В работе указывается на необходимость изучении предыстории Цифровой Земли, приводятся примеры предвосхищения географических продуктов со свойствами, явно отличающими их от карт и явно указывающими на свойства будущей Цифровой Земли.... more
В работе указывается на необходимость изучении предыстории Цифровой Земли, приводятся примеры предвосхищения географических продуктов со свойствами, явно отличающими их от карт и явно указывающими на свойства будущей Цифровой Земли. ++++++++ The paper points to the need to study the prehistory of the Digital Earth, provides examples of anticipating geographical products with properties that clearly distinguish them from maps and clearly indicate the properties of the future Digital Earth.
The work is of a discussion and review nature and is devoted to the comparative analysis of different approaches to the development of cartography in the modern period. ------------ Работа носит дискуссионный и обзорный характер и... more
The work is of a discussion and review nature and is devoted to the comparative analysis of different approaches to the development of cartography in the modern period. ------------ Работа носит дискуссионный и обзорный характер и посвящена сравнительному анализу различных подходов к развитию картографии в современный период.
Facility management departments' responsibilities include monitoring and maintenance of building infrastructure, such as water, gas or electricity. Very often these tasks are completed using paper maps, which make integrated analysis of... more
Facility management departments' responsibilities include monitoring and maintenance of building infrastructure, such as water, gas or electricity. Very often these tasks are completed using paper maps, which make integrated analysis of networks challenging. Ability to consider interior network structure and provide semantic and connectivity information supporting the required analysis operations are thus crucial.This paper presents an approach relying on Building Information Model (BIM) as a data source for obtaining information about interior utilities. The semantic and connectivity information of BIM is mapped onto a new model called Network for Interior Building Utilities (NIBU). NIBU is based on the semantic categorisation of utilities, and the spatial functions that have to be performed. Three scenarios (‘maintenance operation’, ‘emergency response’ and ‘inspection operation’) are developed to test the proposed approach.The model and its functions are implemented in spatial DBMS. The model is populated directly from a BIM server applying an Industrial Foundation Class (IFC) parser developed in-house. Five analysis functions are implemented to support spatial operations: trace upstream, trace downstream, find ancestors, find source and find disconnected. The investigation proves that BIM provides both the required semantics and attributes, and connectivity information that can facilitate analysis of interior utility networks. NIBU provides a simple yet flexible way to manage interior network information, which can be integrated into Digital Earth.
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth 9(12), 2016. This article discusses the use of 3D technologies in digital earth applications (DEAs) to study complex sites. These are large areas containing objects with heterogeneous... more
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth 9(12), 2016.
This article discusses the use of 3D technologies in digital earth applications (DEAs) to study complex sites. These are large areas containing objects with heterogeneous shapes and semantic information. The study proposes that DEAs should be modular, have multi-tier architectures, and be developed as Free and Open Source Software if possible. In DEAs requiring high reliability in the 3D measurements, point clouds are proposed as basis for the 3D Digital digital earth representation. For the development of DEAs, we propose to follow a workflow with four components: data acquisition and processing, data management, data analysis and data visualization. For every component, technological challenges of using 3D technologies are identified and solutions applied for a case study are presented. The case study is a modular 3D DEA developed for the archaeological project Mapping the Via Appia. The 3D DEA allows archaeologists to virtually analyze a complex study area.
The Muthirapuzha watershed (MW) is one among the major tributaries of Periyar – the longest west flowing river in Kerala, India. A morphometric analysis was carried out to determine the spatial variations in the drainage characteristics... more
The Muthirapuzha watershed (MW) is one among the major tributaries of Periyar – the longest west flowing river in Kerala, India. A morphometric analysis was carried out to determine the spatial variations in the drainage characteristics of MW and its 14 fourth order sub-watersheds (SW1–SW14) using Survey of India topographic maps and Landsat ETM+ imagery. The study revealed that the watershed includes a sixth order stream and lower order streams dominate the basin. Results did indicate that rainfall has a significant role in the drainage development whereas structure and relief of rocks dictate the drainage pattern. The asymmetry in the drainage distribution is correlated with the tectonic history of the Munnar plateau in the late Paleocene age. The watershed is moderate to well-drained and exhibited a geomorphic maturity in its physiographic development. The shape parameters revealed the elongated nature of MW and drainage network development in the watershed. Further, the analysis provided significant insight into the terrain characteristics. This study strongly brings to light, (a) the tendency of the watershed to soil loss and (b) the hydrological makeup of the sub-watersheds, which combined helped to formulate a comprehensive watershed management plan.
