practice at the local and global level.
Through participation, including observation and the study of fanzines, group members learn the
language, technical and social skills, and values of this figured world. Their reasons to paint and the
topics they express are varied, but authentic expression is fundamental. Graffiti allows these young
people to establish an interesting interplay of identities in the world of graffiti versus their ordinary lives.

ABSTRACT The Hollywood film has become a force of cultural globalization and the image of women in popular Hollywood films may have an important impact on cultural ideas of gender, sexuality and the role of women in the public and private spheres. I examine the top box office films from the 1990s to the present and explore the characteristics women characters have in the film and look at the potential impact of that representation in the context of cultural globalization.

In this essay, I employ Elana Gomel’s concept of “impossible topologies” to analyze and compare three literary visions of how digital realities might in the future augment, as well as impede, the physical world we live in: From Liu Cixin’s 刘慈欣 use of virtual reality as world simulation in The Three Body Problem (san ti 三体, 2008), toTang Fei’s 糖匪 portrayal of an “ocean of data” as the source of all stories in “Call Girl” (huangse gushi 黄色故事, 2013), to Ma Boyong’s 马伯庸 Orwellian narrative “The City of Silence” (jijing zhi cheng 寂静之城, 2005),1 where all interpersonal communication is carried out soundlessly via strictly censored online forums. I use spatiotemporal concepts to analyze digital realities as alternative, parallel spacetimes that afford imaginary arenas for experimentation, escape, and control.

This article examines how involvement in high school journalism contributes to socialization into citizenship and, most crucially, to the development of a collective sensibility. Recent work by W Lance Bennett (2008), Zukin and his colleagues (2006), and Sara-Ellen Amster (2006) provides an interpretive lens for considering young people’s experiences with journalism and with citizenship. Interviews with 45 high school journalists from 19 different schools are analyzed, highlighting emerging definitions of citizenship as reflected in how young people discuss their work as student journalists. The study suggests that participation in the culture of high school journalism can provide young people with opportunities to develop the skills and experiences necessary for civic engagement, including the experience of collective decision-making. This study also argues that some young people come to understand the costs of engaged citizenship after negative experiences with their school’s administration, as such experiences reveal differing understandings of the roles of authority, journalism, and collective responsibility within the high school community that its high school journalism is meant to serve.

Criminality in cyberspace has been the subject of much debate since the 1990s, yet comparatively little attention has been paid to technology-facilitated sexual violence and harassment (TFSV). The aim of this article is to explore the ways in which retraditionalized gender hierarchies and inequalities are manifested in online contexts, and to conceptualize the cause and effects of TFSV as "embodied harms." We argue that problematic mind/body and online/off-line dualisms result in a failure to grasp the unique nature of embodied harms, precluding an adequate understanding and theorization of TFSV.

NOTA: Este trabajó se publicó originalmente en inglés con el título “US Cult TV Series in the International Market: Considering the Reception of The X Files in Spain”, dentro del volumen editado por Marta Fernández Morales y José Igor Arranz Prieto, A Comparison of Popular TV in English and Spanish Speaking Societies: Soaps, Sci-Fi, Sitcoms, Adult Cartoons, and Cult Series (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2010; 107-135). La traducción al castellano es mía y cuenta con el permiso de la editorial.

O artigo a seguir utiliza da perspectiva de autores contemporâneos dos estudos culturais para
construir raciocínios a respeito dos processos de construção de identidade nos sujeitos, tanto em
meios online quanto offline. A partir dessa premissa, relaciona esse processo com a questão do
gênero e posteriormente do feminismo, para assim analisar o caso do coletivo “Se essa rua fosse
nossa”, comunidade iniciada no Facebook que promove a segurança das mulheres nas ruas de da
capital do Rio Grande do Sul.

Już pierwsze etnografie społeczności internetowych realizowały narracyjny model opowieści o osobistym doświadczeniu. Dziś to podejście nadal reprezentuje wielu badaczy cyberkultury, coraz częściej uprawiających autoetnografię metodologicznie świadomą i intencjonalnie wpisaną w korpus technik etnograficznych. Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę, historię i dorobek tak rozumianej autoetnografii Internetu – umocowanej teoretycznie i metodologicznie w tradycji jakościowych badań społecznych, poszukującej równowagi między emic i etic w narracyjnej warstwie tekstu etnograficznego i stawiającej w centrum swojego zainteresowania relację pomiędzy podmiotem a przedmiotem badania

The growth and development of cybersecurity jobs and careers have created a need for new skilled faculty that can effectively teach the appropriate content to students at all levels. Often instructors are hired based on their academic credentials and professional experience without the use of assessment and faculty development methods to discover if these instructors can teach effectively or even improve the way they teach. Effective instructors have the ability constructively adjust teaching approaches when students are excelling or struggling based on skillful observation and constant assessment. If a student learns something with great ease, perhaps that approach would be of benefit to others. Part of what helps novices develop expertise here is their explicit attempt to understand how and why something works for students. The implementation and use of microteaching can provide a quality improvement approach to help cybersecurity instructors on all levels improve their ability to...

