Fourth Industrial Revolution

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, businesses are adapting to the use of digitalisation which requires the digital transformation of their existing business models. However, there is limited empirical research on this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is twofold: (i) to develop a framework for businesses to digitally transform their business models and (ii) to examine literature in order to identify and analyse the constructs underlying the three concepts of Digitalisation, Digital Transformation and Business Model Innovation. The study is qualitative in nature and is based on a narrative review. Relevant articles were identified by using international bibliographic databases and scrutinised using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that the first two constructs require digital capabilities and a digital strategy. The third construct requires digital transformation in the realm of customer-centricity, resources, processes and profit. A set of propositions wa...

Jeff Bezos is well known as a very rich man, and perhaps as the founder and CEO of Amazon. More revealing is the dynamic business model and strategy that has been the hallmark of his company’s success. Still more unknown is that instead of being the monopolist that he is often portrayed in the media and public imagination, he is a visionary, locked on target toward a futuristic age.

La Cuarta Revolución Industrial promete grandes cambios sociales. Tal cual indica Klaus Schwab, esta revolución tecnológica alterará por completo los productos que elaboramos, cómo los elaboramos, cómo interactuamos y, sobre todo, quiénes somos. Como era de esperarse, aquel potencial caracterizado por la promesa de la automatización y la interconexión de los ecosistemas físicos con los digitales (Internet de las cosas, implantes neurales, prótesis inteligentes, etc.) no solo ofrecerían beneficios, sino que, consecuentemente, también supondrían peligros. La guerra también experimentará cambios. En este escenario el biohacking, las Smart Cities, los Deep Fakes y las nanotecnologías, podrían alterar por completo lo que entendemos por conflicto bélico.

La " cuarta revolución industrial " provocará una transformación en los escenarios educativos porque incorporará redes ciberfísicas en la producción, logística y consumo de bienes y servicios. La teoría educativa ha abordado tradicionalmente los escenarios educativos tecnologizados con categorías de análisis propias de la tercera revolución industrial y es necesario superar esos lastres conceptuales. Este texto propone el concepto de " aprendizaje en red " y toma como punto de partida la ontología poshumanista y la epistemología de la teoría del actor-red. Así, el aprendizaje sería un proceso que asocia agencias humanas y no humanas por igual, que opera sin centro ni periferia, y cuyo objetivo es garantizar su autorregulación y persistencia porque en cuanto las agencias dejan de operar, la red de aprendizaje desaparece. El aprendizaje es, en sí mismo, una red heterogénea en funcionamiento. Asimismo, en este texto se identifican algunas agencias humanas y no humanas básicas que permiten constituir redes de aprendizaje, fortalecerlas o destruirlas. Además, se justifica por qué la investigación educativa debería crear datos de manera inductiva y construir categorías de análisis en forma abductiva para identificar nuevos objetos de estudio en los escenarios de aprendizaje de la cuarta revolución industrial, que se caracterizan por ser híbridos, ambiguos y contingentes.

This quantitative study used a questionnaire as a method of data collection. Located within a positivist paradigm, the study investigated teachers' readiness on the use of eLearning in the Eastern Cape Department of Education. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Respondents in the study was a total of 10 school principals selected from 10 secondary schools in the province of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Research results revealed that although teachers have access to digital tools and devices, high school teachers do not integrate e-learning in their teaching methods, also information sharing in high schools are still paper-based. However, findings revealed that unavailability of internet connectivity is one of the major challenges that hinders teachers' e-readiness. The study, therefore, recommends that if teachers in South African schools are to be ready for the use of digital tools and resources , the Department of Basic Education (DBE) needs to introduce directive policies governing the use of digital technology in schools and also provide an adequate internet bandwidth that will ensure faster and reliable connectivity, hence facilitating readiness for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

As it was the case of all preceding revolutions Industry 4.0 brings changes to the organisational systems which result in the changes of requirements related to relevant human resources. Historically anchored organisational systems have always been supported by the referring education. The study presents the characteristics of selected well-established organisational systems and their supportive systems of education with the aim to link them to the requirements of the developmental phase called Industry 4.0. From this perspective it presents the challenges that the Slovak Republic, especially its education, is facing today.

The people of Bali, the Island of the Gods, offer sacrifices daily to thank Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa for the peace they experience with nature. But nature is not at peace with the people of Bali, or anywhere else, because people use technologies of past industrial revolutions that harm the balance with nature, and nature is responding with harm to humanity. This paper asks how can we change, using the capabilities of the fourth industrial revolution, to placate nature. Misuse of technology is not confined to Bali and the Balinese, but to all humanity, whether Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, Christian or whatever belief or no belief. After describing some key ways we do nature harm by misuse of old technology, and nature's retribution (including climate change, air pollution, plastics, abuse of land and water) the paper suggests some distinctly Balinese and Indonesian ways to address them, and a summary of the political and administrative changes that this would require. It concludes with thoughts on the relevance of this for the rest of the world.

