Environmental Factors

Objectives: Iron ore mining was important economic activity in the district of Bellary, Karnataka, India. Airborne dusts from mining and ore transportation could affect agricultural productivity. It is hypothesized that dust arising into atmosphere from open pit Iron ore mining can reduce crop productivity. Objective of this study is to identify changes in agricultural productivity from environmental changes resulting due to airborne iron ore dusts in Bellary district. Methods: Change in crop productivity is modeled by regressing crop productivity on fertilizer consumption, amount of rainfall, and on mining activity over the study period. Least Squares estimator with Heteroscedasticity consistent Whites estimates for covariances were calculated. Findings: The results indicate predominantly significant differences in crop productivities during and after mining in case of Bajra, Jowar, Ragi, and Rice and Sunflower crops. In the case of Bajra, the productivity after cessation of mining is 1.61 times higher than during mining. Similarly, In case of rice, productivity after cessation of mining was 1.17 times that during mining. Ragi, and Sunflower also show similar trend in the changes in productivity. Applications: Results from our model could be useful for improved crop protection measures and appropriate policy design. Relationships between yield and other covariates such as fertilizer levels could be utilized to optimize farmer revenues.

This study aims at identifying factors that influence Generation Y to choose Airbnb. The topic of this study is of great importance to understand the new trend of accommodation that is currently taking place in the hospitality industry worldwide known as Airbnb, its main target market is Generation Y. The popularity of Airbnb is on the rise and it has become the main competitor to the traditional hotel industry. This research has identified four factors-socioeconomic , environmental, technological and media-that largely influence Generation Y while choosing Airbnb as their preferred accommodation. The research represents a framework to test the relationship between these factors and Generation Y decision to choose Airbnb. The data were collected in Malaysia, which is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Southeast Asia, from 200 respondents of different nationalities who intend to or have experienced staying with Airbnb. The data were collected through physical distribution of the questionnaire as well as through an online survey. SPSS version 21 was used to analyse the data. The findings suggest that the various factors identified have a significant influence on Generation Y decision while choosing Airbnb as their accommodation. This finding helps Airbnb maintain its target market by determining the key factors that influence Generation Y. The study also identifies technological and environmental factors that play an important role in the Generation Y decision to choose Airbnb.

"Determination of functional and mechanical properties of metal owning to corrosion caused by moisture, chemicals, temperature and several environmental factors propels the demand for corrosion prevention and acid proof lining in numerous end -use industries. Corrosion preventive coatings are devised to protect structures from degradation caused due to exposure in extreme corrosive environment. By acting as a barrier between the materials and the corrosive environment, corrosion prevention coating or linings function as agents that enhance the life of structures by preventing their wear and tear. Deepti Shikha | Rita Awasthi""Corrossion: It's Impact and Prevention"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2451.pdf
Article URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/2451/corrossion-its-impact-and-prevention/deepti-shikha"

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على مدى تأثير العوامل البيئية والشخصية على نجاح ممارسات العمل الحر في قطاع غزة، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من خريجي مؤسسات التعليم العالي في قطاع غزة العاملين لحسابهم الخاص عبر شبكة الانترنت.
استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي للوصول إلى نتائج هذه الدراسة، وكانت أداة الدراسة عبارة عن استبانة تم توزيعها إلكترونياً على عينة الدراسة البالغة 155 فرداً، وقد تم استخدام برنامج التحليل الإحصائي (SPSS) لتحليل البيانات وتفسيرها.
خلُصت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج وقد كانت هذه النتائج غير مشجعة فيما يخص دور العوامل البيئية (التعليم العالي، الواقع الاقتصادي، الثقافة المجتمعية)، حيث حصل التعليم العالي على وزن نسبي مقداره 38.60% كمؤثر ومساعد على نجاح ممارسات العمل الحر، فيما كان الوزن النسبي للعوامل الاقتصادية كمؤثر على نجاح ممارسات العمل الحر هو 45.41%، أما فيما يخص الثقافة المجتمعية فقد كان التأثير يقف تقريباً على الحياد بوزن نسبي بلغ 54.78%.
أما فيما يخص العوامل الشخصية فقد كانت النتائج إيجابية، حيث بلغ الوزن النسبي للسمات الشخصية كمؤثر على نجاح ممارسات العمل الحر 77.14%، فيما وجدت الدراسة أن 73.98% من أفراد العينة يمتلكون المهارات الأساسية للنجاح والاستمرار في بيئة العمل الحر عبر الانترنت.
اُختتمت الدراسة بعدة توصيات من شأنها أن تساعد في نشر ثقافة العمل الحر بين الخريجين وتساهم في تحقيق النجاح والاستمرارية للأفراد العاملين لحسابهم الخاص عبر الانترنت، وقد كان من أهم هذه التوصيات:
- ضرورة تعزيز الجامعات للتعليم الريادي وتحديث المقررات بما يتفق مع متطلبات سوق العمل عبر الانترنت والاهتمام بتطوير مهارات الطلاب الإدارية واللغة الإنجليزية.
- إعادة النظر في برامج التوظيف الروتينية التي تقوم بها الحكومة (التوظيف على بند البطالة) واستبدالها بالتدريبات المدفوعة الأجر على العمل الحر عبر الانترنت.
- ضرورة اتقان مهارات التواصل وتسويق الذات واتقان اللغة الإنجليزية بجانب تطوير وتحديث المهارات التخصصية باستمرار باعتبارهم من أهم مقومات النجاح والاستمرارية.

