Garbage Collection

Background: Society, as a whole, regards rag pickers as antisocial elements, an embarrassment to the community, and unfits to live. However, their useful contribution to society and ecology is little understood and generally ignored. The waste collected by these women is recycled and produces 25% of the paper, the packing materials, egg trays, plastic and metal household items, etc., used in homes. This benefits the society and world-ecology enormously by the production of cheaper household goods, and the slowing down of the destruction of the already threatened forests.
Objectives: To study the socio-economic condition of women rag pickers in the present-day scenario. To understand the health problems of women rag pickers. To examine the earning, spending and debt patterns of women rag pickers. Methods: The present study is based on primary and secondary data. The primary data have been collected from three towns of Warangal, Karimnagar and Khammam of Telangana State, India and the sample of the study comprised of 100 rag pickers and selected purposively by using a snowball sampling technique. Results: Majority of women rag pickers age group 21-30 years, 80 per cent are married, 74 per cent of illiterates, 50 per cent of scheduled caste, 87 per cent belong to the nucleus family, their family size is 5-7 members and 83 per cent staying at small huts. Nearly 68 per cent of women rag pickers income is below Rs.11,000/ per annum. Eighty per cent are in debt. Fifty-two per cent has drawn loan from moneylenders, the purpose of the debt on medical expenses, 90 per cent means of transportation for collecting garbages on foot. Majority of women rag pickers opinion that they do not continue this job for a long period, 85 per cent are facing health problems and 94 per cent also opinion that rag-picking is not an appreciated job. Most of the hazardous content was quite high in developing countries since the regulatory and enforcement system to control such waste disposal is usually not in operating.

Internet of Things (IoT) can play a major role in keeping the city of Accra clean, greener, more efficient, and safer. This paper proposed a smart garbage collection on the grounds of level of garbage present in the dustbin. This study tries to present a garbage collection management solution based on providing intelligence to dustbin using IoT prototype with sensors. This system would help to maintain cleanness of the streets of Accra Ghana by sending signals through a sensor to a garbage collection unit alerting this unit of the collection of the garbage as and when the dustbins are full. The extreme programming (XP) method was used in building the system which uses ultrasonic sensors placed in the lids of the bins to detect the garbage level and compare it with the garbage bins depth. The system makes use of AVR family microcontroller, LEDs, a SIM800L GSM/GPRS Module and was powdered by a 12V transformer. It was found out that the use of this system assisted in identifying places or areas where garbage bins are full for collection and disposal. It was also found out that waste management companies that adapted the use of this system were achieving their goals of collecting bins at the right time as compare to companies that were not making use of such technology. It was concluded that waste management companies using the system perform better in terms of picking up bins that were full due to the signals received at any point in time which has made in Accra Ghana a community without garbage bins over flowing with rubbish.

This paper examines and analyses the historical development of Zimbabwean towns and cities with a view to tracing and understanding policy directions, urban spatial development trends and other factors such as population dynamics that may have led to the development of the present-day urban settlements in the country. The paper observes that whilst pre-colonial cities existed during the golden age of the Munhumutapa dynasty and empire, these had no influence on the modern town and city because they were too distant and their experiences had long been lost by the time the colonial town was introduced in the country, some four centuries later. Furthermore the paper observes that whilst policy may easily be changed or even reversed, it is a near impossibility to do the same with the spatial physical developments such as buildings and infrastructure – roads, water reticulation, sewerage reticulation and treatment works, railway lines, telecommunication lines and power lines. As a result...

O presente artigo analisou as circunstancias que levaram a cidade de Antofagasta, capital da Segunda Região no Chile, a uma situação crítica de saúde ambiental e conflito socioambiental. Se analisam as consequências
de como um má gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) na cidade durante anos, derivou numa crise de saúde pública com presença e aumento de casos de cólera y norovirus. A partir dos fatos surgem movimentos sociais que procuram uma mudança estrutural da gestão do lixo, contrapondo os interesses do poder público. A pesquisa articulou a informação obtida de um levantamento bibliográfico de documentação cientifica, jornalística e a entrevista em profundidade de informante chave, que faz parte dos movimentos sociais aqui mencionados. A discussão pretende ser um aporte com uma visão diferente, a solução de um conflito que ainda esta em curso, dando tanto uma mirada crítica da situação como prática para as propostas, desde uma visão ecológica e social.

Smart cities integrate multiple mobile or websolutions to build a comfortable human habitation. One of these solutions is to provide an environmentally friendly, efficient and effective garbage management system. The current garbage collection system includes routine garbage trucks doing roundsdaily or weekly, which not only doesn't cover every zone of the city but its completely inefficient use of government resources. The proposed system, where admin manage the garbage app for full online based mointoring and analyze the system. Her admin handle bins, driver, complaints from user and work report from driver. This paper proposes a cost-effective mobile or web based system for the government to utilize available resources to efficiently manage the over whelming amounts of garbage collected each day, while also providing a better solution for the inconvenience of garbage disposal for the citizens. This is done by a driver, app will provide predictive and guide routes generated through for garbage trucks. Then driver update the status of work done will be data collected. An android or web app is developed for the work force and the citizens, which primarily provides the user create complatints available smart bin. I.