В работе даётся краткий обзор научных результатов, достигнутых при разработке концепции «Цифровой Земли» (Digital Earth) как нового метода геопространственной визуализации. Рассматриваются проблемы создания типологии визуализации и... more
В работе даётся краткий обзор научных результатов, достигнутых при разработке концепции «Цифровой Земли» (Digital Earth) как нового метода геопространственной визуализации. Рассматриваются проблемы создания типологии визуализации и влияние этой концепции на семиотику. Описывается ход встраивания концепции в системы управления национального и континентального уровней в качестве среды поддержки принятия решений. ===== In the article the brief review of scientific results achieved at the developing of Digital Earth concept as new approach for geospatial visualization is provided. Impacts of this concept on semiotics and the problem of visualization's typology are assessed. Process of embedding the concept in the management systems of the national and continental levels as an environment for decision support, is considered.
Decades before the term “sustainability” entered the cultural lexicon, R. Buckminster Fuller sought to illuminate the interconnected challenges facing humanity. During the 1930s, he began charting long-term trends relevant to... more
Decades before the term “sustainability” entered the cultural lexicon, R. Buckminster Fuller sought to illuminate the interconnected challenges facing humanity. During the 1930s, he began charting long-term trends relevant to industrialization and globalization. This seminal work demonstrated the value of visualizing the relationship between world resources and human needs.
This study compares the spectral sensitivity of remotely sensed satellite images, used for the detection of archaeological remains. This comparison was based on the relative spectral response (RSR) Filters of each sensor. Spectral... more
This study compares the spectral sensitivity of remotely sensed satellite images, used for the detection of archaeological remains. This comparison was based on the relative spectral response (RSR) Filters of each sensor. Spectral signatures profiles were obtained using the GER-1500 field spectroradiometer under clear sky conditions for eight different targets. These field spectral signature curves were simulated to ALOS, ASTER, IKONOS, Landsat 7-ETM+, Landsat 4-TM, Landsat 5-TM and SPOT 5. Red and near infrared (NIR) bandwidth reflectance were re-calculated to each one of these sensors using appropriate RSR Filters. Moreover, the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and simple ratio (SR) vegetation profiles were analysed in order to evaluate their sensitivity to sensors spectral filters. The results have shown that IKONOS RSR filters can better distinguish buried archaeological remains as a result of difference in healthy and stress vegetation (approximately 1–8% difference in reflectance of the red and NIR band and nearly 0.07 to the NDVI profile). In comparison, all the other sensors showed similar results and sensitivities. This difference of IKONOS sensor might be a result of its spectral characteristics (bandwidths and RSR filters) since they are different from the rest of sensors compared in this study.
The cost effective delivery of scientific and policy requirements is a key driver for the realization of global sustainability research, integrated assessment and supporting innovative systems. The next generation of geospatial... more
The cost effective delivery of scientific and policy requirements is a key driver for the realization of global sustainability research, integrated assessment and supporting innovative systems. The next generation of geospatial information infrastructures is proposed as a possible solution. Still, questions such as ‘what does all this mean to environmental information systems’ and ‘what is expected to change’, have only partially been answered. In this paper, we describe the recent challenges for eEnvironment services in Europe, specify desired capabilities and derive according requirements. We identify affected stakeholder communities and depict their involvement in the overall value chain of environmental knowledge generation. Specific examples illustrate individual needs, while a derived description of the value chain indicates more general outcomes. Developmental requirements of future information systems are discussed. The presented work answers the questions above by bridging ...
In the present study, the multi-temporal satellite images of IRS P6 LISS III were used to map waterlogging dynamics over different seasons. An area of 594.36 km2 (6.75%) and 4.17 km2 (0.04%) was affected by surface waterlogging during pre... more
In the present study, the multi-temporal satellite images of IRS P6 LISS III were used to map waterlogging dynamics over different seasons. An area of 594.36 km2 (6.75%) and 4.17 km2 (0.04%) was affected by surface waterlogging during pre and postmonsoon season, respectively. The average annual groundwater level fluctuations were calculated using 18 years (1990–2007) pre and postmonsoon groundwater level data to identify the areas which are under groundwater induced waterlogging conditions. The soil map clearly indicates that salinity and sodicity exhibit the highest severity and occur in areas with shallow groundwater levels. The hydrogeomorphical units mapped using IRS P6 LISS III satellite images are flood plain, alluvial plain, paleochannels, and oxbow lakes. The study revealed that 44.65% areas have very good to excellent groundwater resources. The litholog data clearly indicate an alternating sequence of clay and sand in which deep aquifers made up of coarse sand would be best suited for adequate water supply and good groundwater quality. The integrated study utilizing digital spatial data pertaining to waterlogging, soil salinity, water level fluctuation, and lithological variation proved that planning of any surface and subsurface water resources development activity should be taken up after assessments of said parameters.