Background: Studies have illustrated the association of malaria cases with environmental factors in Cameroon but limited in addressing how these factors vary in space for timely public health interventions. Thus, we want to find the spatial variability between malaria hotspot cases and environmental predictors using Geographically weighted regression (GWR) spatial modelling technique.
Materials and Methods: The global Ordinary least squares (OLS) in the modelling spatial relationships tool in ArcGIS 10.3. was used to select candidate explanatory environmental variables for a properly specified GWR model. The local GWR model used the global OLS candidate variables to examine, predict and explore the spatial variability between environmental factors and malaria hotspot cases generated from Getis-Ord Gi* statistical analysis.
Results: The OLS candidate environmental variable coefficients were statistically significant (adjusted R2 = 22.3% and p < 0.01) for a properly specified GWR model. The GWR model identified a strong spatial association between malaria cases and rainfall, vegetation index, population density, and drought episodes in most hotspot areas, and a weak correlation with aridity and proximity to water with an overall model performance of 0.243 (adjusted R2= 24.3%).
Conclusion: The generated GWR maps suggest that for policymakers to eliminate malaria in Cameroon, there should be the creation of malaria outreach programs and further investigations in areas where the environmental variables showed strong spatial associations with malaria hotspot cases.

The riverside communities of Ondo State, Nigeria share peculiarities of environmental challenges with other oil producing areas and semi-urban communities in Nigeria. Secondary schools in these communities were characterised by different class sizes, high student-teacher ratio and inadequate instructional facilities. This scenario did not create a good condition for quality mathematics instruction, and might resulted in poor achievement in the subject. This study investigated the relationship between school environment (Class Size, Curriculum Implementation Monitoring-CIM, School Site-SS and Instructional Material-IM) factors and quality of Junior Secondary (JS) mathematics curriculum implementation in the riverside communities of Ondo State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design of the correlational type was adopted. The 102 teachers of JS mathematics teachers in the 51 secondary schools in the three local government areas: Ilaje (21), Eseodo (13) and Okitipupa (17) were enumerated. Mathematics curriculum implementation observation rating (0.76), IM (0.82), SS (0.78) and IS (0.72) scales were used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. The CI (2.13 ± 0.65) was fair and CIM (2.47 ± 0.51) fairly adequate, while class-size (45.30 ± 6.64) was high. The CIM (r = 0.86), SS (r = 0.31) and IM (r = 0.22) correlated positively with mathematics curriculum implementation, while class size did not. School authorities should ensure provision of instructional materials and effective monitoring to improve quality of junior secondary mathematics instruction in the communities.