The idea of the future has always emerged as a major concept for humanity. Each and every period of the civilizations, there has been always a motivation for people to manifest their ideal futures. In the context of urbanism, the intellectual capacity of utopian thinking has influenced most of the discussions on urbanism during history. In this regard, the destructive impacts of industrial revolutions have become the triggering forces to construct the ideal image of the future city. When the first industrial revolution occurred, most of the people were not aware of the forthcoming changes that were going to affect their life significantly, as it happened in the second and the third industrial revolutions. While each industrial revolution brought unexpected outcomes, utopian thinking has generated responses to overcome those negative impacts. Today, we are on the verge of another industrial revolution. Unlike the previous ones, the fourth industrial revolution is expected to change not only the way to produce things but also to change ‘us’ (Schwab, 2016). Therefore, it is possible to claim that the forthcoming era will completely alter the current socio-economic structure. The subject is a newly emerging issue, yet the intellectual history of futurist thinking together with the contemporary future urban models and speculative projects would provide guidance to generate prospective ideas for the possible future. In this context, the main purpose of the research is to examine the existence and validity of futuristic thinking in urbanism in the context of emerging concepts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and to revisit the reconstruction of the idea of future urbanism within the framework of utopian thought.

O presente estudo nos conduz a entender as causas e possíveis consequências da Quarta Revolução Industrial tanto na educação quanto na civilização desses tempos hodiernos em que ‘o tudo’ passa a ser conectado com ‘o todo’. O estudo nos permite sustentar a ideia de que os agentes, tanto da Civilização quanto da Educação 4.0, precisam reconhecer todos os seres humanos como a principal variável dessa nova Equação Civilizatória para que se garanta uma sociedade cada vez mais ética, igualitária e alicerçada sobre pilares plenamente democráticos; sendo que entendemos este como sendo o caminho para que tanto a ciência quanto as tecnologias, dotadas de valores humanos, sejam postas como instrumentos para o bem-comum – gerando e distribuindo riquezas – e para que, desta forma, a humanidade seja capaz de vencer a ‘indigência humana’ que lhe acomete e, com isso, possa viver em estado de felicidade.

Aim/Purpose The fundamental question this study intends to address is how ready South Africa is for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in terms of digital literacy and e-skills. Background The sweeping changes brought about by 4IR may require a new set of digital and/or e-skills and fundamental adaptation of the society to match the needs and changes resulting from this new revolution. Like other countries, South Africa needs to prepare its citizens for 4IR. This study considers the case of the youth of Mpola Mission with a view to establish their state of readiness for 4IR. Methodology A quantitative cross-sectional survey research design was used to conduct the study. Structured questionnaires were distributed to the potential respondents selected using a systematic sampling technique. Contribution The descriptive nature of this study accounts for the nature of digital skills and e-skills possessed by youth in Mpola to lay the foundation for policy direction in relation to 4IR and digital skills within the context of Mpola Mission. Considering the limitations of this study, findings emanating from this study may be used as a base for further study. Findings The findings emanating from this study suggest that the majority of youths of Mpola Mission can operate a computer without assistance. In addition, it was established that the digital literacy capability of the youth is at the literacy level where they are able to conduct day-today operations using any computing device. In general, most of the questionnaire respondents have the capability to navigate websites of different types of content, and assess information available on the internet without taking such information at face value. The e-skills possessed by the respondents was found to be slightly above average, and thus suggesting that the youth of Mpola Mission are slightly ready for the fourth industrial revolution in terms of digital literacy and e-skills. Recommendations for Practitioners Researchers, policy makers, educators, trainers and practitioners will find the findings of this study useful when planning for youth upliftment in the information and technology environment and thus position the youth to play a meaningful role in the 4IR. Recommendations for Researchers Similar studies should be considered for areas other than a semi-urban areas to establish if similar patterns can be established as far as digital literacy and e-skills are concerned. Impact on Society The issues identified in terms of 4IR readiness among the youth of Mpola Mission suggest that South African youth are, to some extent, ready for 4IR in terms of digital skills. However, the capability to fully comprehend 4IR and its implications for South African human capital is limited.

This report presents the results of the trends mapping study on the future of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) teaching, conducted by Gita Subrahmanyam (with research assistance from Bindu Law) on behalf of UNESCO-UNEVOC. The study engaged the international TVET community to: (i) improve understanding of the implications of global disruptions; (ii) gather knowledge, insights, experiences; and (iii) highlight promising practices in preparing TVET teaching staff to deliver the skills needed in the 21st century and beyond.

