Grid connected PV system

Renewable based power generation is rising rapidly due to high energy demand and carbon issues. Partial shading effect of the PV system leads to a significant reduction of the energy yield and quantity of reduction is depending on the geometry of shading effect. The incremental conductance and integral controller are used in this paper to display the maximum power point in the PV device. During bad weather conditions, insulated PV systems do not have enough power to supply the consumer. The key suggestions of this paper are to use the deficient power needed for the PV system through grid and to fed the PV system surplus power to the grid. The new control mode is used to monitor the PV current that uses two control loops for feedback. The current mode control system is a scheme for regulating electronic DC-DC power converters. On a PV system using MATLAB/SIMULINK a complete model of 100KW grid connected solar photovoltaic system using current mode controlled two-level three-phase VSC.

The integration of distributed generation like solar and wind are increasing nowadays due to fossil fuel reduction and increased carbon emission. Many integration issues arise of connecting Solar PV to the grid out of which power quality is the important factor. Higher PV injection causes undesirable technical impacts on the distribution networks which leads to power quality issues. This paper studies the impact of PV on the power quality of the utility grid with different levels of penetration of solar energy into the grid. The power quality of the grid is studied using the Total harmonic distortion (THD) by performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. This paper deals with the development of controllers for boost converter and grid tied inverters which minimizes the harmonics due to solar PV system and power converters in grid connected PV system. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for boost converter and Hysteresis current control (HCC) for inverter has been designed and implemented in grid connected PV system. The hysteresis current controller for the inverter has been specifically designed to reduce the THD of the system meeting IEEE519_1992 regulations. The simulation model of the grid connected PV system has been designed in MATLAB 2018b version. The comparison studies are carried out in the PV system with and without hysteresis current controller, after which it can be concluded that, after the incorporation of the hysteresis current controller, the performance of the system is better in terms of power quality.

The photovoltaic nowadays occupies a considerable part in the production of renewable energy in the world, this dominance is mainly due to the simplicity and availability of this source around the world. In this work, we study different architectures PV connected to the networks and make comparisons between them, this study aims to make diagnostic and analysis to choose the best effective, powerful and simple topology can be adopted as the optimal configuration PV fields. We finish this study by simulating different models to validate our observations and results, and offer some perspectives.

Abstract— Grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems feed electricity directly to the electrical network operating parallel to the conventional source. This paper deals with design and simulation of a three phase inverter in MATLAB SIMULINK environment which can be a part of photovoltaic grid connected systems. The converter used is a Voltage source inverter (VSI) which is controlled using synchronous d-q reference frame to inject a controlled current into the grid. Phase lock loop (PLL) is used to lock grid frequency and phase. The design of low pass filter used at the inverter output to remove the high frequency ripple is also discussed and the obtained simulation results are presented.

— This brief proposes a new maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system using the concept of double integral sliding mode controller (DISMC). Performance of a sliding mode controller (SMC) is greatly influenced by the choice of the sliding surface. A double integral SMC uses double integral of tracking voltage error term in its sliding surface to eliminate steady-state error apart from providing robust control actions in face of system uncertainties. However, there is still difficulty of increased chattering and slow transient response in DISMC. In this brief, the objective is to exploit the merits of the DISMC for designing an MPPT for PV system whilst the disadvantages of chattering and slow transient response are alleviated by choosing a new sliding surface. The design of this new DISMC-MPPT system considers the uncertainties in weather conditions and variations in load. This MPPT has been implemented using a pulsewidth modulator controlled dc/dc converter to keep the switching frequency constant. Thus, designing the control and filter circuits becomes simpler. The effectiveness of the proposed DISMC has been validated using simulation and experimental results using a prototype PV control system setup. Index Terms— Maximum power point (MPP), MPP tracker (MPPT), proposed double integral sliding mode controller (DISMC)-MPPT, prototype photovoltaic (PV) control system, PV system, sliding mode controller (SMC).

