Football Soccer

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute knowledge on the issues and benefits associated with managing brand presence and relationships through social media. UK football clubs are big businesses, with committed communities of fans, so are an ideal context from which to develop an understanding of the issues and challenges facing organisations as they seek to protect and promote their brand online. Design/methodology/approach – Due to the emergent nature of social media, and the criticality of the relationships between clubs and their fans, an exploratory study using a multiple case study approach was used to gather rich insights into the phenomenon. Findings – Clubs agreed that further development of social media strategies had potential to deliver interaction and engagement, community growth and belonging, traffic flow to official web sites and commercial gain. However, in developing their social media strategies they had two key concerns. The first concern was the cont...

After the 1990's, the changes in the football world had helped to develop and to grow the economy of football rapidly. The development of digital broadcasting led to build a bigger commercial structure. With the effect of those changes, commercial incomes, sponsor revenues, stadium and facilities incomes, and betting incomes have increased over time. This rapid change also brings several problems. UEFA has published UEFA criteria in order to protect football's sustainability and viability in a long term. Depending on license criteria that is published by UEFA, it has used a road map for football clubs, regarding of corporate structure of UEFA to work, that identified the general rules like in a company structure and management that should be all the necessary factors of production in a systematic and effective way in order to transform football clubs to a corporate organization and make them sustainable. With this out of the common guide explains readers how to run a club in...

CHAPTER•••• 14 Soccer and social capital in Australia: Social networks in transition Daniel Lock, Tracy Taylor and Simon Darcy ... For example, sporting clubs have been found to promote mas-culine aggression, tensions (Kerr, 2005) and crowd violence (Hughson, 2000a). ...

El estudio tiene como objetivo conocer los cambios provocados por un período de entrenamiento precompetitivo, en el tejido adiposo y el somatotipo de jugadores de fútbol. La muestra está compuesta por 83 jugadores, que compiten en categoría “Juvenil División de Honor” (17,7±0,6 años, 173,5±1,9 cm y 65,4±1,3 kg) y “Tercera División Nacional” (20,23±1,6 años, 177,6±1,1 cm y 71,4±8,2 kg). La toma de datos antropométricos se desarrolló siguiendo lo indicado por la “Sociedad Internacional para el Avance de la Kinantropometría” (ISAK). Para el análisis de los datos se tuvo en cuenta la demarcación ocupada en el terreno de juego. Los resultados muestran variaciones significativas (p≤ 0,05) en el tejido adiposo durante el período precompetitivo en los delanteros sub’19 y en los defensas y centrocampistas de los equipos sub’23. Según estos resultados, no existe una respuesta común del tejido adiposo al entrenamiento en cada una de las demarcaciones analizadas. En cuanto al somatotipo, se obs...

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of facilities and equipment in the coaching processes of soccer practical session and also indicate the ways of intervention to the problem. This study was conducted on the Aba Buna sport club, Jimma. The data was collected from primary and secondary sources, which include qualitative and quantitative research method for the purposive. The sample size for the study includes 28 players and 2 coaches. The necessary information had collected through questionnaires which included both open ended and closed ended questions. There were twelve questions in each questionnaire for the players and coaches as well. Only one question is open ended. One week was given to filled questionnaire. The result of study indicates, the facilities and equipment have an exerted impact to improve and develop the efficiency of the clubs practical session. However, the club has intending to solve such problem and solve inadequacy facility equipment is ...

Background: Training with resistance is considered the essential and complementary part of players' preparation period during training season through developing different aspects. Objective: This study aims to investigate the Effect of Kinetic resistance training and technique on special power level and effective kinematic variables in instep kick for soccer juniors. Methodology: 20 junior soccer players (age: 17.54 ±0.5 years, body mass: 69.05 kg, height: 170 cm, training age=7.7 years) participated in this study were randomly assigned into two groups experimental (n=10) trained with kinetic resistance training program and technique and control (n=10) trained with traditional soccer training program only where, the experimental approach was used. Results: The kinetic resistance trainings and technique positively affected the special power level, kicking accuracy and time and effective kinematic variables in instep kick. Conclusion: The researcher recommended that coaches should...