Lebanon has witnessed in 2015 a severe trash crisis that had serious health and environmental impacts. Trash crisis has recently evolved, and is mostly related to inefficiency in networking, political leadership, and strategic management system and information flow. Trash crisis can be avoided with effective crisis management plan and waste management strategies. The latter is gaining broader attention , especially in the developing countries, with waste management being not well implemented. Until now, no studies have been conducted to measure and evaluate the impacts of the garbage crisis on the Lebanese tourism industry, which is a main income generator sector. Therefore, this research seeks to examine how tourism organizations, especially hotels as main producer of solid waste, are managing their waste to reduce the impacts of the crisis and to understand visitors' perceptions of solid waste management strategies adopted by hotels. 18 hotels' managers in Beirut were interviewed and 124 questionnaires were filled by hotels' guests, who were randomly selected in different areas of the capital. Results revealed that large hotels tend to effectively manage their solid waste which allowed them to overcome the crisis with minimal negative impacts. For the majority of respondents, selecting hotels is not primarily influenced by the implementation of solid waste management strategies. Moreover, results showed that 46% of respondents have hesitated to visit Lebanon during the crisis.

This paper focuses on the evaluation study of door-to-door Garbage Collection (DDGC) program carried out by the Centre for Social Studies, Surat in 2005. The study was based on the information gathered from 4000 respondents drawn from a cross section of society and interviews with the respective officers, contractors and labourers. It also examined the process of actual transfer of solid waste from the generator to the collector and people’s attitude and perception regarding practices of garbage collection and disposal. [Working Paper No.7].

Since benchmarks drive computer science research and industry product development, which ones we use and how we evaluate them are key questions for the community. Despite complex run-time tradeoffs due to dynamic compilation and garbage collection required for Java programs, many evaluations still use methodolo-gies developed for C, C++, and Fortran. SPEC, the dominant pur-veyor of benchmarks, compounded this problem

Après trois décennies d’une longue déliquescence des services municipaux dans la prise en charge des déchets dans l’espace public, les villes camerounaises de Garoua et Maroua ont vu arriver, avec un certain enthousiasme, la société Hysacam. Première institution à reconnaître, en 2008, la collecte des déchets et l’entretien des espaces publics comme une profession à part entière, méritant salaire et protection sociale sur le long terme, l’entreprise a tenté d’opérer le renversement d’un stigmate historiquement bien implanté dans la région. L’auteure revient sur les enjeux politiques, économiques et sociaux de cette privatisation de la gestion des déchets.

Plastic waste which is increasing day by day becomes eyesore and in turn pollutes the environment, especially in high mountain villages where no garbage collection system exists. A large amount of plastic is being brought into the tourist trekking regions are discarded or burned which leads to the contamination of environment and air. Hence, these waste plastics are to be effectively utilized. Low-density polyethylene bags are cleaned and added with sand at particular percentages to obtain high strength bricks that possess thermal and sound insulation properties to control pollution and to reduce the overall cost of construction; this is one of the best ways to avoid the accumulation of plastic waste which is an on-degradable pollutant. This alternatively saves the quantity of sand/clay that has to be taken away from the precious river beds/mines. The plastic waste is naturally available in surplus quantity and hence the cost factor comes down. Also coloring agents can be added to the mixture to attain desired shades. Hence in this thesis, an attempt is made to study regard the properties of the brick which is manufactured using plastic wastes. The present work deals with the manufacturing and analysis of bricks made with waste plastic (LDPE) and fine aggregates. The bricks produced are light weight, have smooth surface and fine edges, do not have cracks and have high crushing strength and very low water absorption. The bricks are manufactured by heating waste plastic to temperature range of 120 to 150 degree centigrade and mixing sand to the molten plastic. I.

The objectives of this background paper are to review past and current experiences in community-based solid waste management and its integration into the formal government system of solid waste management. Many projects have been funded by various organizations, donors and the Government of Indonesia (GOI) and the successes of these in terms of economic benefits and improved environmental health, and for the GOI, will examine. This paper will cover the following aspects: a) information relating to market potential for recycled goods and compost; and b) trends over time and the costs and benefits of changes. Chapter two provides a brief overview of the respective roles played by the formal and informal sector service providers. In chapter three, a chronological presentation is given of the significant initiatives that have facilitated community-based involvement in solid waste management in Indonesia. Chapter four identifies the success and failures, provides an overview of the lesso...

This study aims to examine Mamak Garbage Area and the residents in that neighbourhood within ecophobic discourse in terms of analysing why and how they have become the target of ecophobic psyche. Garbage areas in general constitute elemental bodies combining natural elements and human influences since these areas are human-made natural storage yards. Moreover, junkyards reflect the relationship between human and nonhuman encounters. However, when disastrous results are experienced, human beings simply blame nature itself for the wrongdoings of the human practices. Furthermore, ecophobia is also targeted towards the human bodies residing in the garbage areas and depending on garbage for their living. Moreover, similar to wild nature, those human bodies are also excluded from the civil order, contributing to the discursive deep clash between nature and culture.

VIP Dumpster Rental of Austin Texas believes that solid waste management is a problem in our society. The problem becomes worse in areas where there are high concentrations of humanity like Austin. Urban centers come to mind when we look at the challenge. The volumes of garbage produced each day by families and industrial setups have become a significant threat to our environmental habitation (Dunlop, R.E 1991). In light of the enormity of the challenge that the waste collection and disposal poses, it is important that those of us who are environmentally conscious find mechanisms to help alleviate the situation. The team at VIP Dumpster Rental Austin Texas are committed to finding creative solutions to eliminating the chaotic situation.

Java is a strong player in the application server market and thus the performance of its virtual machine is an important aspect of a server's performance. One of the components that affect the performance of a JVM is the memory manager, which also includes the garbage collector. Modern virtual machines offer a multitude of options for tuning the memory manager, which can have a significant impact on server application performance. In this paper, we examine the effect of tuning the garbage collection in an application server ...