As the renewable energy became essential and competitive source of energy, new simulation models are needed to help comparing the feasibility of using renewable energy sources with the grid and discuss its connection and energy optimization problems in a simple and clear way. This thesis presents a number of models for modelling, simulation and control of a photovoltaic system, equipped with battery and inverter to be connected to AC loads directly or to be synchronized with the electric network. The models are realized in Modelica, in order to create a useful library that compare the technical issues related to PV systems in connection with the grid and also can be integrated with similar Modelica models developed in the future. After an introduction to describe the problem, explain the work motivation and discussing the basis of modelling of each component, the approximations done were explained and justified in order to give a reasonable balance between the modelling details and computational time. Some simulation examples were applied and commented to justify the results and confirm the objectives of the models were achieved.

The increment of electricity demand in last few years and the wide difference between generation and load, led to support the national grid with additional generations, solar power is becoming most popular in generation sector because it is clean, inexhaustible, dependable and available in all sizes in addition of its capital cost is continuously decreases. It has also become more efficient since the power conversion efficiency of converters devices and photovoltaic solar cells has increased. This work proposes a design of 1MW grid connected Photovoltaic system under Iraq climate condition. The work contains a studying the solar radiation estimations, system technical design, system losses estimations, environmental impact, performance and economic evaluations for this system. From the obtained results, it was found that the city has good solar radiation to build PV systems in large scales, the estimated energy produced about (1757.8 MWh) produced in the first year and reach to 40,445 MWh for the total life cycle with performance ratio varied between 86.4% to 73 % and average capacity factor 19.83%. The system the system will save about 27794 tons of CO2 emission during total life. The financial analysis shows that the levelized cost of energy is around 0.0289 $/kWh which is economically feasible.

The prospective spread of Electric vehicles (EV)
and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles arises the need for fast
charging rates. High required charging rates lead to high power
demands, which may not be supported by the grid. In this paper,
an optimal power flow technique of a PV-battery powered fast
EV charging station is presented to minimize the operation cost.
The objective is to help the penetration of PV-battery systems
into the grid to support the growing need for fast charging of
EVs. An optimization problem is formulated along with the
required constraints and the operating cost function is chosen as
a combination of electricity grid prices and the battery
degradation cost. In the first stage of the proposed optimization
procedure, an offline particle swarm optimization (PSO) is
performed as a prediction layer. In the second stage, dynamic
programming (DP) is performed as an online reactive
management layer. Forecasted system data is utilized in both
stages to find the optimal solution for the power management. In
the reactive management layer, the outputs of the PSO are used
to limit the available state trajectories used in the DP and,
accordingly, improve the system computation time and
efficiency. Online error compensation is implemented into the DP
and fed back to the prediction layer for necessary prediction
adjustments. Simulation and experimental results are
successfully implemented to validate the effectiveness of the
proposed management system.

The current work made during my professional practice is related to the solar energy, specific in grid connect solar systems, these are systems which generates electricity from the solar radiation becoming of the sun, and the generate electricity is pump into the grid of CFE (Comisión Federal de Electricidad in Spanish).
This kind of systems have no enough difumination, that’s the reason it is consider that are three factors that contribute to delay its difumination:
• Low incomes
• Lack of financial credits
• Lack of technical data
The current work is focus in making a document that collects all the experience acquire in the company SAYCE solar engineering, that will allow to futures students to have a tangible reference and a physical document that concerns to grid connected solar systems.
This work will describe the operational method to grid connected solar systems.