This article explores the views of 906 football fans (96% of whom selfidentified as White), collected via an online survey from May-June 2019, regarding the impact of the leading equality and inclusion organization, Kick It Out, in delivering initiatives to challenge the multifaceted expressions of racism by some White English football fans. Whilst fans recognize the importance of raising awareness of racial discrimination, nearly three quarters of White fans do not engage with any Kick It Out initiatives. In the face of new challenges, including the largely unregulated space of social media, and a socio-political climate that has facilitated the resurgence of overtly expressed bigoted, colour and cultural-based racisms, the article stresses that the English football authorities must support the work of anti-racism organizations to increase their potency amongst White fans if racial discrimination is to be more effectively challenged in the future.

Purpose: Today, in many developed countries, talent management throughout is the long-term process, under the supervision of expert executive managers and coaches, has been done and is an important concept in football. Therefore, in many developed countries, talented people can come to talent programs and received trained continuously to become professional players. Method: In this study, based on German's football talent management program, and procedure informed by Sandelowski and Barroso's qualitative meta-synthesis. Results: The suggested model has three sections: 1- hardware system, 2- software system, and 3- many subsystems that are collaborating in an executive context. Achievements of this program are not just the detection of talented young players at an early age, but rather a long-term process that is a high-level management program, which, for full success, requires collaboration between many organizations such as the government, football association, footballlea...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of corrective exercise programmes on the foot condition. The research was attended by 66 subjects (students of the Jovan Cvijić elementary school, Banja Luka) aged 11-12 years. Of the total number of subjects on initial testing, 44 subjects (72.7%) had flat foot deformity (first, second and third degree) and they participated in further research. The Footplate currex platform was used to assess the arch of the foot. The programme of flat foot corrective exercises lasted a total of 4 months. Exercises were performed twice a week for 20 minutes. The programme included a total of 13 exercises and each exercise was repeated 20 times. A Chi-squared test was applied to determine if there was a difference in the frequency of foot deformities between the initial and final measurements, as well as gender differences, i.e. whether the applied exercise programme affected the reduction of foot arch deformity (p <0.05). The obtained results s...

The aim of this study was to define and categorise different styles of play in elite soccer and associated performance indicators by using factor analysis. Furthermore, the observed teams were categorised using all factor scores. Data were collected from 97 matches from the Spanish La Liga and the English Premier League from the seasons 2006-2007 and 2010-2011 using the Amisco® system. A total of 19 performance indicators, 14 describing aspects of attacking play and five describing aspects of defensive play, were included in the factor analysis. Six factors, representing 12 different styles of play (eight attacking and four defensive), had eigenvalues greater than 1 and explained 87.54% of the total variance. Direct and possession styles of play, defined by factor 1, were the most apparent styles. Factor analysis used the performance indicators to cluster each team's style of play. Findings showed that a team's style of play was defined by specific performance indicators and...

Purpose: Today, in many developed countries, talent management throughout is the long-term process, under the supervision of expert executive managers and coaches, has been done and is an important concept in football. Therefore, in many developed countries, talented people can come to talent programs and received trained continuously to become professional players. Method: In this study, based on German's football talent management program, and procedure informed by Sandelowski and Barroso's qualitative meta-synthesis. Results: The suggested model has three sections: 1-hardware system, 2-software system, and 3-many subsystems that are collaborating in an executive context. Achievements of this program are not just the detection of talented young players at an early age, but rather a long-term process that is a high-level management program, which, for full success, requires collaboration between many organizations such as the government, football association, football leagu...

The aim has been to review the literature about the risk factors of hamstring injury in soccer from a biomechanical point of view. METHODOLOGY. Data bases of bibliography references were Medline, Scopus and SportDiscuss. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Many prospective studies have shown that the previous injury is the greatest risk factor of sustaining the injury. However the primary causes of the injury are unclear in soccer. A lack of hamstring flexibility has been one of the main injury risk factors with controversies on the results. Imbalance of isokinetic force is a risk factor but electrical coactivation of all muscles participating during knee flexion and extension are unknown in football. While the importance of lumbopelvic-hamstrings muscles synchronization during running seems to be crucial for understanding the risk of injury, no research has been developed in this topic in football. CONCLUSIONS. More research using new data recording procedures as Dynamic Scanners, Surface EMG,...

espanolLas redes sociales se han convertido en unmedio principal para los departamentos de comunicacionde las federaciones nacionales defutbol, mejorando la fidelizacion de sus simpatizantes.En este estudio se ha analizado la gestionde las cuentas oficiales en redes socialesde cinco federaciones de futbol nacionales. Lametodologia se ha basado en la observacion yel analisis de contenido, teniendo en cuenta aldepartamento de comunicacion de cada federacioncomo emisor de contenido. Los resultadosmuestran grandes diferencias en la gestionde la comunicacion segun el emisor y la redsocial, lo que resulta de gran utilidad para mejorarla gestion estrategica de la comunicaciondigital en este tipo de entidades. EnglishSocial media have become a main means of interactionfor the communication departmentsof national football federations, improving theloyalty of their supporters. In this study, the managementof official accounts in social media offive national football federations were analyzed....

