Economics of Crime

Nigeria is witnessing a consistent increase in the rate and pattern of female crime, especially after the civil war and the following years that ushered in the oil boom which facilitated corruption on a large scale. Today, women have gradually moved from misdemeanour to heinous crime such as ritual killings, bribery and corruption, armed robbery etc, which call for serious concern. The main aim of the paper is to examine the factors that are responsible for the increase in female crime in Nigeria and to compare the rate or level of crime committed by female as against those of male criminals using Nigeria prison in Ondo State as our case study. The information and data for this paper were gathered through the use interview method as the primary sources, while prison records, textbooks, journals and newspapers served as secondary sources for the paper. This paper depends on women liberation theory and the power control theory as theoretical models. The result of the study revealed th...

In the wake of the death of George Floyd that causes protest all around the world, and the increasing of criminal cases especially in the United States, there is a need to examine these crimes with inferential statistic. The data examined is from Kaggle.com, a highly visited site worldwide as a source. The data is then processed and visualized using Microsoft Excel and RStudio.

O Brasil e um pais extremamente violento. No Nordeste, porem, mesmo para os padroes brasileiros as taxas de homicidio crescem de forma expressiva na primeira decada do seculo XXI. No entanto, poucos estudos buscaram analisar as causas dessa variacao. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo levantar hipoteses para compreender a dinâmica dos homicidios no Nordeste entre 2000 e 2015, contribuindo, dessa forma, com a escassa literatura acerca do tema, a despeito de seu carater exploratorio. Para tanto, replicam-se os exercicios elaborados por Levitt (2004) e Cerqueira (2010), os quais buscaram calcular o efeito das principais variaveis sociais, economicas e de dissuasao sobre os homicidios para os Estados Unidos e o Brasil, respectivamente. Os resultados surpreendentemente mostram que e pifio o poder de previsao das variaveis normalmente candidatas a explicar a dinâmica homicida da Regiao Nordeste na primeira decada do seculo XXI: a taxa de homicidios deveria ter caido cerca de 70%...

This paper applies the panel technique to investigate relationships between tourism development and economic growth in Indonesia (including 33 provinces) for the 2011-2021 period. The research method used the Solow growth model with Harrod Neutral approach and derived into the econometrics model by Fixed Effect Model (FEM) with the gross regional domestic product as a dependent variable and proxied of economic growth. Independent variables include gross fixed capital formation as proxied of capital, labor, and tourism indicator. The tourism indicator is measured the average length of total guests, domestic guests, and foreign guests in the classified hotel. Using FEM, the result showed that gross fixed capital formation, labor, and the average length of domestic guests significantly positively affect economic growth. The other, the foreign guest has no significant effect on economic growth. Additionally, tourism development has a more significant impact on economic growth from domes...

In almost every country on earth the primary means used by governments in the control of crime involves the use of a criminal justice system – police, courts and prisons etc. This paper will suggest that, important though these are for delivering justice or retribution, they are not fit for purpose in the 21st Century as a major means of crime control. Much greater emphasis needs to be placed on science and experimentation in developing ways to control crime and particularly in stopping it before it happens. The paper argues for the introduction of crime science as an appropriate discipline upon which to base a more rational and empirical approach to crime reduction and discusses the characteristics of this approach and what it might mean in practice.

According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the number of refugees worldwide rose to 25.9 million in 2018. Despite the increased need for refugee resettlements, resistance to the welcoming of refugees appears to have grown. The perception that refugees may engage in criminal behavior has served as fuel for closing the door to refugees in the United States and Europe. Is there any basis for this fear? We exploit variation in the geographic and temporal distribution of refugee resettlements across counties to ascertain if their presence can be linked to greater local violence in the case of the United States. We fail to find any statistically significant evidence of refugee resettlements raising local arrest or offense rates. Institutions that help refugees assimilate into the US labor market may contribute to these favorable outcomes. Overall, these findings widen our understanding of refugee resettlement in the United States and suggest that the adoption of human...

to improve policy making, decision taking and practice in support of the Home Office purpose and aims, to provide the public and Parliament with information necessar y for informed debate and to publish information for future use. Statistical Bulletins are prepared by staff in Home Office Statistics under the National Statistics Code of Practice and can be downloaded from both the UK Statistics Authority website and the Home Office