Recently, solar energy is considered as the most promising renewable energy source, due to the availability and advancement of the solar technologies. This paper presents an extensive energy, economic and environmental analysis of 2.04 kW p of polycrystalline (p-Si), 2.04 kW p of monocrystalline (m-Si) and 1.86 kW p of amorphous on microcrystalline (a-Si/μc-Si) identical PV systems installed on the rooftop of 20 different institutional buildings, located in various Moroccan sites. Based on the analysis conducted, annual results are predicted with respect to hourly meteorological data and performance characteristics of each technology are examined using energetic, economic and environmental indexes (3E analysis). Daily simulation results were compared with actual recorded data for one of the geographical site (Meknes city) and good matching between simulated and recorded data has been achieved to prove its validity. The energetic analysis has shown that poly-Si modules surpassed the mono-Si and amorphous-Si modules in terms of performance, capacity factor and conversion efficiency. Besides, economic analysis has been conducted to determine the discounted payback period and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for 20 Moroccan cities and the results have shown that p-Si, m-Si and a-Si/μc-Si offered the 20-city average of 17.1, 21.6 and 28.6 years payback period, respectively. Moreover, LCOE has been determined for each city and the results reveal that p-Si, m-Si and a-Si/μc-Si types PV modules presented the average of 9.02, 10.13 and 12.53 cent€/kWh, respectively. Finally, the environmental analysis has revealed that average of 1.316, 1.286 and 1.051 tons of CO 2 per kW p can be reduced by adopting the p-Si, m-Si and a-Si/μc-Si PV modules in the studied locations. The findings confirm the potential of the examined technologies and elucidate specific conclusions for the practice of such systems under Morocco's climate.

Electrical energy consumption has been increasing in recent years and the technology moves towards On-Site power generation for mainly to reducing the transmission losses and gaining some benefits such as high reliability, modularity, high power quality. But unfortunately due to uncontrolled use of individual DG units can cause various problems thereby compromising their benefits. To improve performance the micro grids in integrated with main grid or standalone operations by using an efficient controllers and with high efficient converters/inverters. The paper introduces a residential micro grid with a new topology. These paper proposes i) a DC-DC converter along with regenerative clamping circuit, ii) Constant current controller for grid integrated power generation, iii) Constant voltage current controller standalone DG units. The residential grid performance is evaluated under grid connected and islanding conditions and performance is evaluated by using MATLAB tool.

El presente proyecto se enfoca en realizar el dimensionamiento y la elaboración de una propuesta de diseño para la implementación de un sistema fotovoltaico (SFV) interconectado a la red para suministrar energía eléctrica para el bombeo de agua en una instalación residencial con la finalidad de aumentar el consumo de energía eléctrica que proviene de una fuente renovable mediante paneles fotovoltaicos y así reducir el consumo de la red eléctrica.

Para su desarrollo, se va a diseñar un SFV con un arreglo de módulos interconectados para alimentar el sistema de bombeo a partir del dimensionamiento de la demanda y la energía que se requiere en la instalación, el SFV será integrado con el sistema bombeo hidráulico mediante un circuito eléctrico para contribuir con energía eléctrica a la vivienda alimentada por la red, satisfaciendo la demanda de energía durante la operación de las bombas e inyectando los excedentes a la red.

Adicionalmente, el sistema eléctrico será diseñado para incorporar los mecanismos de control y protección correspondientes, cómo fusibles, pastillas termomagnéticas y el cableado, para asegurar la correcta operación del arreglo fotovoltaico con el inversor de corriente para soportar los cambios de temperatura del medio ambiente.

The aim of this study was to evaluate a performance analysis of a 50 MWp solar plant connected to the medium voltage electrical grid installed in the Saharan environment of Nouakchott, Mauritania. This study is done in two seasons characterizing the climate of Nouakchott, then in three typical days based on the measurement data that are obtained from the site of the installation. The measurements were collected daily, to improve the performance evaluation, real-time measurements with a step of 10 seconds for solar irradiation, ambient temperature, module temperature, wind speed, and electrical parameters. The performance evaluation was done based on the IEC 61724 standard to study the comportment of the power plant during different weather conditions. The total energy produced by the plant in May 2020 dry season is 10.559 GWh. However, the total energy produced in November 2019 wet season was 8.132 GWh. Besides, the energy injected by the plant into the grid was for a clear day 263.87 MWh, while for a cloudy day was 118.41 MWh, while it was 39.81 MWh for a sandstorm day. The results showed that temperature and irradiation play an important role in the performance of the system.

