Kalisz

The article is dedicated to the analysis for how did khorezmians go to Hungary, their important role in the
political and economic life of Hungary in the X-XIII centuries and medieval sources from the XIX to the
beginning of the XXI century.
Key words: Khorezm, Eastern Europe, Hungary, Khazaria, Bulgaria, Abu Khamid Garnati, Arpad dynasty,
Yanosha Christmas, Chjeglediy, Magyars, al-Larcia, kuuns, Salames, khvalis, Tuna, kalis, kvaliz, khabar,
khovar, Nitra, Pilis, Vezsprem, Somogi, Zala, Chalisen, Samuel Aba

Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja procesu powstania oraz przybliżenie i zinterpretowanie charakteru kompleksowych projektów urbanistycznych sporządzonych dla Częstochowy i Kalisza na przełomie XIX-XX wieku przez oficjalne organy administracji rosyjskiej i władze magistrackie. Poprzez zgromadzenie materiału do analizy porównawczej, analizy kartograficzne i szkicowe rekonstrukcje obu planów generalnych miast – projektujących wielkomiejski rozwój wspomnianych ośrodków – tekst ma rozpocząć na nowo refleksję o urzędowych planach regulacyjnych dla miast Królestwa Polskiego tego czasu. Stąd, artykuł przyjmuje perspektywę komparatystyczną, zarówno wobec samych planów, jak i w odniesieniu do dyskursów o urbanistyce i polityce zarządzania miastami nad Wisłą w tym czasie. Wychodząc od analizy historycznej obu projektów, kulisów ich przygotowania, procedur i okoliczności, autor prezentuje różnorodne perspektywy badawcze, dotyczące tych zapomnianych projektów rozwoju obu miast.