Este artículo tiene dos partes. La primera describe una serie de geotecnologías aplicadas en diversos trabajos geográficos y medioambientales para distintos ám¬bitos territoriales en España y el noroeste de África. El hilo conductor es la... more
Este artículo tiene dos partes. La primera describe una serie de geotecnologías aplicadas en diversos trabajos geográficos y medioambientales para distintos ám¬bitos territoriales en España y el noroeste de África. El hilo conductor es la expe¬riencia personal del autor como un ejemplo más de los campos de estudio y de la importancia creciente de las geotecnologías en la geografía. En la segunda parte, se hace una reflexión teórica sobre estos cambios, centrándose en la importancia, la evolución y las limitaciones que suponen las tierras digitales (Google Earth…). La primera parte fue expuesta en la mesa redonda correspondiente a estos temas en la VI Cieta, mientras que la segunda son las reflexiones e ideas preparadas para el debate posterior. Abstract This paper has two parts. The first describes a series of GeoTechnologies applied in different geographical and environmental work for different territorial areas in Spain and northwest Africa. The guiding thread is the author’s personal experience as an example additional to the fields of study and the growing importance of GeoTechnologies in geography. A second part is a theoretical reflection on these changes focusing on the importance, evolution and the constraints that digital earth imply (Google Earth…). The first part was exposed in the corresponding panel of Cieta VI, while the latter correspond to the thoughts and ideas prepared for further discussion.
A brief retrospective of the development of the process of paradigm shift in the field of geography, known as the "geospatial revolution" is given. The concept of the Digital Earth and the geospatial service Google Earth, which most fully... more
A brief retrospective of the development of the process of paradigm shift in the field of geography, known as the "geospatial revolution" is given. The concept of the Digital Earth and the geospatial service Google Earth, which most fully embodied the concept of the Digital Earth, is described. The typology of geospatial methods is proposed, the semiotic paradox of cartography is substantiated, the necessity of introducing the concept of "zero sign"is demonstrated. | Приводится краткая ретроспектива развития процесса смены парадигм в области географии, известного как «геопространственная революция» и заключающегося в смене научного метода. Даётся понятие о Цифровой Земле и о геопространственном сервисе Google Earth, в котором наиболее полно воплотилась концепция Цифровой Земли. Предлагается типология геопространственных методов, обосновывается семиотический парадокс картографии, демонстрируется необходимость введения понятия о «нулевом знаке».
Turning Earth observation (EO) data consistently and systematically into valuable global information layers is an ongoing challenge for the EO community. Recently, the term 'big Earth data' emerged to describe massive EO datasets that... more
Turning Earth observation (EO) data consistently and systematically into valuable global information layers is an ongoing challenge for the EO community. Recently, the term 'big Earth data' emerged to describe massive EO datasets that confronts analysts and their traditional workflows with a range of challenges. We argue that the altered circumstances must be actively intercepted by an evolution of EO to revolutionise their application in various domains. The disruptive element is that analysts and end-users increasingly rely on Web-based workflows. In this contribution we study selected systems and portals, put them in the context of challenges and opportunities and highlight selected shortcomings and possible future developments that we consider relevant for the imminent uptake of big Earth data.
Remote sensing image fusion has come a long way from research experiments to an operational image processing technology. Having established a framework for image fusion at the end of the 90’s we now provide an overview on the advances in... more
Remote sensing image fusion has come a long way from research experiments to an operational image processing technology. Having established a framework for image fusion at the end of the 90’s we now provide an overview on the advances in image fusion during the past 15 years. Assembling information about new remote sensing image fusion techniques, recent technical developments and their influence on image fusion, international societies and working groups, new journals and publications we provide insight into new trends. It becomes clear that image fusion facilitates remote sensing image exploitation. It aims at achieving better and more reliable information to better understanding complex Earth systems. The numerous publications during the last decade show that remote sensing image fusion is a well established research field. The experiences gained foster other technological developments in terms of sensor configuration and data exploitation. Multi-modal data usage enables the implementation of the concept of Digital Earth. In order to advance in this respect we recommend that updated guidelines and a set of commonly accepted quality assessment criteria are needed in image fusion.