ABSTRACT Objectives The current study investigated to what extent task-specific practice can help reduce the adverse effects of high-pressure on performance in a simulated penalty kick task. Based on the assumption that practice attenuates the required attentional resources, it was hypothesized that task-specific practice would enhance resilience against high-pressure.Method Participants practiced a simulated penalty kick in which they had to move a lever to the side opposite to the goalkeeper's dive. The goalkeeper moved at different times before ball-contact.DesignBefore and after task-specific practice, participants were tested on the same task both under low- and high-pressure conditions.ResultsBefore practice, performance of all participants worsened under high-pressure; however, whereas one group of participants merely required more time to correctly respond to the goalkeeper movement and showed a typical logistic relation between the percentage of correct responses and the time available to respond, a second group of participants showed a linear relationship between the percentage of correct responses and the time available to respond. This implies that they tended to make systematic errors for the shortest times available. Practice eliminated the debilitating effects of high-pressure in the former group, whereas in the latter group high-pressure continued to negatively affect performance.Conclusions Task-specific practice increased resilience to high-pressure. However, the effect was a function of how participants responded initially to high-pressure, that is, prior to practice. The results are discussed within the framework of attentional control theory (ACT).

The keeper-independent strategy, in which a football penalty kicker selects a target location in advance and ignores the goalkeeper's actions during the run-up, has been suggested to be the preferable strategy for taking a penalty kick. The current in-field experiment investigated the question of whether the goalkeeper can indeed be ignored. Ten intermediate-level football players were instructed to adopt a goalkeeper-independent strategy and to perform penalty kicks directed at one of two targets located in the upper corners of the goal under three conditions: without a goalkeeper, in the presence of a goalkeeper (who tried to save the ball), and in the presence of a goalkeeper who was informed by the penalty kickers where they intended to direct the ball. The mere presence of a goalkeeper impaired shot accuracy. The shots were more centralised, that is, biased toward the goalkeeper. The effects were enhanced for the condition in which the penalty kicker knew the goalkeeper was knowledgeable about ball direction. The findings were consistent with the response activation model that holds that aiming at a target can be biased toward salient visual non-targets. The implications for adopting and practising goalkeeper-independent strategies are discussed.

The online sports gambling industry employs teams of data analysts to build forecast models that turn the odds at sports games in their favour. While several betting strategies have been proposed to beat bookmakers, from expert prediction models and arbitrage strategies to odds bias exploitation, their returns have been inconsistent and it remains to be shown that a betting strategy can outperform the online sports betting market. We designed a strategy to beat football bookmakers with their own numbers. Instead of building a forecasting model to compete with bookmakers predictions, we exploited the probability information implicit in the odds publicly available in the marketplace to find bets with mispriced odds. Our strategy proved profitable in a 10-year historical simulation using closing odds, a 6-month historical simulation using minute to minute odds, and a 5-month period during which we staked real money with the bookmakers (we made code, data and models publicly available)....

After the 1990’s, the changes in the football world had helped to develop and to grow the economy of football rapidly. The development of digital broadcasting led to build a bigger commercial structure. With the effect of those changes, commercial incomes, sponsor revenues, stadium and facilities incomes, and betting incomes have increased over time. This rapid change also brings several problems. UEFA has published UEFA criteria in order to protect football’s sustainability and viability in a long term. Depending on license criteria that is published by UEFA, it has used a road map for football clubs, regarding of corporate structure of UEFA to work, that identified the general rules like in a company structure and management that should be all the necessary factors of production in a systematic and effective way in order to transform football clubs to a corporate organization and make them sustainable. With this out of the common guide explains readers how to run a club in today’s...

The aim of this study is to be able to discover methodological similarities between the emergence of new tactics in the context of tactical changes in football history and the theory of paradigm shifts related to scientific revolutions in the philosophy of science. In this context, it has been argued that whether the changes in football tactics can be regarded as paradigmatic changes or not, taking into consideration certain points, and the question of whether the changes in football tactics can be handled as paradigm shifts in the scientific framework, and it has been analysed whether changes in soccer tactics can be handled as paradigm shifts in the scientific framework. The work's philosophical framework is based on the views of Thomas Kuhn on the philosophy of science in his work titled "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions". The paradigm shift in this context is explained in detail through the concepts such as the anomalies in the paradigm, the period of scient...