Bu makalede, fotovoltaik (PV) panel, DC/DC
dönüştürücüler, Maksimum Güç Noktası Takibi (MPPT),
lityum-iyon akü ve PID kontrolcüler içeren ve çıkışta sabit bir
DC gerilim elde etmek amacı güden bir fotovoltaik sistemin
tasarımı ve simülasyonu üzerinde durulmaktadır. İlk olarak
genel sistem modellenmiş ve bu tür sistemlerin simülasyonu
için geliştirilmiş MATLAB/Simulink-SimPowerSystems aracı
ile benzetimleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. MATLAB programında
yaygın olarak kullanılan standart doğrusallaştırma yöntemleri,
bu şekilde doğrusal olmayan bir sisteme yönelik kontrolcü
tasarımında yeterli değildir. Çünkü sistemde DC/DC
dönüştürücülerin anahtarlaması için PWM sinyalleri
kullanılmakta ve bu da MATLAB tarafından
doğrusallaştırılamayan bir yapı oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle
sistem giriş/çıkışlarının simüle edilmesine dayalı alternatif bir
yöntem kullanılmıştır. Tasarlanan PV sistemi, değişken
sıcaklık ve ışınım düzeyleri ile simüle edilmiş, sistem
performansı ve verimliliği değerlendirilmiş ve tasarlanan
kontrolcülerin farklı atmosferik koşullarda maksimum güç
noktasında PV panelini çalıştırma, sabit bir çıkış DC gerilimi
sağlama ve panelin ürettiği ve yükten arta kalan güçle aküyü
şarj etme konusunda yeterli olduğu görülmüştür.

Diversity of energy sources become an imperious need for
the sustainable energy utilization and provision of alternative
sources to fossil fuels. The rapid growth in renewable energy
uses encouraged numerous to invest and research in different
fields of renewable energy. Using of Photovoltaic (PV)
technology to generate electricity was one of the most
advanced technologies that attracted the attention of
companies and researchers to focus on especially in the
applications that touch people’s life. In this study, off-grid
PV system was suggested as an alternative source supplying
electricity to a typical household located at latitude (30.5 ̊ N)
and longitude (47.8 ̊ E) in the capital Baghdad, Iraq. The
electrical power consumption compared with the electricity
providing by the national grid using design and simulation
software (sunny design. 3). The electricity demand of the house
was estimated based on the daily electricity usage in summer
season, assessed taking the cost of electricity and
the environmental impact into considerations. The outcomes
demonstrated that the PV system can handle more than
(77.3%) of the apartment electricity within a year, while, the
rest electrical shortfall compensates using Genset system (local
diesel generator). Moreover, the generated CO2 emissions
from traditional electrical power source was reduced to
approximately (22.7%) when PV technology introduced. The
study also evident the feasibility of using such a system by
comparing the price of total power consumption in kWh/
month with the national grid price for the same power
consumed were was very competitive.

One of the issues of grid-connected photovoltaic systems is the effect of the partial shading on the key parameters and performance of the system. In practice, a share of the entire PV panel may shadded because of the various reasons, inevitably. In this case, the key parameters of the system output are affected with respect to the shading extent and paradigm. In this paper, the effects of the various partial shading patterns on the ouput of the system are examined. This is performed by deriving relevant equations and appropriate modeling of the system and defining different scenarios. The analysis on the system performance is carried out on the dominant output parameters including panel voltage, panel power, and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the inverter. Also, the study considers the effect of using bypass diodes in the panels or not. Addintionally, to compare derived conclusions, the study is implementd on a practical system. The set up is made up of a 7-level multi-level inverter, a Z-source converter, and 1 kW lateral circuitry. The real world test results of the study demonstrate a negligible deviation compared to the simulation results.