As online education moves into the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), there is a sense of urgency to make the shift to integrate 4IR technologies into online education. Other sectors such as businesses, industries, and entertainment are starting to use 4IR technologies, such as artificial intelligence, internet of things, robotics, and data analytics to personalize services, and to become more effective and efficient. This presentation will provide results from a research study that investigates the role of the tutor and online organization in the 4IR era. A central question asked in this study is, “How can online education benefit by adopting 4IR technologies?” For example, in the past online learning was used to deliver theory courses. How can online education use 4IR technologies such as, robotics and artificial intelligence to teach hands-on skills at a distance and allow remote access of equipment? How can the technology personalize learning for each learner? At the same time, online educators must consider how best to use 4IR technologies for the benefit of all learners. The next generation of online learning must prepare learners across the globe for the future by adopting the “good” of 4IR technologies.

The rise of new technologies known as the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), brings a transformation that makes it possible to produce and manufacture products on machines through robots in modern smart factories. Industry 4.0 will increase productivity, quality of goods, foster industrial growth, and modify the profile of the workforce and required competences. However, such benefits and advantages should be assessed in light of potential barriers and negative consequences. The paper deals with the barriers of new technology introduction and main disadvantages of Industry 4.0. Based on questionnaire research in 217 industrial enterprises, the differences between enterprises according to their size and technological intensity are analysed. The main barriers of technology introduction and Industry 4.0 disadvantages are lack of funds, high costs, production process optimization and high investment need. The research confirmed only small differences in managers’ preferences of Industry 4.0 technology barriers and Industry 4.0 disadvantages according to the enterprise size. The technological intensity was important only partly in case of perception of Industry 4.0 disadvantages. The key contributions of this work are promising results for a better understanding of technology barriers and Industry 4.0 disadvantages.

History of humanity is a process consisting of certain stages. Each stage is a result of the change of the technology, manufacturing type and the basic input. Today, it is accepted that humanity is still on the verge of a progress. This new period, called the fourth industrial revolution or the cyber era, will naturally bring with new social, cultural, economic and political structures. One of the issues to be addressed in this context is the concepts of nation and nationalism, which are regarded as the product of modern society and the basis of nation states. Because today's postmodern paradigm and global system are directed their basic criticisms to these concepts. Turkish nation and Turkish nationalism are not beyond contemporary debates. In terms of Turkish nationalism, the problem is not the origin or the establishment of the theoretical structure. As of today, the real issue is that Turkish nationalism cannot produce systematic policies against the visible effects of globalization and postmodernism. The upcoming new era will bring a much different dimension to history of humanity. The Turkish nation should not miss this transformation. Therefore, instead of simple and populist political discourses, Turkey needs nationalist policies that can shape world and the upcoming era.

Pilot projects are popular in companies for experimenting with industry 4.0 concepts. However, few studies have addressed the specificities of piloting transformation, whose requirements are quite different than those for implementing a project with clear goals. Pilot projects can be used for the purpose of exploring, demonstrating, optimizing and disseminating solutions. In this paper we identify the role of pilot projects in digital transformation and define a successful pilot project so that it transcends to a full project. We provide accessible guidelines for the deployment of pilot projects in industry 4.0, drawing from a structured literature review and from lessons learned in an action research project implementing mixed reality in household ceramics production. A sound approach to pilot projects is important to reduce unknowns and risks in ensuing full projects and to contributing to organizational knowledge, offering an opportunity to rethink business strategies and train employees in digital transformation.

China’s flagship foreign policy engagement programme, the Belt-Road Initiative (BRI) and its technological component, the Digital Silk Road (DSR), have garnered much attention in policy and research circles. As the prime manifestation of China’s ambition to play a greater role in the global digital sphere, the DSR has led to questions concerning whether Beijing might use it as a conduit to export its political system or approach to digital governance, as well as concomitant values, to gain a greater role in global digital standard setting processes, and what its competitive impact is for Western governments and technology companies.

The answer to these questions is, however, often not borne by detailed empirical analysis. Nevertheless, the perspective of DSR-affected and recipient countries is crucial, for several reasons. First, the DSR potentially covers dozens of nations, with significant variation in economic development levels, foreign policy, regime type, ethnicity and religion, geography and many other parameters. As such, the DSR cannot be a onesize-fits-all initiative but will inevitably be shaped by the different environments it will face. Second, while the DSR is often framed through the lens of Sino-US great power competition, the dozens of countries affected by it have significant agency. They may have their own strategic visions and approaches that seek to leverage China’s stated munificence to their own benefit.