Feminists media scholars have been confronted with the challenge of making out the meanings of a series of post-feminist texts and the ambiguities around what constitutes "sexist" discourses, in a context where some claim gender equality has been achieved (i.e.

El presente texto pretende ser una presentación de un área de trabajo en antropología al que podríamos denominar 'ciberantropología' o 'antropología del ciberespacio' de aún escasa trayectoria en lengua castellana, a pesar de su indudable interés socio-antropológico.

En él, se abordan diversas problemáticas teóricas y metodológicas al respecto de la 'ciberantropología'. Concretamente, y después de unas líneas introductorias, discutimos aspectos referentes al 'Objeto' y la definición de la 'antropología del ciberespacio'.
En un segundo bloque, se presentan algunas consideraciones referentes al método y las técnicas a utilizar en la práctica de la 'etnografía del ciberespacio'.

Avant le dernier « sprint final » pour remporter la prochaine présidentielle qui se gagnera en partie sur le Web, un grand vainqueur s'impose d'ores et déjà au coeur de la campagne électorale : l'usage immodéré des plateformes de Data Intelligence américaines par toutes les écuries politiques en lice.

In 2013, Indonesia topped China and was acknowledged as the country with the highest rate of cyber attack traffic, in which with its 1,6 percent share of world Internet users, Indonesia contribute 38 percent of the total cyber attack in the world. Furthermore, as one of large emerging economic countries, Indonesia will definitely more rely on the use of Internet in the future. However, the current cyber security and defense policy of Indonesia has not adequately addressed the current cyber threats, so that leave vulnerability to its cyber environment. This policy brief identifies five inadequate cyber aspects of the contemporary policy and therefore recommends that the policy should have a larger strategy that covers all cyber possibilities, yet provide more detail and measurable approach. This recommendation contributes to the Indonesian national security and defense goals, as well as building regional collaboration, thereby supporting global cyber security resilience.

Marek górka (red�), Cyberbezpieczeństwo dzieci i młodzieży. Realny i wirtualny problem polityki bezpieczeństwa, Wydawnictwo Difin, Warszawa 2017, ss. 350 Recenzowana monografia wieloautorska pod redakcją Marka Górki, uznanego eksperta w dziedzinie cyberbezpieczeństwa, to interesująca publikacja przeznaczona dla szerokiej rzeszy teoretyków, jak i praktyków w osobach nauczycieli, pedagogów oraz samych rodziców. Jak podkreśla sam redaktor, całościowa analiza zagrożeń związanych z funkcjonowaniem dzieci i młodzieży w cyberprzestrzeni, to problem obejmujący szereg dyscyplin naukowych. Należy podkreślić, iż Markowi Górce udało się nakłonić do współpracy blisko trzydziestu autorów, co w świetle powyższego, jak również w czasach spadku popularności prac zbiorowych należy uznać za spore osiągnięcie redaktora. Być może warto by nieco inaczej ułożyć prace poszczególnych autorów w ramach czterech rozdziałów, które składają się na książkę. Bez zwątpienia, najbardziej spójne tematycznie są rozdziały 3. i 4., najmniej zaś pierwszy. Z drugiej strony, prawem redaktora jest dokonać subiektywnego wyboru co do doboru i ułożenia tekstów w redagowanej przez niego publikacji, ponadto w tym wypadku nie można mu stawiać w tym względzie poważniejszych zarzutów. Należy podkreślić, iż struktura książki jest przejrzysta oraz bogata w treści odnoszące się do tematu całej pracy. Wybrana przez redaktora naukowego kolejność rozdziałów jest klarowna i logiczna, w kompleksowy sposób obejmując tym samym obszar badawczy zawarty zarówno w temacie książki, jak i we wstępie pracy. Poszczególni autorzy trafnie wykorzystują dorobek naukowy innych badaczy, dzięki czemu praca nabiera również cech syntezy naukowej dotychczasowego stanu badań. Ponadto, część z nich przeprowadziła szeroko zakrojone badania wśród dzieci, młodzieży oraz ich rodziców, co stanowi niewątpliwie kolejny walor recenzowanej pracy. Recenzent z czystym sumieniem może polecić pracę pod redakcją Marka Górki wszystkim rodzicom i nauczycielom, którzy chcieliby rozszerzyć swoją wiedzę na temat zagrożeń związanych z powszechnym dostępem do globalnej Sieci i tym samym uchronić przed nimi dzieci oraz młodzież. Recenzowana publikacja swoją obszernością oraz marką Wydawnictwa Difin sprawia słuszne wrażenie publika-