This paper presents the complete design of a photovoltaic installation that may be either used for internal electric consumption or for sale using the renewable energy incentive program by the state of Malaysia (SURIA 1000 and so on.). Moreover in this article an economic and environmental study is carried out on PV solar energy installations connected to the Malaysian electrical grid system. The study has been performed on construction situated in the city of Kuala Lumpur (with an average irradiation value approximately equal to 5.4 kWh/m2/d) based on an analysis of the technical and financial viability of a grid connected PV systems. Initially, the study is performed; proposing different scenarios where different values of interest rates and initial costs incentives applied. The following parameters are used to determine the profitability of a PV structure: the Net Present Cost (NPC), Renewable Fraction (RF) and Lifetime. Furthermore, the environmental benefits of PV systems connected to the grid have been evaluated.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5412043

—In this paper a current controller based on H∞ control strategy is proposed for grid connected photovoltaic inverters with an aim to inject clean current into the grid. It consists of an internal model, a stabilizing compensator and a current controller. The repetitive control aids in dealing with large number of harmonics at the same time. The study is conducted with three different test systems and the results obtained are compared with PI, PR and deadbeat controllers. The proposed controller is simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink environment in order to validate its performance. Keywords—voltage source inverter (VSI), current controller, total harmonic distortion (THD), H∞ control, repetitive control (RC).

In this work, an approach to the mathematical modeling and simulation of a photovoltaic cell is presented. Previous work on the Shockley diode equation uses the Fermi – Dirac statistics. In this report, we will use the classical Maxwell Boltzmann statistics. For simplicity, the model considered is the single diode photovoltaic cell model. The Shockley diode equation is first formulated using Maxwell Boltzmann (MB) statistics. A single diode model equation is then derived and simulated. Matlab was used to perform the simulations using looping iterative method. Results that were obtained were identical with the typical single diode photovoltaic cell model current - voltage and power - voltage plots.

The multilevel multi-string inverter has gained much attention in recent years due to its advantages in lower switching loss, better electromagnetic compatibility, higher voltage capability, and lower harmonic distortion. Solar Energy is one of the favorable renewable energy resources and the multilevel inverter has been proven to be one of the important enabling technologies in photovoltaic (PV) utilization. As the number of levels increases, it is important to control more switches in parallel with their concurrent processing capability. This paper proposes an IGBT clamped three phase nine levels photovoltaic inverter topology with a multicarrier dual reference pulse-width modulated (PWM) control scheme. Four carrier waves of the fundamental frequency and different amplitudes are compared with two references (a sine wave and its opposite) for generating the control signals of the switches. Some DC/DC boost converters are used to amplify the voltage produced by the photovoltaic generators. Each of these converters is controlled by an MPPT algorithm in order to track the maximum power point of the GPV. Results of simulation in Matlab environment are given and discussed. Keywords— Photovoltaic (PV) system, multilevel three phase multi-string inverter, IGBT clamped inverter, multicarrier PWM.

The demand for energy is growing day by day in the whole world. The Conventional energy sources like coal and petroleum are limited. Renewable energy resources will play an important role in the future. India is situated in sunny belt India is endowed with vast solar energy potential. Government of India had launched Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) in 2009. The target was to start Grid connected Solar Projects of 20 GW by 2022. In May 2015 government increases the target to 100GW by 2022. This paper provides an overview on solar energy in India. It reviews the current status of solar energy in terms of existing capacity, along with historical trends of solar energy. The paper also focuses on the technical and economical barriers and challenges for development and utilization of solar energy technology. The paper reviews existing government act and regulatory policies to support solar energy development in India. Indicating how these policies are helping in achieving their goals. Finally, a review based on of the future target of solar energy supply has been presented.