This report provides an initial step in this direction, by providing four country-level studies of perceptions of the DSR. While the four countries, Cambodia, Ethiopia, India, and Iran, obviously differ considerably on numerous counts, it is nevertheless possible to derive the following general findings with regard to their perspectives on the DSR. First, in none of the four countries has the notion of the “Digital Silk Road” entered the domestic political discourse. Second, the DSR is not considered to be a comprehensive, multilateral programme. Even so, the question how to engage with China on digital issues is an important one in domestic policymaking. Unsurprisingly, all governments surveyed intend to develop strategies in pursuit of their own perceived national interest.

These conclusions have important implications for observers and policymakers. First and foremost, they should move away from the Beijing-centric model that has dominated the debates so far, and take the agency and interests of affected countries into greater consideration. Second, they should take note that the DSR is not simply a competition between the US and China fought out in neutral territories. Third, even though the DSR may well be less of a national strategy than advertised, it nevertheless is the case that China’s digital footprint does pose competitive challenges to Western governments, for local governments’ favour, and for Western businesses, for their markets.

In recent years, a Fourth Industrial Revolution emerged in public discourse as a narrative of exceptional societal disruption. At the core of this conceptual construct, led by the World Economic Forum, rests a sociotechnical imaginary of future essentialism, based on the revolutionary potential of digital, biological and physical innovations. This article addresses the lack of studies assessing the dynamics between the institutionalisation and the public performance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution concept through news media. We present the results of a quantitative content analysis of how the topic has been covered (frames, sources, tone) by the Portuguese national circulation press (2013–2020). This exploratory case study informs a proposal for an epistemic and methodological articulation between the theoretical frameworks of sociotechnical imaginaries and of media framing.

We are in the throes of a transition to a qualitatively new stage of world capitalism. Its essence is the emergence of truly transnational capital, a transnational capitalist class (TCC) made up of the owners and managers of transnational corporations, and transnational state apparatuses through which the TCC attempts to exercise global political authority. This corporate-driven globalization has brought a vast new round of global enclosures as hundreds of millions of people have been uprooted and converted into surplus humanity. The extreme global inequality that has resulted erodes social cohesion and fuels unrest. In response, the more enlightened members of the transnational elite clamor for a powerful transnational state to resolve the ecological, social, economic, and political crises of global capitalism, but instead a global war economy and a global police state may be in the offing. If we are to avoid a civilizational collapse and reach a Great Transition, we will need an accurate reading of the new global capitalism to guide our social practice.

This document presents a framework based on PPBL (Passion and problem based learning) developed by the Laboratory to Innovate in the Fourth Industrial Revolution of the National University of Colombia
(UNLab 4.0), which has proven great potential to reduce inequality gaps by developing the 4C skills (critical thinking, communication, creativity, collaboration) in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. This
framework has been successfully implemented within heterogeneous groups of persons with different age, ethnicities, religious beliefs, economic, cultural, political and social conditions. By this means, it has helped to break social inequalities by developing abilities to identify, manage and propose solutions to complex problems, such as the ones in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is all made from a
perspective of a never-ending journey, an adventure, which begins by asking the participants about their inner passions; the process takes them through an exploration that allows them to discover challenges
connected to problems and later with projects. The process is guided by mentors, which have a peer-topeer interaction, living the whole process together with the participants and helping them to break
prejudices and paradigms. This process results in a boost for potential innovations, which are expressed as artistic, technological, scientific, and cultural artifacts that the participants create as a response to the
problems or challenges they choose to, explore and face.

Проф. д-р Николай Радулов, ръководител на департамент Национална и международна сигурност Нов български университет, София Резюме: Четвъртата промишлена революция предполага тотална промяна на начина ни на живот. За да бъдем адекватни на новите заплахи в сигурността, произтичащи от високите технологии, трябва да ги анализираме и оценим от гледна точка на сигурността на хората. Summary: The Fourth Industrial Revolution implies a total change in our way of life. To be adequate to the new security threats stemming from high technology, we need to analyze and evaluate them from the point of view of people's security.