Abstract: This article discusses the processes involved in the construction of group membership and cohesion in a semiprofessional team of esports in the city of Belém, the capital of the state of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazonian territory. This effort discusses what characterizes the progression and union of a particular team in a local competitive scenario in which ephemeral teams predominate. Based on an eleven-month ethnography with a set of players engaged in professional competitive practice, and through observations from field research, we compiled a set of 12 essential characteristics filled out by the team. Also, this study points to the development of an ethos of professionalism in a peripheral context, indicating the existence of an Amazonian esports scenario – in the North Region of the Brazil, with emphasis in Belém, Pará. The results indicate the subsistence of a social fabric composed of a variety of other elements that, in turn, constitute an ethos of group camaraderie that plays a central role in the competitive dynamics that underlie the team as a group.

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SUMMARY
The ubiquitous use of digital technology in all aspects of daily life has opened up unprecedented possibilities such as immediate access to information, (tele)presence at any place on the planet, multiplication and modification of identity, as well as rearticulation and reconstruction of embodiment. In cyberpunk literature, new media art practices, cyber theories, SF films and comic books, and scientific research, there is often a tendency to leave the mortal physical body, behind in order to upload the immortal mind into the vast realm of the digital where one can be whatever or whomever s/he wants. In relation to modern technology,
the biological body is often regarded as obsolete for not being “equipped” to cope with the exponential speed of technological development. Hence, it is not surprising that many studies ignore the problem of embodiment by focusing more on the issues of identity, consciousness and disembodiment in digital worlds. Therefore, this book will attempt to highlight those theories that focus on embodiment in technologically mediated environments, thus reintegrating the physical body into discussions of new media phenomena and the ways they affect social reality today. In this book I will start from the hypothesis that without the physical body there is no virtual or real. The aim is to underline the significance of physical body in biotechnological interfaces, and to discuss and analyze the
ways in which the role of body and embodiment changes in ubiquitous virtual environments, as well as to map the ways in which technology alters bodily functions thus affecting ontological survival of humans as biological species.
The issues of constructing identities and identification processes will be observed through an anti-essentialist theoretical framework and mapped through two different but mutually intertwined phases in the evolution of global networks – Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 platforms. While Web 1.0 platforms were based on textual representations and identity play allowing us to become everything we are not
and can never be in the physical reality, Web 2.0 platforms that are specific to social networking delegate identities of physical reality in the virtual domain. However, presumed “real” identities manifest themselves as constructs in a virtual environment since they are based on a selective representation of an idealized self. Through feedback loops, this phenomenon further highlights the question of not only the quality of interpersonal relationships and communication, but also the way that we perceive and define ourselves in the physical environment. Dispersion
of boundaries between real and virtual, private and public, entails a fundamental question that this book will attempt to answer: What does it mean to be human in today’s world of digitalization when the explosion of digital imagery and interactions into the physical environment has so profoundly affected social, cultural and political activities, interventions and subversions, turning both the distinction between “real” and “virtual” spaces and dualistic ways of defining the self into rather obsolete concepts. Is anything at all “virtual” in cyberspace, i.e. can cyberspace be defined as virtual at all when, for example, because of an activity such as posting on Facebook, one can lose a job or has to let corporations dictate and define what is and what is not appropriate in the one’s digitally constructed identity? Nevertheless, we are still comforted by the illusion that our screen as an interface separates the real and the virtual, functioning as the boundary or line marking the end of real and the beginning of virtual. Everything situated on the other side of the screen, like a distorted mirror, allows us to rationalize and simplify the existence of the boundary between what defines us in physical reality and what we are as constructs in online interactions. However, what happens when the screen, that black mirror, breaks into pieces, thus enabling the body as interface to become responsible for the other Self or the digital alter ego? In this regard, special attention will be given to the concept of abandoning the screen and turning to the emerging new interfaces that rearticulate the relation between corporeality and virtuality. Gestural interfaces as a new “mouse” or a new touch screen without a screen will, coupled up with holographic projections that have already found their way into the physical public spaces, open up a multitude of far-reaching questions of psychosomatic nature: If, for example, we are present/telepresent to one another via holograms animated via corporeal gestures, would it mean the differentiation of degree of corporeality in terms of valuation and hierarchy of embodiment? How will we be able to determine what is more valuable, more present and real – projection or materiality of the body? And finally, will there be any difference at all between gesturally manipulated projection and the real body that is already deeply caught in the process of cyborgization? In William Gibson’s words, the future is already here - it is just not very evenly distributed.