https://www.academia.edu/Papers/UploadAbstract
The wetland of the Lakes Koronia and Volvi is of international importance, supporting high numbers of wintering migratory waterbirds. Although protected under the Ramsar Convention, pollution levels have increased enormously in the last two decades, damaging the natural environment. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate changes in the waterbird species populations recorded in the mid-winter counts since 1968 in the Ramsar Wetland of the Lakes Koronia and Volvi, in Northern Greece.
Data regarding waterbird populations were collected from the Hellenic Ornithological Society (HOS) and individual ornithologists who carried out the mid-winter counts. Data regarding environmental factors and pollution were collected from the Environmental Sector of the Ministry of Northern Greece and the Master Plan for the recovery of Lake Koronia. Data regarding fish populations were collected from the Fishing Directorate of the Prefecture of Thessaloniki. Data was presented in tables and graphs and analysis was performed to assess differences between waterbird populations and time. Individual species and groups of species of waterbirds were analyzed, as well as the total number of waterbirds. Fish populations vs. time and fish populations vs. fish-eating waterbirds were correlated. Variables characterizing pollution, climate and water use for irrigation vs. time, were analyzed. Data was not always sufficient for statistical analysis because of unavailability.
In 2002, Lake Koronia completely dried out with the result that large numbers of fish and waterbird deaths were documented. Wintering waterbirds populations also declined following this incident. After 2003, rainfall increased and the lake was regenerated. High numbers of waterbirds reappeared in the mid-winter counts of 2005. The fact that during the last few years Lake Koronia has again attracted a constant presence of pelicans, grebes and herons, is a good sign that the lake’s ecological status may be improving.
Lake Volvi has not been affected as much by pollution and drought. The area surrounding the lake is less densely inhabited, there are no industries and farmland irrigation occurs at a much lower level than Lake Koronia. However, fish species populations were gradually declining. Several duck species and coot are regularly counted in Lake Volvi, contributing significantly to the total waterbird counts. These species counts have dramatically declined in Lake Volvi since 1997. An occasional increase in wintering waterbirds observed in 2002 in Lake Volvi was due to fish-eating birds, mainly grebes. This is unlikely to be because of local factors, but more likely as a consequence of changes taking place elsewhere in Europe. The reasons leading to the above changes remain unclear, based on the present available data. Correlation of waterbird counts in Volvi and Koronia, with data from other Greek wetlands, would lead to useful conclusions and is one of several priorities for future analysis.

The term cancer is derived from the Greek word crab. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates likened diffuse cancer to a crab. Although our understanding of the disease has improved since then, this explanation still seems appropriate. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women after lung cancer. The disease is affected by factors such as the genetic structure of hormonal profiles and different lifestyles. Geographical status, living status, age of marriage, obesity, and nutritional factors are among the environmental factors predisposing to breast cancer. Among dietary supplements, the protective effect of vitamin D on breast cancer has been confirmed. The inverse relationship between sun exposure and breast cancer mortality has been proven. The direct link between decreased serum vitamin D and an increased risk of breast cancer has also been confirmed. In some breast cancer cells, the active form of vitamin D increases the expression of adhesion molecules, which prevents cancer from invasion and metastasis. In addition, this active form has anti-angiogenic activity and can inhibit cancer cell invasion. In this review, we narrate the environmental factors affecting the risk of breast cancer and the modulating role of vitamin D in this malignancy.

Keberadaan plankton pada ekosistem mangrove memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap produktivitas primer setelah serasah mangrove. Hal tersebut juga sangat didukung oleh faktor lingkungan yaitu fisika kimia perairan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap struktur komunitas plankton pada ekosistem hutan mangrove Muara Angke, Jakarta Utara. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kelimpahan plankton dan zooplankton di hutan mangrove Muara Angke berkisar antara 236-4.882 ind/l dan 236-9,99921 ind/l. Struktur komunitas plankton didominasi oleh Pelagothrix sp. dari kelas cyanophyceae, dan Brachianus sp. dari kelas rotifera. Spesies yang jarang ditemui baik fitoplankton maupun zooplankton di seluruh stasiun pengamatan adalah Gyradinium sp. (Dinophyceae) dan Favella sp. (Cilliata). Untuk menganalisa faktor lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap struktur komunitas plankton di setiap stasiun digunakan analisa komponen utama (PCA). Hasil analisa komponen utama menunjukkan bahwa stasiun 3 dan 5 lebih dicirikan oleh salinitas, stasiun 2 oleh pH dan DO, stasiun 6 dan 7 oleh fosfat serta stasiun 1 dan 4 dicirikan oleh padatan total tersuspensi (TSS).