This article aims to determine technical-economic viability of on-grid PV market for residential houses in Mangystau region, located in southwest of Kazakhstan. This region of the country was chosen for its favourable location and generous annual insolation. The study considered PV system modules made of local high quality silicon manufactured by «Astana Solar» LLP. A 4.6 kWp-29m2 PV system installed on the roof of a typical cottage house in Aktau city (capital of Mangystau region) was the proposed scenario. Results demonstrate that proposed system may export 6 MWh of electricity to the grid per year. Feed-in-tariff (FIT) of 34.61 KZT/kWh was considered in the analysis as a recently approved policy in the country. An estimated CAPEX of 1 815 665 KZT subject to a 50% subsidy by DAMU Government fund in place, with the remainder 50% taken as a loan with interest rate of 7% were assumed. Results of the Life Cycle Cost Assessment of the project led to an IRR of 21%, NPV of 513014 KZT, and B-C ratio of 1.57. The simple payback for the proposed 4.6 kWp system would be 5.8 years. The effect of using a second-tier bank and a FIT increased in 10 KZT/kWh are also assessed.

In this paper presents a grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system with maximum power point tracking
(MPPT). The Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) has been connected between the dc output of PV system and the ac grid. The
control strategy applied is based on instantaneous reactive power theory (p -q theory). According to this theory during the
sunlight system send active power to grid and same time compensate the reactive power of load and compensate the
harmonics. During no sunlight available system only compensate reactive power of load and harmonics. The applicability
of the p-q theory control method has been verified on the test system using simulation in Matlab/Simulink.

The aim of this study was to evaluate a performance analysis of a 50 MWp solar plant connected to the medium voltage electrical grid installed in the Saharan environment of Nouakchott, Mauritania. This study is done in two seasons characterizing the climate of Nouakchott, then in three typical days based on the measurement data that are obtained from the site of the installation. The measurements were collected daily, to improve the performance evaluation, real-time measurements with a step of 10 seconds for solar irradiation, ambient temperature, module temperature, wind speed, and electrical parameters. The performance evaluation was done based on the IEC 61724 standard to study the comportment of the power plant during different weather conditions. The total energy produced by the plant in May 2020 dry season is 10.559 GWh. However, the total energy produced in November 2019 wet season was 8.132 GWh. Besides, the energy injected by the plant into the grid was for a clear day 263....

This paper proposes a modied three-phase topology of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and its application in grid connection of distributed dc generations. This topology has reduced number of switch counts compared to the conventional MMC, eliminates the problem of circulating current and having higher eciency. A single dc source is required to produce sinusoidal outputs. The number of sub-modules (SMs) in this topology is half of the SMs required in case of MMC, in addition to a single H-bride circuit per phase. This paper presents a finite-control-set predictive current control scheme (FCS-PCC) for the grid connected dc source through the proposed Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter (HMMC). This controller controls the desired real and reactive power demand of the grid instantaneously. The simulation study of a three phase grid connected system has been done in Matlab/Simulink and the results are provided for the di erent real and reactive power demands, to validate the concepts.

This paper presents the simulation performance of control of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system with transformerless inverter. The tested control strategy for PV module is based on Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm, and current and voltage are employed to enhance controllability of the control scheme applied into a dc-dc boost type power converter. A single-phase HERIC (Highly Efficient and Reliable Inverter Concept) transformerless inverter connected as an output to the converter is applied and controlled to feed ac loads.

This study explored the potential of grid-connected solar PV power generation in Ethiopia. Overall, 35 locations were assessed for their technical potential considering a 5 MW PV power plant in each site. Input data sources for the study include the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia and the Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy Dataset of NASA. Both HOMER and RETScreen software were employed in the study. It was found in the study that the average value of PV power plant capacity factor of the different locations considered is 19.8%, and the mean value for the electricity exported to the grid is 8674 MWh/year. Furthermore, economic viability study of a 5 MW PV grid-connected power plant in Addis Ababa area was further conducted. Financial indicators showed that the proposed solar PV system is economically viable, but it may not be sufficiently attractive for commercial investors unless an incentive mechanism is introduced. Further scenario analysis indicated that the upcoming feed-in tariff law for solar PV power generation (which is not yet introduced) may influence the investment decision of the private sector. With the proposed system, up to 7658 MWh electricity can be generated and a minimum of 1089 tons of greenhouse gas emission can be reduced annually.