Mi presentación resume la investigación que desembocara en mi libro Fútbol y Patria. En ella, rastreé y analicé las relaciones entre los discursos vinculados al fútbol (en el periodismo gráfico, pero también en el cine, la televisión y la narrativa ficcional) y los argumentos sobre la Nación a lo largo del siglo XX, en un arco que comienza en el momento de invención de un "fútbol criollo" (los años 20, contemporáneamente a los textos nacionalistas de los intelectuales oficiales, como Lugones o Rojas) y culmina con el Campeonato Mundial de 2002, a su vez contemporáneo con la crisis argentina iniciada en diciembre de 2001. A lo largo del siglo, esas relaciones son cambiantes: desde la complementariedad subalterna de los relatos futbolísticos en los años 20 hasta la centralidad que adquieren durante el "ciclo maradoniano" (1978-1994), las posibilidades son variadas y objeto de mi análisis. Mi hipótesis es que en momentos de politización fuerte de los debates sobre l...

This research explores the relation existing between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Public Relations (PR) through the legitimization theory (Lindblom, 1994). With this project we aim to determine if soccer clubs are implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs to legitimate their role in society as corporate citizens. The specific objectives are (1) to know how CSR programs are being introduced in Spanish soccer clubs; (2) to determine their main CSR polices and (3) to identify dialogue channels with stakeholders. The methodology is based on the interpretative and descriptive analysis of 42 professional soccer clubs in the Spanish League (2016/2017), including those in the first and second division. In particular, we will analyze annual reports, their corporate websites and finally, the foundations of these clubs as instruments to develop CSR policies. The results show little commitment to CSR, which emphasizes charity, actions aimed at the members and comp...

In this article, we argue for the importance of a non-media-centric approach to mediatization. To do this, we develop a theoretical framework that combines Schulz’s influential work on the four dimensions of mediatization with novel insights from the phenomenology of media. The latter foregrounds the significance of practical, embodied forms of mediated knowledge and habit as well as the extent to which media environments become part of the familiar landscapes that people traverse. Using football (or soccer) fans in East Africa as a case study, we show how football-related activities are increasingly orientated toward the schedules and performances of leagues, clubs, and players in Europe and, as a result, become inextricably bound up with, and informed by, media. This approach offers an important means for theorizing both the sport–media nexus and the power of media in the contemporary era.

Resumen En torno a los origenes del futbol en Espana aun quedan muchos aspectos por explicar, y uno de ellos concierne al modo de como se empezo a jugar, como se jugaba y como se entrenaba. Sobre este ultimo interrogante trata el presente articulo que tiene por objeto indagar los primeros metodos o tecnicas de preparacion fisica en el futbol, es decir como se preparaban fisicamente los jugadores y equipos a principios del siglo pasado (1899-1930). Para ello hemos partido de una revision de fuentes documentales primarias y consultado otras fuentes bibliograficas mas recientes que han permitido presentar un discurso positivista contextualizado en el espacio socio-deportivo de la epoca. Asi descubrimos que los ejercicios atleticos naturales (levantamiento de pesas, luchas, saltos, lanzamientos y carreras) y la metodica gimnasia sueca fueron los medios mas utilizados. Con este inedito estudio contribuimos a percibir una primitiva fase del proceso evolutivo que ha sufrido la preparacion ...

High-intensity, short-duration warm-up techniques improve acute physical performance, but sparse research has examined their consequence when followed by intermittent activity which is pertinent to team-sports. We compared a 5 RM leg-press, a small-sided game and a current team-sport warm-up amongst 10 semi-professional soccer players following two intermittent activity protocols consisting of: 15 repetitions of a 60-s circuit that included sprinting, slalom, walking, jogging, decelerations, changes of direction, backwards running and striding activities. There was a large improvement in counter-movement jump height in the 5RM post 1st intermittent activity protocol (6.0, ±4.0%: mean, ±90% CL; p=0.03) and a small improvement post the 2nd (4.6, ±4.0%: p=0.04) compared to team-sport. Reactive agility was moderately faster via 5RM post the 1st intermittent activity protocol (3.1, ±2.6%: p=0.04) and the 2nd (5.7, ±2.7%: p=0.001), compared to small-sided game. A small improvement in reac...