Software testing is a very broad area, which involves many technical and non-technical areas, such as specification, design, implementation, maintenance, process and management issues in software engineering. UCP is an estimation method that provides ability to estimate size from its use case. Researchers had proposed many size estimation techniques. This research paper shows modification of estimating interactive software project size with enhanced use case point. A critical study shows that how we can improve efficiency of original method of size estimation enhanced use-case point. Estimate interactive software project size with Enhanced use case method and stored procedure with transaction will integrated for find the result with more efficient. Calculation of use case point are not difficult main difficultly is in defining use case and actor. UCP gives the measurement of the testing software development project and also ensures complete system documentation. Firstly use case document of project is prepared on the basis of requirement collected and all the factor are determined and analyzed on the basis of their complexity to estimate size.

The article presents the problems of bioclimatic architecture that derives its traditions from the distant past. Urban settlements aligned with the landscape often benefitted from natural environmental factors pragmatically and symbolically. Nowadays, practice of using solar or wind energy and water in building development becomes more common. The paper presents examples of urban solutions, which use natural environmental factors e.g. to optimize the energy consumption or drinking water in particular urban areas. They fit into the mainstream of Ecological Urbanism, which in the era of climate change in the world has the opportunity to provide for the development of future-oriented architecture environment.

SARS-COV-2, a respiratory pathogen, causes Covid-19, a highly contagious respiratory infection. Many died and still die. The Covid-19 virus is most commonly spread by coughing or sneezing gout on infected areas. The Covid-19 is one of the highly critical global health catastrophes of this century and the biggest challenge for humanity; it has signi icant negative and positive effects on our health, economy, social life, and environment. This article will discuss atmospheric air conditions during con inement, the correlation between Covid-19 and weather parameters. Reviewing papers and journal articles discussed on Covid-19 have been used as a method to collect qualitative data. Temperature, wind speed, and humidity predict respiratory infectious diseases, virus viability, transmission, and expansion. There was a-28% to-31% decrease in PM10 and a 50% increase in Ozone (O 3). Because of the declining tourist population, rivers, beaches, and seas are more transparent and cleaner, improving ecosystem biodiversity. The volume of medical waste is increasing as several countries abandon waste treatment to avoid virus transmission and adverse environmental effects.

Myrcia rostrata DC., Myrtaceae, known as “folha-miúda” is found in the Brazilian Cerrado. The genus Myrcia DC, has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. This study aims to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on levels of phenolic compounds in barks of M. rostrata DC. collected in the Brazilian city Hidrolândia/Goiás. The plant material collected was dried in an oven with circulating air at a temperature of 40 ºC. The pulverized material was used to quantification of total phenols, tannins by protein precipitation, hydrolyzable tannins and flavonoids and to chemical analysis of barks and soil in each collection period of the species. The data were statistically analyzed, and the results suggest that metabolite concentrations in the barks of this plant are influenced by environmental factors, in particular the nutrients of the barks, Cu,Na and N,  minerals of the soil Fe, Cu and Ca, besides hydrogen potential.

The understanding of the collapse of ancient civilizations is important for the understanding of the very complex processes happening in our civilization. The Earth is put in danger due for many reasons and some of them do not change throughout history. Because of the global range of human actions, the power reached by contemporary man is much more dangerous than it used to be centuries ago. Therefore, the understanding of past collapses is crucial for the safety of our global village. The article shows the reasons for the collapse of the Greenland Norse civilization. It seems that the main reason was climate change but it also seems that the Greenland Norse could have survived, or at least postponed the collapse. The author indicates that cultural factors were the roots of ecological degradation and the lack of economic adaptation. The Norse knew the Inuit and their adaptive strategies but did not learn from them. It seems that the collapse of the Greenland Norse civilization was the choice of the Norse's elite. The leaders kept the society in a risky balance in order to rule over them, but finally, the fragile equilibrium was shattered and caused the collapse.

Currently, container shipping development is directly associated with an increase of warehouse areas for containers' storage. One of the most successful types of container terminal is an intermodal terminal called a dry port. Main pollution sources during the organization of intermodal transport are considered. A system of dry port parameters, which are recommended for the evaluation of different scenarios for a seaport infrastructure development at the stage of its strategic planning, is proposed in this paper. The authors have developed a method for determining the optimal values of the main dry port parameters by simulation modeling in the programming software Any-Logic. Dependencies that were obtained as a result of mod-eling experiments prove the adequacy of main selected dry port parameters for the effective scenarios' evaluation of throughput and handling capacity at existing seaports at the stage of strategic planning and a rational dry port location , allowed ensuring the improvement of the ecological situation in a port city.