Проф. д-р Николай Радулов, ръководител на департамент Национална и международна сигурност, Нов български университет, София Резюме: Четвъртата промишлена революция предполага тотална промяна на начина ни на живот. Повишаването на сигурността на хората изисква да се възползваме от всички проекти съществуващи в рамките на съвременното технологичнсо радзвитие и проектът "Дронове" е един от тях. Summary: The Fourth Industrial Revolution implies a total change in our way of life. Enhancing the security of people requires us to take advantage of all the projects existing in the framework of modern technological development and the Drones project is one of them. Четвърта промишлена революция. Промишленост 4.0 На практика това е прогнозируемото с голяма степен на вероятност близко бъдеще, което вече е на старта. Ще се развият масово киберфизични системи в производството, обслужването на човешките потребности. Измененията ще се отразят най-широко на всички страни на живота. Разбира се съществуват и рискове-повишена нестабилност и възможност от колапс на световната система поради промяна на основни парадигми на съвместното съществуване. Технологиите, които вече се разработват и ще обхванат всичко са: големите данни (Big Data); интернетът на нещата (Internet of the Things-IoT); виртуалната, допълнената и смесената реалност; 3D-печатът; печатната електроника; квантовите изчисления; блокчейн технологиите; изкуственият интелект; невротехнологиите; новите материали; космическите и геотехнологиите. На 1 април 2011 г. в седмичния вестник на Съюза на германските инженери VDI Nachrichten излиза неголяма статия със заглавие "Индустрия 4.0: С Интернет на Нещата по пътя към Четвъртата индустриална революция". В нея съвсем не на шега се съобщава, че на предстоящия Хановерски панаир работна група от трима специалисти, представители на предприемачеството,

This article describes how the blended format of a higher education program initially designed for police officers supported the nurturing of human skills, such as creativity, collaboration, problem solving, and critical thinking, which are increasingly seen as essential in 21st century workplaces. The article begins with a discussion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and how the impacts of automation, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of things, among others, are compelling reevaluation of non-cognitive or human skills. Then, the article explores the evolution of the educational program at the University of Guelph-Humber, in Toronto, Canada, and outlines how by-products of the program were hallmark liberal arts skills, such as critical thinking, research, analysis, and communication, which were seen as valuable to police work. Third, it highlights some of the specific impacts of increasing technological inputs such as artificial intelligence, crime mapping, and predictive policing algorithms on everyday community policing. Finally, the article correlates how, perhaps counterintuitively, blended or hybrid and online education can create learning environments to nurture the human skills to respond to the workplaces of the future.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is a multi-scale process characterized by gradual interconnection and digitalization in the context of economic globalization. This paper confronts the discourses derived from this socio-economic process with the biophysical limits of the planet by analyzing the material requirements of the basic infrastructure necessary for the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Through the study of the discourses and the current situation of natural resources, a total of 13 metals have been identified whose availability in the next 30 years constitute the limiting factors for the effective deployment of the technologies of this process. In this context, the theoretical foundations are laid for a potential future where techno-optimistic and decrescent discourses coexist through unequal development, making sustainability a characteristic based on exclusivity.


La Cuarta Revolución Industrial constituye un proceso multiescalar caracterizado por la paulatina interconexión y digitalización en el contexto de la globalización económica. El presente trabajo confronta los discursos derivados de este proceso socioeconómico con los límites biofísicos del planeta a través del análisis de los requisitos materiales por parte de la infraestructura base necesaria para las tecnologías de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial. A través del estudio de los discursos y la situación actual de los recursos naturales, se han identificado un total de 13 metales cuya disponibilidad en los próximos 30 años constituyen los factores limitantes al despliegue efectivo de las tecnologías de dicho proceso. En esta tesitura, se asientan las bases teóricas de un potencial futuro donde los discursos tecno-optimistas y decrecentistas coexisten a través del desarrollo desigual haciendo de la sostenibilidad una característica basada en la exclusividad.

بقلم د. محمد عبدالظاهر

هل يمكن أن تتراجع صناعة التليفزيون والفيديو التقليدية تمامًا عن شكلها الحالي؛ لتأخذ منحًا جديدًا أكثر تطورًا في ظل حقبة صحافة الذكاء الاصطناعي؟

يُمكن القول إن تلك الصناعة سوف تعتمد على تقنيات الثورة الصناعية الرابعة والذكاء الاصطناعي من حيث:

تجهيز الاستديوهات – مثلًا بطريقة الطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد-أو الاعتماد على الروبوت في كافة عمليات الإنتاج دون التدخل البشري.
صناعة بث مباشر لوسائل الإعلام دون الحاجة لعمليات المونتاج أو استهلاك الوقت والجهد في التحضيرات الأولية.
الاعتماد على الأقمار الصناعية عالية الدقة والسرعة في البثّ المباشر للجمهور المستهدف دون التقيّد بحدود جغرافية أو قانونية.
تتحول الهواتف الذكية، والأكثر سرعة إلى قنوات مباشرة لنقل هذا المحتوى إلى أي مكان.
خدمات الفيديو حسب الطلب
وماذا عن صناعة الدراما العالمية، وخدمات الفيديو حسب الطلب (Video on demand (VOD)) هل ستستمر بنفس التقدم أم ستختفي؛ ليحل محلها الفيديو والدراما دون الطلب، أو ما يمكن أن نُطلق عليه فيديو صحافة الذكاء الاصطناعي ( AI video-on-demand (AIVOD) ، وهو ما يمكن أن نعرفه على أنه:

“مجموعة فيديوهات مُعدة سلفًا من قبل أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي، يتدخل الإنسان فقط في تحديد موضوعاتها، ليقوم الروبوت بتجميعها، وتحميلها وتحريرها بل وبثها في النهاية – وفقا للطلب – من قبل القائم بالاتصال فقط، لتصل إلى الجمهور المستهدف كرسائل ” SPAM  “ويكون  له حرية قبولها أو حذفها. وتعتمد بشكلٍ كلي على تقنيات مثل البلوك تشين، أو الطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد، والهواتف الذكية، والروبوت في كافة مراحل الإنتاج والتوزيع وقياس ردود الأفعال.