Na atualidade a Violência e Criminalidade constituem-se em graves problemas para a sociedade brasileira. No entanto, há uma percepção empírica de que esses fenômenos e sua tolerância variam consideravelmente entre as sociedades, comunidades e entre os indivíduos. O presente trabalho é uma análise dos fatores associados com a manifestação da Violência e Criminalidade na Bahia. Para tanto, foram construídos cinco cenários considerando diferentes proxys desses fenômenos e utilizada uma metodologia de Dados em Painel, com 4 modelos econométricos e com informações dos 417 municípios do estado entre os anos de 2015 e 2017. Os principais resultados apontam que a estrutura social é um importante componente para a manifestação desses problemas sociais.  Sendo assim, políticas de prevenção e combate à criminalidade devem considerar ações integradas entre os órgãos de justiça criminal e a família e a comunidade, subentendendo que estes são importantes propagadores de normas de conduta de coerç...

Na atualidade a Violência e Criminalidade constituem-se em graves problemas para a sociedade brasileira. No entanto, há uma percepção empírica de que esses fenômenos e sua tolerância variam consideravelmente entre as sociedades, comunidades e entre os indivíduos. O presente trabalho é uma análise dos fatores associados com a manifestação da Violência e Criminalidade na Bahia. Para tanto, foram construídos cinco cenários considerando diferentes proxys desses fenômenos e utilizada uma metodologia de Dados em Painel, com 4 modelos econométricos e com informações dos 417 municípios do estado entre os anos de 2015 e 2017. Os principais resultados apontam que a estrutura social é um importante componente para a manifestação desses problemas sociais.  Sendo assim, políticas de prevenção e combate à criminalidade devem considerar ações integradas entre os órgãos de justiça criminal e a família e a comunidade, subentendendo que estes são importantes propagadores de normas de conduta de coerç...

The complexity of the current economic development environment in Europe, as a result of the extremist-terrorist phenomenon, coupled with the accentuation of the economic and technological differences among the world’s states, has generated and continues to generate new risks and threats to the communities of people. The attack on civilian targets in Europe, by members of criminal groups has resulted in casualties within human communities. Because some terrorist-extremist organizations are criminal groups that have a specific organization, logistics, specific training and education systems that cannot work without having material and financial resources. As a result, one of the most effective ways to fight the threat of terrorist organizations is to combat terrorism financing.

Clientelism is a cultural traditional in Kenya that can be exploited for corrupt ends by public
officials. Clientelism, an extension of networking, is a cultural feature of Kenyan society;
however, corruption represents individual criminality. Grand corruption executed by senior
government officials and petty corruption executed by lower-level and mid-level officials occurs
in Kenya. Although greed is typically associated with corruption in literature, shame at lack of
self-determination may also be associated with corruption in Kenya. Corruption and organized
crime in Kenya are increasingly associated at the highest levels of government. Official
corruption and organized crime represent an internal threat to the sovereignty of the Kenyan
government and its regulatory and justice functions by forcing transition into a protection
economy with recourse to political interests and organized crime entities operating for mutual
gain. Organized crime operations span the gamut of criminality from traditional organized
crimes such as extortion and prostitution to a variety of trafficking crimes in human beings,
drugs, arms dealing and wildlife trafficking. These activities have become transnational in scope.
Risk management practices and creation of a comprehensive counter-corruption strategy is
advised for private and public foreign and domestic entities operating in Kenya. Increasing grassroots public education about types of corruption and how they are used by corrupt officials to
promote ethnic strife is also recommended as a counter to political and organized crime interests.
Keywords: Economic Crime Management, Paul Pantani, Kenya, organized crime, clientelism.

Crime is one among the most challenging problems in most developing countries in which unemployment is among the causes. Not all kind of crimes can be eradicated indeed; this paper is intended to contribute on eradication of unemployment-related crimes in the developing countries by proposing a deterministic mathematical model of unemployment-crime dynamics including vocational training and employment as control measures for crime. The study adopts the epidemiological model concepts on model formulation and model analysis while considering unemployment as main driver of crime. The basic properties of the model are analyzed, and well-posed of the model is established by using the Lipschitz condition. The next-generation matrix is used to obtain the criminal reproduction number which help to derive the conditions for local and global stability of the model. Moreover, the existence of backward and forward bifurcation when the crime reproduction number is equal to one was analyzed by ce...

Abstract: Neste artigo são abordados os determinantes econômicos e demográficos das taxas de homicídios abrangendo estados da federação no período de 1981 a 1996. As informações sócioeconômicas utilizadas são extraídas dos microdados de seis Pesquisas Nacional ...