The Orthodox Churches in the City of Łódź and in the Region of Łódź in the Interbellum (1918–1919). S  u  m  m  a  r  y: In this book, the author focuses primarily on the legal and administrative conditions of the Orthodox churches in the city of Łódź and in the region of Łódź in the interbellum (1918–1919). The terms “Łódź and the region of Łódź”, the author relates to Łódź as the capital of the interwar Łódź Voivodeship, as well as the several urban centres in this area, in which, before 1914, the Orthodox churches were built, namely: Piotrków Trybunalski, Kalisz, Łęczyca, Tomaszów Mazowiecki. In the narrative author invokes other buildings of Łódź Voivodeship and from the outside areas. The main aim of this study was to analyse the legal acts, regulating the functioning of the Orthodox Church in Poland and an indication of the manner of their implementation on the central level (Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education), and on a lower level – Voivodeship, district, city. The character of those legal acts was temporary. The proper legislation came into force in years 1938–1939. For these reasons, the efforts of local authorities often contrasted with the policy of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education. In this perspective, the author discussed the history of particular buildings, namely The Orthodox Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Łódź, the All Saints Orthodox Church in Piotrków Trybunalski, in which the authorities decided of the further functioning of the pre-war parishes. The St. Olga Orthodox Church and The Dormition of the Virgin Mary Orthodox Church in Łódź – both retained in the estate of the Orthodox Church (from 1918 to 1939 a poorhouse and a school for member of the Orthodox Church was attached to the former, while the latter was serving as a cemetery chapel). The St. Alexius Metropolitan of Moscow Orthodox Church – from the beginning of 1919 adapted for an Roman-Catholic garrison church. The Cathedral of St. Apostles Peter and Paul in Kalisz – demolished in the second half of 1928 and the Orthodox church of the same dedication, built in Kalisz in the years 1929–1931. At last The Church of St. Nicholas in Tomaszów and Łęczyca – both demolished, the former in March of 1925, the latter in the years 1935–1936. The first extensive chapter of this thesis is devoted to the history of the buildings of the various churches, which took place – with the exception of the first of the Orthodox churches in Piotrków – between suppression of the January uprising, and the outbreak of the First World War. The circumstances of construction, with an indication of the patronage of the tsarist authorities, funders and locations of the new Orthodox churches (central place with unique compositional values). On the grounds of references to the statistical data (amounting to up to a few percent Orthodox community: soldiers, civil servants and their families), as well as architectural covering of the Orthodox church temples, the author presented their attributed role, videlicet the russification of urban landscape and the impact of propaganda on both, city dwellers and foreigners. As a result, in the independent times of The Second Polish Republic, the buildings were treated as a symbol of Russian domination, oppression and repression of the Polish population. Despite such a negative attitude of the Polish authorities, the author proved, on the basis of the collected reference material, that in the majority of the cases, decisions concerning the Orthodox churches were made in the majesty of the law of that time in pursuit of meeting the needs of the members of the Orthodox Church. The authorities decided to liquidate the cathedral in Kalisz, but the materials from the demolition was allocated to the construction of the new Orthodox church and the authorities also supported this construction financially. The authorities of Tomaszów Mazowiecki paid high compensation for the Orthodox Metropolitan in Warsaw, due to the demolition of the local Orthodox church, the same manner of authorities’ action was applied in Łęczyca. Additionally, the materials from the demolition, as well as the majority of the Orthodox liturgical utensils were secured. Furthermore, despite the small number of the faithful, two parishes were initiated (Łódź, Piotrków) and in the subsequent years the branch of parish in Łódź (Kalisz). There was also no demolition of the Orthodox churches in Łódź (despite the taking over of The Orthodox Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and liquidation of the onion domes – this building to this day is a sign of the Orthodox provenance) which makes this city unique. Православные церкви Лодзи и Лодзьского воеводства в межвоенный период (1918–1939). Р  е  з  ю  м  е: В этой работе автор сосредоточился, прежде всего, на правовых и административных условиях которых находились православные храмы города Лодзь и Лодзьского воеводства в ежвоенный период (1918–1919).Под понятием «Лодзь и Лодзьское воеводство» автор понимает Лодзь как столицу Лодзьского воеводства межвоенного периода, а также несколько городов находящихся поблизости от Лодзи, в которых до 1914 г. были построены православные храмы, а именно: Петркув-Трыбунальски, Калиш, Ленчица, Томашув-Мазовецки. В работе указаны и другие объекты как из Лодзьского воеводства, так и находящиеся за его пределами. Основной целью работы был анализ правовых актов, характеризующихся неоднозначностью и временностью, регулирующих функционирование Православной Церкви в Польше и указание способа их реализации на центральном уровне (Министерство духовных дел и народного просвещения), а также на нижних уровнях – воеводства, области, города. С этой точки зрения, автор обсуждает судьбу отдельных объектов. Церкви св. Александра Невского в Лодзи и церкви Всех Святых в Петркуве-Трыбунальском, при которых власти, в начале 20-х годов, решили продолжить функционирование довоенных приходов. Церкви св. Ольги и церкви Успения Пресвятой Богородицы в Лодзи – обе содержала в своих имениях православная церковь (при первой в 1918–1939 гг., как и перед I мировой войной, действовал приют и школа для православных, вторая церковь была кладбищенской часовней). Церкови св. Алексея Митрополита Московского, здание которой с начала 1919 г. было превращено в римско-католический гарнизонный костел. Собора св. Апостолов Петра и Павла в Калише, который был снесен во 2-й половине 1928 г. и церкви св.св. Апостолов Петра и Павла, построенной в Калише в 1929–1931 годы и, наконец, церкви св. Николая в Томашуве и св. Николая в Ленчице – снесенных, первая в марте 1925 г., вторая в 1935–1936 годах. Православные церкви Лодзи и Лодзьского воеводства в межвоенный период (1918–1939). Первую обширную главу автор посвятил истории воздвижения отдельных храмов, что произошло (за исключением первой из церквей в Петракове) в период между подавлением январского восстания и началом I мировой войны. Обсуждены обстоятельства строительства, с указанием патронажа царских властей, указаны основатели и места расположения новых церквей (центральные площади с уникальными композиционными достоинствами). Ссылаясь на статистические данные (макс. несколько процентов православной общины: солдаты, чиновники и их семьи), а также архитектуру храмов, автор показал роль, приписанную им, а именно руссификацию городского ландшафта и пропагандистское влияние как на городских жителей, так и иностранцев. Таким образом, уже в независимой Польше церкви считались символами русского господства, угнетения и репрессий в отношении к польскому населению. Несмотря на столь негативное отношение польских властей, автор доказал на основе собранного исходного материала, что, в большинстве случаев, судьба православных церквей была решена согласно тогдашнему закону: власти решили ликвидировать собор в Калише, но материал оставшийся после сноса был предназначен для постройки новой церкви, инициатива была поддержана и с точки зрения экономии. Правительство Томашува-Мазовецкого заплатило высокую компенсацию митрополии в Варшаве за снос местной церкви, также поступило и правительство Ленчицы. Следует подчеркнуть, что упомянутые церкви были не «разрушены», что является уничижительным словом а «снесены» (материал после сноса был использован, как и церковные принадлежности). Кроме того, несмотря на небольшое количество верующих, возникли два прихода (Лодзь, Петркув), а в последующие годы и филиал Лодзьского прихода (Калиш). Ни одна из Лодзьских церквей не была снесена (несмотря на то, что церковь св. Алексея перешла в другие руки, а лу ковичные купола были ликвидированы, архитектура здания до сих пор сохранила следы православия), что предопределяет уникальность этого города.