Cette étude vise à montrer l'importance du Statut socioéconomique(SSE) de la famille des élèves et des conditions de fréquentation dans la détermination du concept de soi en milieu Africain. Pour ce faire, elle propose d'analyser les liens de causalité entre les facteurs du milieu socioéducatif des élèves et l'évaluation du concept de soi. Elle part du constat que si les facteurs du milieu ont une influence sur les performances des élèves (Coleman, 1966) et qu'au surplus, les performances influencent la définition du concept de soi (Chanal, 2005) alors les facteurs du milieu devraient influer sur la détermination du concept de soi. Pour vérifier cette hypothèse, une enquête quantitative et qualitative a été menée sur 200 élèves des classes de CE2 et CM1 de 10 écoles de la région d'Abidjan en Côte d'ivoire. Les résultats montrent que les facteurs du milieu socioéducatif agissent indépendamment ou concomitamment ou cumulativement sur la détermination du concept de soi.

Keberadaan suatu makhluk dalam suatu tempat memiliki suatu faktor yang menyebabkan sehingga dapat hidup maupun tersuksesi dari tempat tersebut. Faktor tersebut adalah faktor-faktor lingkungan, dalam hal ini yang mempengaruhi penyebaran tumbuhan (fitogeografi), antara lain faktor iklim,  letak fisiografi, tanah (edafik), dan faktor biotik.

— The present study was designed to optimize the environmental factors that determine ethanol levels of Jamun wine. The studied factors included varied levels of total soluble solids, pH, temperature and inoculum size. It was observed that a total soluble solids content of 25̊ Brix, pH of 4.5, temperature of 25̊ C and an inoculum size of 10 % (v/v) were best for achieving maximum ethanol levels. With these conditions, the observed biochemical structure of wine included an ethanol content of 7.5 % (v/v) with a pH of 3.4, titratable acidity of 0.58 gTartaric acid/100mL, reducing sugars content of 1.2 % (w/v) and total phenolic capacity of 372 µg/mL in terms of gallic acid equivalents. Further, the wine was observed to possess inhibitory activities against common food borne pathogens E. coli, S. aureus and S. typhi.

Entrepreneurs are imperative for the long-term economic growth of any country. By taking different factors in considerations, researchers are trying to discover how important entrepreneurial intention is. This paper examines the three most important groups of factors affecting entrepreneurial intention of women in the north region of Montenegro. The study uses path analysis to understand the impact of personal background, personality traits, and environmental factors on entrepreneurial intention of women. According to the framework of the study, personal background and environmental factors have an impact on entrepreneurial intention of women through personality traits. The relationships between variables were evaluated using factor analysis, reliability, descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression in this study. The research is based on a sample of 202 women in Northern Montenegro. The study demonstrates that personality traits have a mediating influence between business experience, family support, government support, entry barriers to business, and entrepreneurial intention of women. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Dinc, M.S. and Hadzic, M. (2018) 'The mediating impact of personality traits on entrepreneurial intention of women in Northern Montenegro', Int. University. His output includes several articles on management, human resource management, organisational behaviour and ethics in management and numerous papers at national and international conferences. His current research interests include entrepreneurship in transition economies.

The study of environmental variables and their influence on the small pelagic fish stocks of the Alboran Sea
(Western Mediterranean) is asymmetrical, with studies focused on the southern coast being scarce compared
with those looking at the northern margin. In this work, time series of sardine landings from the Moroccan coast
of the Alboran Sea from 1981 to 2016 were analyzed together with environmental variables such as Sea Surface
Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), Surface Chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a), and the velocity of
the Atlantic Jet (AJ) flowing into the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar. Annual sardine catches
decreased from 1981 to 2016 at a rate of −258 t/year. At the same time, the SST and SSS increased at rates of
0.03 °C/year and 0.004 ups/year, respectively, very likely as a result of climate change. Linear models reflect a
negative relationship between sardine landings and SST and SSS, indicating that the long-term temperature and
salinity changes in the Mediterranean could have a negative impact on sardine abundance. At an inter-annual
time scale, chlorophyll concentrations seem to be positively related to sardine abundances. A decrease in the
kinetic energy of the AJ is also inferred from the cross-strait sea level difference (SLD). This variable has an
important influence (positive correlation) on sardine landings, both in the long term and at the inter-annual time
scale, with higher sardine abundances associated to higher SLD. This work shows that environmental variables
such as SLD, SST, SSS, and Chl-a are the main driving factors for the variability of sardine landings in the
southern Alboran Sea.

Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.) is an annual weed species with a wide distribution in cereals of East Azarbaijan, Iran. Tow experiments were carried out based on randomised complete block design with four replications in Tabriz, Iran in 2014 to evaluate the effects of salinity and drought stress on shepherd's purse germination and early seedling growth. The salinity levels were included 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 dS m-1 (deci Siemens per meter) sodium chloride (NaCl). The drought stress levels were included 0,-0.4,-0.8,-1.2,-1.6 and-2.0 MPa osmotic potentials were obtained by polyethylene glycol 8000 as osmotica. Results indicated that the effect of salinity was significant on seed germination percentage and rate, seedling root and shoot length and seedling dry weight. The all traits reduced significantly by increasing the salinity level. In salinity of 20 dS m-1 the germination% of shepherd's purse was < 35 and the seedling dry weight reduced 65% in comparison with control (0 dS m-1). Also the effect of drought stress was significant on seed germination, seedling length and seedling dry weight and all the traits decreased by increasing the osmotic potential. The germination% of shepherd's purse seeds in osmotic potential of-2.0 MPa was < 32 and the reduction in seedling dry matter was > 60%. Generally, it could be concluded that drought stress such as limited irrigation and salinity would be effective strategy for reduction in germination and early seedling growth of this annual weed species. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-5-may-2015-jbes/

Zibri plain is located northeast of Ilamabad-e Gharb between Mahidasht and Islamabad. This study intends to identify a logical link between situation of the sites belonging to the village period and the environmental factors in this plain; for this, we identifed those environmental features that influenced the location of and distribution of sites. An inductive approach was applied to identify the distribution pattern of sites and with collecting environmental and archaeological data, “significant” and “correlation” relations between these two type of variables was evaluated using spearman statistical analysis using SPSS software. According to this analysis it was realized that the environmental factors such as water distribution, agricultural lands and distribution of vegetation are major factors influencing site locations. Site catchment analysis indicates a strong dependence on fertile agricultural lands especially in lush places around the plain by the initial villagers (Early Neolithic) It shows an increasing in xploitation of novel sources to nourishing domesticated animals in an innovative subsistence strategy during middle village period.

В статье рассматриваются особенности понимания процесса перцепции в языковой теории У. Матураны. Рассматривается также его взаимосвязь с процессом когниции и его результатами, исследуются результаты процесса когниции и их взаимосвязь с другими метафизическими теориями, в частности, философией А. Шопенгауэра и языковой теорией Й. Л. Вайсгербера.
The article deals with the peculiarities of the understanding of the perception process in the H. Maturana’s biologic cognition theory. The interrelations with the cognition process and its results are shown. The interrelation with the other metaphysical theories such as A. Schopenhauer’s philosophy and J. L. Weisgerber’s language theory is demonstrated too.

Women entrepreneurship provides women with the opportunity to fulfill their roles in the family as well as to contribute to the society by achieving their own goals. Contribution to the society can be achieved only bring more innovation. In line with this thought, women entrepreneurs who are trying to bring more innovation in society and give importance to innovation are important for the society. In this study, female entrepreneurship was studied due to the importance of entrepreneurship. In this respect, the main purpose of our research is to determine the thoughts on the environmental factors (social and cultural, economic, legal and political factors), the thoughts about entrepreneurship and the gender factors in women entrepreneurship. According to the results of the research, women's arithmetic mean value of entrepreneurship thought is high. The Female entrepreneurs participating in the research believe that social and cultural, economic, legal and political factors affect women entrepreneurs. Moreover, there is a low level of relationship between entrepreneurship thoughts and gender factors but gender factors did not have anyinfluence on women entrepreneurial thinking. This study is meaningful and differentiating due to the fact that female entrepreneurs think that they are not different from male entrepreneurs.