#صحافة_الذكاء_الاصطناعي ومستقبل صناعة #التليفزيون و #الفيديو_حسب_الطلب #VOD

#AI_VOD
#ai_journalism #TV_industry
#Artificial_Intelligence_Journalism_for_Research_and_Forecasting

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is the current and developing environment in which changing technologies and trends such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are changing the way governments function. Governments are increasingly facing new risks and opportunities due to the advancement of the 4IR. Governments need to find ways to adapt to the 4IR. Innovation is a prerequisite for adapting to the 4IR. The aim of this article is to determine the level of public service delivery innovation (SDI) in South Africa in the context of the 4IR. The analysis in this article is based on secondary data and documentary analysis, including unsolicited government documents, reports and legislation, and authoritative scholarly literature. A number of innovation measures for improved service delivery have been adopted in South Africa. These efforts are not, however, embedded within the wider public service, and efforts to improve SDI should be considered. In a global environment of resource constraints and constant change, open governance through multi-stakeholder collaboration may present strategic opportunities to facilitate innovation. The aim of these initiatives is to enhance transparency and accountability, and to facilitate public service delivery and citizen participation

ABSTRAK
Artikel ini membahas pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia berwawasan literasi baru di perguruan tinggi dalam menjawab tantangan era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Tantangan era ini sangat kompleks yang mengharuskan perguruan tinggi mengimplementasikan literasi baru (literasi data, literasi teknologi, literasi manusia) yang menjadi pelengkap literasi lama (membaca, menulis, berhitung). Artikel menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi pustaka ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia berwawasan literasi baru. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di perguruan tinggi berwawasan literasi baru sangat strategis menjawab tantangan Revolusi Industri 4.0. Implementasi literasi bisa dilakukan dengan penguatan literasi data, literasi teknologi, dan literasi manusia yang dilaksanakan dengan memanfaatkan TIK, Sistem Pembelajaran Daring Indonesia (SDPA), hybrid/blended learning atau online, unit khusus lifelong learning perguruan tinggi yang secara khusus memberikan layanan lifelong learning, kuliah jarak jauh dengan pemanfaatan teknologi. Selain meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa pada materi kebahasaan, literasi baru meningkatkan keterampilan menulis dan berbicara berbasis data dan teknologi. Literasi baru menjadi ruh mahasiswa dalam menulis karya jurnalistik, karya ilmiah, dan karya sastra. Implementasi literasi baru sangat ditentukan dosen Bahasa Indonesia yang harus memiliki kompetensi digital, menciptakan pembelajaran kreatif dan berpikir kritis, serta berbasis online. Kata

ABSTRACT
This article discusses learning about Indonesian literacy with new literacy in universities in response to the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. The challenges of this era are very complex, requiring universities to implement new literacy (data literacy, technology literacy, human literacy) that complements old literacy (reading, writing, arithmetic). The article uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study method aimed at describing new literacy-oriented Indonesian language learning. The results of the study show that Indonesian language learning in new literacy-oriented universities is very strategic in responding to the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The implementation of literacy can be done by strengthening data literacy, technology literacy and human literacy carried out by utilizing ICTs, the Indonesian Online Learning System (SDPA), hybrid / blended learning or online, special life-long learning units of tertiary institutions that specifically provide life-service long learning, distance learning with the use of technology. In addition to increasing students' understanding of linguistic material, new literacy improves data and technology-based writing and speaking skills. Literacy has only become a student spirit in writing journalistic works, scientific works, and literary works. New literacy implementation is very much determined by Indonesian language lecturers who must have digital competencies, create creative learning and critical thinking, and be based online.

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, businesses are adapting to the use of digitalisation which requires the digital transformation of their existing business models. However, there is limited empirical research on this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is twofold: (i) to develop a framework for businesses to digitally transform their business models and (ii) to examine literature in order to identify and analyse the constructs underlying the three concepts of Digitalisation, Digital Transformation and Business Model Innovation. The study is qualitative in nature and is based on a narrative review. Relevant articles were identified by using international bibliographic databases and scrutinised using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that the first two constructs require digital capabilities and a digital strategy. The third construct requires digital transformation in the realm of customer-centricity, resources, processes and profit. A set of propositions wa...