Over the last 30 years or so, human beings have been delegating the work of culture – the sorting, classifying and hierarchizing of people, places, objects and ideas – increasingly to computational processes. Such a shift significantly alters how the category culture has long been practiced, experienced and understood, giving rise to what, following Alexander Galloway, I am calling ‘algorithmic culture’. The purpose of this essay is to trace some of the conceptual conditions out of which algorithmic culture has emerged and, in doing so, to offer a preliminary treatment on what it is. In the vein of Raymond Williams’ Keywords, I single out three terms whose bearing on the meaning of the word culture seems to have been unusually strong during the period in question: information, crowd and algorithm. My claim is that the offloading of cultural work onto computers, databases and other types of digital technologies has prompted a reshuffling of some of the words most closely associated with culture, giving rise to new senses of the term that may be experientially available but have yet to be well named, documented or recorded. This essay, though largely historical, concludes by connecting the dots critically to the present day. What is at stake in algorithmic culture is the gradual abandonment of culture’s publicness and the emergence of a strange new breed of elite culture purporting to be its opposite.

Among various cyber threats, a DDoS attack is one of the major Internet threats that can affect anyone and even cause tremendous financial damage to organization that uses cloud-based services, while the mitigation of this threat can be highly difficult considering the complex infrastructure that it uses to perform its malicious activities. For that purpose it’s important to think proactively rather than reactively when addressing the protection against this type of attacks. The overview of botnets and some of the countermeasures against this threat were discussed in this paper.

"This paper critically situates contemporary concerns with cyberspace and digital media within a cultural dimension. In doing this it sets the emerging new communication technologies alongside issues of cultural limits and boundaries.

The paper begins by undertaking ground clearing work about the nature of cyberspace and providing an analytical index of its position in relation to its imaginary or real status. It is argued that cyberspace is destined to attract two competing responses; first for being too true to life; and second for not being true enough. It is argued that these tensions are part of the cyberspatial embodiment of certain significant cultural aesthetics which are subsequently interwoven into the fabric of popular technoculture. This embodiment projects a number of competing claims and characterisations for the potential of digital
media through slogans of cyberspace.

The paper addresses how spatial metaphors, forms of technological enhancement, Utopian aesthetics, technoculture and posthuman philosophy are framed as 'frontier discourse'. The materialism of transhumanist and extroprian politics is examined from a phenomenological standpoint. These frontier projects posit a 'disclosing space' for digital media which offer a radical 'crossing over' from the human to nonhuman computer
mediated environment. By way of phenomenological analysis these new cultural politics are shown to be intimations of the real and an illusion of radical otherness which is chimerical and exemplary of unreflexive 'modes of becoming'."

"It is the contention of this paper that posthuman creativity is already taking place, rather than solely existing in the domain of a biomechanical cyberpunk dream. Manifesting work in both cyberspace and meatspace, the posthuman in this case understood to be someone who embraces digital creative technologies (both hardware and software), taking advantage of the artistic opportunities they afford.

The effects of Moore's law over the last two decades has led to a profuse amount of cheap and obsolete computer equipment, both open and closed system. These castaway gadgets have become an abundant raw material, sparking the burgeoning movement of creative hardware hackers.

The internet has enabled the creative subversion of technology, through the dissemination of new creative tools and techniques. Closed video games consoles are been repurposed into new expressive platforms and tools. Indeed, the retro video gaming movement has grown beyond the digital domain, bringing pixels to oil painting to and the new flesh to performance art.

The posthuman aesthetic conceived in science fiction and nurtured online is now very real and tangible."