Data for ciliate abundance, biomass composition, with relevant physicochemical parameters, were studied in the south of Sfax from twenty stations during winter 2008. A total of 18 ciliate taxa representing 10 different genera were identified during the monitoring periods. The Tintinnida group is the most diversified (11 species) accountingfor 77% and 92% of the total abundance and biomass, respectively, followed by Choreotrichida and Strombidiida. The ciliate assemblage is dominated by the medium-sized (from 30 µm to 60µm) species and T. beroidea, T. balechiand T. nana are the most abundant.High chlorophyll-a concentration, N/P ratio lower than the Redfield and low Shannon index of ciliate indicated that the water quality of the south coast of Sfax is degraded. So, the coupling of the chemical and biological parameters may serve as good tools to monitor the marine ecosystems.

Cloud computing can bring many benefits to organisations and countries. However there are technical and environmental factors that could hinder the adoption of these technologies in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent of these factors in the public sector in developing countries such as South Africa. A detailed literature review revealed several factors to cloud computing adoption and these were empirically validated using a survey approach. Fifty one respondents from forty public sector organisations in South Africa completed the survey. The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents showed concern regarding the availability and privacy of data. The environmental factors that were of the most importance to respondents were adoption strategies of cloud computing implementations as well as the provision of usage guidelines and regulatory requirements in organisations.

The Masouleh river basin is in south of Iran. Different water user such as urban, rural, agriculture and industry are presented in the catchment. Municipal, rural, agricultural, industry and environmental need are going exacerbate future water resources management. The agricultural activities are related to a range of environmental factors such as conservation of the natural resources, water and biodiversity. WEAP capabilities are extensive related to water resources for municipal and agricultural sector including water conservation, ware allocation priorities, water demand and ecosystem requirements. In this study, three scenarios (Reference, Change of priority and Agriculture reuse Scenario) were selected in order to assess the impact of water demands on the water resources of the Masouleh River catchment in 2035. Scenario made in the current situation and the model enabled analyses of unmet water demand for each scenario for 25 years (from 2011 to 2035). The results of the study showed that Change of priority scenarios water supply is not insufficient to completely meet the demands of all sectors therefore, reuse scenario is the next priority. Application of Water Conservation and Demand Management practices and improvement water distribution can reduce the unmet demand.

Research on the effectiveness of warnings has tended to focus on internal design aspects including variables such as the inclusion of various pictorials, color, and signal words. Only a few studies have examined the influence of warning-related variables that are external to the design of the warning itself although there have been some exceptions such as research on the effects of social influence and cost of compliance. Another potentially important external factor with respect to warning effectiveness is stress. Stress has been shown to influence the quality of decision-making and judgment formation in other domains. The present research examined the effects of stress and warning placement on compliance behavior. Participants were assigned randomly to one of four conditions in a 2 (Stress: lower vs. higher) x 2 (Warning Placement as a posted sign vs. within a set of task instructions) between-subjects design experiment. In the higher stress condition, participants were given a time limit to complete the task, and during the task the experimenter stood immediately adjacent to the participant, appearing to be measuring and timing the participant's pedormance. Thus in this condition there were both time-pressure and social-evaluation stress. In the lower stress condition, participants were given as much time as they needed to complete the task and the experimenter stood at a distance, out of the participant's field of view. Participants performed a chemistry task in which they weighed and measured various chemical substances that appeared potentially hazardous, but were actually safe. A warning directing participants to wear mask and gloves while performing the task was present in one of the two locations. Compliance with the warning (wearing of protective equipment) was significantly higher among participants under lower stress and who were exposed to the within-instructions warning. The rmdings add to knowledge about the effects of external warning factors by showing that stress, such as that evoked in the present experiment, affects the extent to which warnings are complied with. Implications of these results are discussed.

The epiphytic diatoms attached to marine macroalgae have been collected along the Red Sea coast in Egypt, and a total of 52 species of epiphytic diatoms were recorded. Some epiphytic diatoms exhibited host specificity on a few macroalgae, giving unialgal epiphytic flora. Other diatoms did not reveal the preceding preference pattern and persisted on most macroalgae showing a lack of selectivity. Whereas, the significant components of the epiphytic diatom flora were Fragilarioforma virescens, Licmophora ehrenbergii, Licmophora flabellata, Nitzschia gracilis, and Nitzschia sp.1, which were recorded on most macroalgal hosts. The other of the recorded epiphytic diatoms was considered rare. The species richness index (d') of epiphytic diatoms ranged between 1.569 and 5.41. Shannon Wiener's (H') diversity index (H', loge and log2 based) ranged from 1.019 to 2.773 for H' (loge) and from 1.47 to 4 for H' (log2). Diversity and distribution of epiphytic diatom taxa varied temporally between macroalgal hosts with variations correlated with abiotic factors such as temperature, pH, magnesium, chloride, and salinity. The structure of epiphytic diatom assemblages exhibited high beta diversity and low similarity between the hosts.