Resumen. El transhumanismo es un movimiento filosófico que propone el Mejoramiento Humano (Human Enhancement) como medio para lograr un estado evolutivo más fructífero del Homo Sapiens al que denomina Transhumano. En el presente documento a modo de recuento y contribución teórica del pensamiento transhumanista se responderá primero a la pregunta qué es el Transhumanismo, así como se definirán los conceptos propios de su filosofía; y segundo, se planteará cuál es el proyecto que posee.

Palabras clave: transhumanismo, posthumanismo, human enhancement, tecnología, futurismo, filosofía

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto contribuir a la reflexión y debate contemporáneo sobre el papel del derecho en el contexto de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial y más concretamente esbozar posibles premisas y principios para la consideración de una nueva política legislativa adaptada a la nueva realidad que trae consigo la digitalización y automatización de funciones y procesos económicos y mercantiles. El ecosistema económico global, informático y cibernético está haciendo surgir una nueva sociedad y un nuevo concepto de mercado que requieren replanteamientos institucionales y modos diferentes de abordar sectorialmente las cuestiones y soluciones de carácter jurídico.
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to contribute to contemporary reflection and debate on the current role of Law in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and, more specifically, to outline possible guidelines for the consideration of a new legislative policy adapted to the new reality that brings with it the digitization and automation of functions and economic and commercial processes. The global economic, cybernetic and computer ecosystem is bringing about a new society and a new market concept that require institutional rethinking and different ways of dealing with legal issues and solutions.
Keywords: Digital Revolution, Fintech, BlockChain, Regtech, Legaltech, Smart Contracts, Crypto-economy, Token

La más reciente edición del Foro Económico Mundial en Davos, analizó el
impacto transformador, disruptivo y sin precedentes de la cuarta revolución
industrial en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad global, cuyo tejido empresarial experimentará tasas exponenciales de transformación; afrontará el progresivo desplazamiento de su masa laboral por tecnologías inteligentes, e incorporará nuevos modelos operativos y de negocios.

Como Bolivia tiene una economía dependiente del comportamiento de
variables exógenas, se hace pertinente identificar las implicancias económicas, sociales, medioambientales y políticas de estos fenómenos mundiales, que por sus características intensivas en tecnología amplían cada vez más la brecha entre países desarrollados y los de ingresos medios.

Finalmente, se plantea un piso mínimo y universal de acceso a Internet como una opción de política pública que permitiría desarrollar un nuevo tipo de potencial y valor agregado en los servicios tecnológicos; así como, un proceso de alfabetización tecnológica para todos los bolivianos; esperando que ambos procesos, puedan ayudar a enfrentar con mayores capacidades y certezas el futuro vertiginoso que se avizora

The world is currently amidst a technological transformation that will fundamentally change the way we live and work. It is difficult to predict precisely how this transformation will impact different industries and countries. However, we know that this transformation is unlike anything we have seen before due to the sheer pace and breadth of these changes. Many see these changes as an ushering of new era of growth, change and opportunity. The ramification it brings for manufacturing firms is forcing nations and governments to re-evaluate how the manufacturing industry operates and contributes to economic growth. Nations are now increasing their focus on developing advanced manufacturing capabilities by investing in high-tech infrastructure and quality education. These are done by facilitating the transformation of the manufacturing industry and its firms, advancing to the next technology frontier and raising their economic wellbeing. The manufacturing industry has made some progress in recent years on materials, waste management, recycling and energy efficiency initiatives. However, it has not attained the same level of progress on product design and manufacturing processes which can help facilitate better use of materials. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) changes the global landscape of manufacturing competition, reducing the relative competitive advantage of low-cost regions that rely on cheap labour. Nations and manufacturing firms that lead in embracing Industry 4.0 technologies and processes will gain over global competitors. This competitiveness hinges on the ability to transform by responding to market shifts and technology trends. The transformation of the manufacturing industry, through Industry 4.0, is also in line with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs). This paper will explore how the 4IR is changing environmental sustainability in emerging cities, shining a light on existing and future opportunities for these cities to harness innovation for sustainable outcomes. The impact of the 4IR on urbanisation development in Malaysia refers to a set of highly disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, block chain and 3D printing, that are transforming social, economic and environment ecosystems and putting huge pressure on leaders and policy-makers to respond.

The history and the future of water resource management as well as the endeavours that it influences are inextricably woven into the fabric of the past, current and future states of all life on our watery planet. From the first Earth Day in 1970 and the founding of the International Water Resources Association (IWRA) in 1971 to the development of modern biotechnology applications and alternative energy sources across subsequent decades, this paper reflects on these and other historical underpinnings of how we manage the use of our essential water resources now and might hope to in the future.