In order to increase the use of renewable energies, the topic of RE storage is a critical issue. Within the European thematic network INVESTIRE, nine different technologies are evaluated for the storage of renewable energy, either in stand-alone or in grid-connected applications. In this paper, the strains put by a PV application on a storage function are defined with reference to existing systems. Furthermore, the way different storage technologies can answer these needs is evaluated. The technologies assessed are lead/acid, lithium systems, double-layer capacitors, nickel systems, electrolyser/hydrogen storage/fuel-cell associations, flywheels, redox flow batteries, compressed air and metal-air systems. The analysis will allow the assessment of hybridising possibilities and of future RTD goals.

Modern scientific advances have enabled remarkable efficacy for photovoltaic systems with regard to the exploitation of solar energy, boosting them into having a rapidly growing position among the systems developed for the production of renewable energy. However, in many cases the design, analysis, and control of photovoltaic systems are tasks which are quite complex and thus difficult to be carried out. In order to cope with this kind of problems, appropriate software tools have been developed either as standalone products or parts of general purpose software platforms used to model and simulate the generation, transmission, and distribution of solar energy. The utilization of this kind of software tools may be extremely helpful to the successful performance evaluation of energy systems with maximum accuracy and minimum cost in time and effort. The work presented in this paper aims on a first level at the performance analysis of various configurations of photovoltaic systems throug...

For future planning and development of smart grids, it is important to evaluate the impacts of PV distributed generation, especially in densely populated urban areas. In this paper we present an integrated platform, constituted by two main components: a PV simulator and a real-time distribution network simulator. The first simulates real-sky solar radiation of rooftops and estimates the PV energy production; the second simulates the behaviour of the network when generation and consumption are provided at the di↵erent buses. The platform is tested on a case study based on real data for a district of the city of Turin, Italy.

The multilevel multi-string inverter has gained much attention in recent years due to its advantages in lower switching loss, better electromagnetic compatibility, higher voltage capability, and lower harmonic distortion. Solar Energy is one of the favorable renewable energy resources and the multilevel inverter has been proven to be one of the important enabling technologies in photovoltaic (PV) utilization. As the number of levels increases, it is important to control more switches in parallel with their concurrent processing capability. This paper proposes an IGBT clamped three phase nine levels photovoltaic inverter topology with a multicarrier dual reference pulse-width modulated (PWM) control scheme. Four carrier waves of the fundamental frequency and different amplitudes are compared with two references (a sine wave and its opposite) for generating the control signals of the switches. Some DC/DC boost converters are used to amplify the voltage produced by the photovoltaic gen...

The photovoltaic (PV) cells are highly sensitive to temperature variations. The linear variation of PV cells with operating temperature could lead to the loss of conversion efficiency and permanent damage of PV material. To address this critical issue, while improving the performance of solar photovoltaic system (SPVS) during the operating period, the deployment of a proper cooling system is a prime requisite in the design process. Considering this, two new and cost-effective cooling techniques are proposed in this study, which can improve efficiency and increase the life of the PV panel. The first technique is the active cooling design with water. The proposed design enhances the access to PV cells to maximize cooling. The second one is an improved passive cooling technique that uses fins mounted on the backside of PV module. This further reduces the temperature by increasing the heat dissipation. Additionally, a third PV module without any cooling system is deployed as a reference margin. The techniques have been experimentally evaluated and a recommendation is made in order to reduce the temperature variation across the PV panel.

Growing energy demand and environmental consciousness have re-evokedhuman interest in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. This work is focused on the modelling and simulation studies of the dynamic behaviour of a grid connected photovoltaic system. The model is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink with the SimPowerSystems Block Set. This work also presents the results of a comparative study referred to the characteristics of two types of inverters like half bridge and full bridge inverter. Finally, normal and faulty conditions of the photovoltaic generation, especially in the case of grid failure, were simulated and commented. The simulation of the system is developed for testing control algorithm before a real-time implementation.