The main aim of this study was to identify the key indicators related to environmental management and sustainability of hotels as perceived by travelers during their trips. The methodology used was a sentiment analysis with an algorithm developed in Python trained with data mining and machine learning, with the MonkeyLearn library in the hotel industry sector under the eWOM model (e-Word of Mouth). The results with negative, positive and neutral feelings were submitted to a textual analysis with the qualitative analysis software Nvivo Pro 12. The sample consisted of the 25 best hotels in Switzerland according to Traveler's Choice from TripAdvisor ranking 2018 that draws from more than 500,000 reviews. For data extraction, we connected to the TripAdvisor API, obtaining a sample of n = 8331 reviews of the hotels that made up the ranking. The results of the study highlight the key factors related to environmental management detected by travelers during their stay in hotels and can be meaningfully used by managers or hotel managers to improve their services and enhance the value provided by their policies of sustainability and respect for the environment. The limitations of the present study relate to the size of the sample and the number of hotels included in the present analysis.

Nursing is vital part of health care system. The main goal of this study was to determine the job satisfaction of nurses and to explore the environmental factors which play significant role in their job satisfaction. A structured questionnaire was filled out 449 nurses selected randomly from Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done to explore the job satisfaction level of nurses across various classifications. Moreover, using multiple logistic regression Logit model was developed in order to find the predictive strength of job satisfaction using different conditions. Finally, this study ended with conclusion and recommendation.

Seasonal influenza takes its most pronounced toll on children and the elderly, giving the crude age-specific mortality rates a U-shape. In contrast, A(H1N1) 1918–20 pandemic mortality was W-shaped. When adjusting for the seasonal baseline, young adults had higher but the elderly lower than expected mortality. The lower than expected mortality for the elderly is one reason why total mortality in urban societies were relatively low in 1918–20 (b 1%). Why mortality peaked at age 30 but declined into old age is still not clear. It has been suggested that cohorts N 30 years was protected because they were exposed to H1-like viruses prior to 1889. This hypothesis assumes that people lived within the reach of the urban disease pools. Here I analyze mortality after age 30 in aboriginal populations assumed to be infrequently exposed to influenza due to their geographic isolation. Results show that Arctic and Pacific peoples also experienced a decline in relative mortality after age 30. However, the remotely living elderly did not have lower than expected mortality, suggesting that they had less prior exposure to influenza than their urban counterpart. Crude total mortality and mortality for all adults N 30 years was nevertheless extremely high in the remote populations. Parish records quantitatively confirmed the anecdotes that children 5–14 years were the only survivors in some Arctic communities. Low exposure to H1-like viruses in adults could not alone explain the high total mortality in remote populations (up to 90%). A high concurrent disease load, crowding, low genetic variability, a lack of basic care, and infrequent exposure to other forms of influenza virus 1890–1917 may have played a role as well. This form of immunological cross-protection from previous exposure to A-type influenza viruses other than H1N1 can only be explained as a consequence of cellular immunity against internal proteins that show less inter-strain variation than the surface proteins.

Currently, container shipping development is directly associated with an increase of warehouse areas for containers’ storage. One of the most successful types of container terminal is an intermodal terminal called a dry port. Main pollution sources during the organization of intermodal transport are considered. A system of dry port parameters, which are recommended for the evaluation of different scenarios for a seaport infrastructure development at the stage of its strategic planning, is proposed in this paper. The authors have developed a method for determining the optimal values of the main dry port parameters by simulation modeling in the programming software Any- Logic. Dependencies thatwere obtained as a result of modeling experiments prove the adequacy of main selected dry port parameters for the effective scenarios’ evaluation of throughput and handling capacity at existing seaports at the stage of strategic planning and a rational dry port location, allowed ensuring the imp...