A new industry called FinTech has emerged within the financial system as of 2008. FinTech promotes a paradigm shift which does not rest as much on products or services being provided as on who provides them, and how are they provided. It is not by chance that such developments, which encompass both new services (i.e. BlockChain, cryptocurrencies or smart contracts) and new players, is taking place in parallel with Internet and mobile devices developments. There is a factor that is common to all such developments: the intensive use of computer technology and the speed and security of information flows. It is somehow ironic that when dealing with financial and technological globalisation, both national lawmakers and the international financial institution framework have so far failed to regulate emerging technologies and commercial issues. The goal of this paper is to provide a reflection on the new digital technologies that are changing the financial system, and to critically examine any feasible approaches to regulatory policies that are able to comprehend and supervise such developments.
, Fourth Industrial Revolution, FinTech, RegTech, Financial Markets, Electronic Finance, BlockChain

The reality of a radically changing world is beyond dispute. The notion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is a heuristic key for the world of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, quantum computing, big data, the internet of things, and biotechnology. The discussion of emerging technologies and the Fourth Industrial Revolution highlights urgent questions about issues like intention, function, risk, and responsibility. This publication stimulates further reflection, ongoing conversation, and eventually the production of more textured thinking. The conversation with technology and with thinkers on technology, holds the promise of a certain fecundity, the possibility to see deeper into human evolution, but also, may be, into the future of humankind.
Contents:
Chapter 1 - Technology and theology: Finding the real God - LCH Fourie
Chapter 2 - Close encounters of the fourth kind: A theological essay about new technologies - RR Ganzevoort
Chapter 3 - Theologising emerging technologies - R Venter
Chapter 4 - The “Fourth Industrial Revolution”: A case of South African techno-messianism - JH Rossouw
Chapter 5 - From Harari to Harare: On mapping and theologically relating the Fourth Industrial Revolution with human distinctiveness - DP Veldsman
Chapter 6 - What is the shape of future ethics? - AA van Niekerk
Chapter 7 - Towards transforming university pedagogy and curricula for the Fourth Industrial Revolution - F Strydom & H Prinsloo
Chapter 8 - Embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Adaptive changes for sustainable distance theological education - M Naidoo
Chapter 9 - Religious leadership and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Towards a competency framework - IA Nell
Chapter 10 - The impact of emerging technologies on liturgical practices: A thanatechnological exploration - N Matthee & C Wepener

Digital globalization is a new form of globalization. It brings about relevant changes regarding how business is conducted across borders, the flow of economic benefits, and broadening participation. The growth of data and information related to digital globalization determines that global economic, financial, and social connections increase through digital platforms. Covid-19 is causing a shock to the global economy that is proving to be both faster and more severe than the 2008 global financial crisis. If the current crisis is pushing towards deglobalization, at the same time, Covid-19 represents a challenge for digital globalization and the digital transformation of economies. This research contribution examines the process towards digital globalization that is characterizing the world economy, its impact on businesses, consumers, and governments. It also discusses the challenge that the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic is posing to the globalization and digital transformation of economies.

Resumen. El adelanto tecnológico propone nuevas estrategias para resolver diversas dificultades, pero no todos los problemas son tomados por igual. El Transhumanismo considera que las biotecnologías deben ser usadas para ofrecer una mejor calidad de vida a la especie humana a partir del mejoramiento humano. Esta idea también es adoptada por el arqueofuturismo, un planteamiento del sector político conservador, pero  orientado al rescate de la tradición europea y su población étnica. En el documento se expondrá el origen del arqueofuturismo y lo compararemos con el pensamiento Transhumanista y la Extrapolítica.

This paper will observe the interrelations between the emerging Egyptian Pre-University Education Reform – ‘Education 2.0’, and the emerging popularity of the global socio-economic consequences of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Egypt. The World Economic Forum coined the Fourth Industrial Revolution in 2016 after observing the continuous global rise in automation and artificial intelligence and the emergence of varying economic models such as the gig and sharing economy. The current education reform comes after almost half a century of minor changes to the education system that has not been proven to be fruitful. As Egypt faces an unprecedented “youth bulge” and a high rate of youth unemployment, the government intends to make the country globally competitive by enhancing its industrial sectors and simultaneously, overhauling its education system to bridge the skills gap in the labour market. This paper will investigate the 2 key topics – Education 2.0 and the Fourth Industrial Revolution – through the lenses of policy transfer and mobility theories and globalisation. The paper finds an urgent need for the education reform to enable the government to bridge the skills gap between the labour market and the education system outcomes. However, its sustainability is yet to be further examined due to various internal and external factors.