JÓZEF JABŁKOWSKI (1891-1961) – OWNER OF THE LANDED PROPERTY IN ŚWINICE KALISKIE – AND HIS FAMILY IN THE LIGHT OF THE MATERIALS OF THE SECURITY APPARATUS

The article presents the documents of UB (Polish communist secret police) regarding Józef Jabłkowski - a representative of the Greater Poland landowners – and his family. After the Second World War, Polish landowners lost their properties as a result of the land reform and were treated as enemies of the state. Those, who did not decide to emigrate or did not get arrested, tried to cope with a new reality. It was especially difficult for them to take up employment. After the war, Józef
Jabłkowski worked, among others, in the banking sector. However, the security apparatus was constantly taking an interest in his activities.

Książka jest zwieńczeniem popularnonaukowego projektu "Chrzest Polski w źródłach archeologicznych", realizowanego przez Stowarzyszenie Naukowe Archeologów Polskich Oddział w Warszawie przy współpracy z Instytutem Archeologii i Etnologii PAN oraz Państwowym Muzeum Archeologicznym w Warszawie.
Projekt miał na celu zgromadzenie wiedzy o tzw. "badaniach milenijnych", a także przedstawić ich wyjątkową rolę w historii polskiej i europejskiej archeologii.

RECORDINGS OF THE KALISZ LAND REGALE OF FOLKLORE (1996)
AS AN EXAMPLE OF A MODERN FOLKLORE DOCUMENTATION
IN THE SCENIC CONTEXT

The article is dedicated to archival recordings from the Kalisz Land Regale of Folklore
made in 1996. The recordings represent an example of a modern folklore documentation in the scenic context. The collection of 12 tapes was digitised and edited in 2016 within the framework of the second phase of the project entitled Polish traditional music  - a phonographic heritage, carried out by the Phonographic Collection of the Institute of Art of Polish Academy of Sciences. The present text can be considered as the trigger for characterising changes that took place, and still do so, in the area of traditional music due to developing cultural-political conditions. Historical and contemporary Kalisz folklore documentation (including newly coming up music publishers) has been described in the article along with the performing context which a kind of festival-contest Kalisz Land Regale of Folklore is. Apart from this, there has been presented a general characteristic of singing groups and bands, such as „Doruchowianie”, „Potarzyczanki” and Kapela „Snutki” („Snutki” Band), Zespół Pieśni i Tańca „Tursko” („Tursko” Song and Dance Ensemble), Kapela Ludowa „Brzeziny” („Brzeziny” Folk Band). Key persons for the region of Kalisz and the development of specific bands (Leon Lewandowski, Józef Marciniak, Bronisław Bazelak and Antoni Chabierski) have also been mentioned in the article. Registered pieces have been characterised in the further part of the text. Emphasis has been put on the character of the material that pictures the marriage of traditional repertoire with the one of folk style or even popular popular provenience.

St Adalbert’s church at Zawodzie in Kalisz was one of the oldest religious foundations in that town. From the mid-19th c. authors writing on the history of the town stressed the antiquity of the church, linking its origins with the legendary stay of St Adalbert in Kalisz. The thesis about the ancient origin of the church and the parish was supported by using a range of sources, interpreted in accordance with the previously made assumptions. In the 20th c. no attempt was made to reinterpret the available written sources, and analyses were based on the dedication of the church and the history of the early settlement.The excavations conducted around the church in 1959 were not properly documented and their results were not taken into account in later publications. However, results of recent excava-tions (2017–2018) prove without any doubt that the church was founded later that it was assumed. A new analysis of written sources has shown that as late as in the 1290s Zawodzie was owned  by the duke while the church was first mentioned in 1292. Archaeological finds indicate that the church was built in the location of a settlement that had still functioned in the 12th c., and the features uncovered can be dated to the 13th c. Written sources contradict the existence of a separate parish in this place, confirming that St Adalbert’s church at Zawodzie was connected with The Holy Virgin parish i Kalisz.

The article attempts to present the history of the rst Orthodox churches in Kalisz. Their creation is connected with the Greek merchants who came to the city in the rst half of the 18th century. The article presents the history of temples built in the city thanks to the initiative of Balkan merchants - the oratory at the Market Square and orthodox church of St. Athanasius of Alexandria at St. Stanislaus Street. The history of the orthodox churches of St. George and of apostles St. Peter and Paul have only been signaled. The text is enriched by the source publication - a contract for the purchase of a house at the Market Square, intended for oratory.

W artykule omówiono propozycje metodologiczne przydatne w badaniach nad historią architektury, zaczerpnięte z tekstów z kręgu Teorii Aktora-Sieci i zwrotu ku rzeczom we współczesnej humanistyce. Bazując głównie na publikacjach Bruno Latoura i Albeny Yanevej, autor przedstawia koncepcję postrzegania procesów projektowania, budowania i użytkowania budynków zakładającą nieustanną zmienność relacji i odniesień między ożywionymi i nieożywionymi aktorami. Procesualna analiza historii architektury, jak pokazują przykłady m.in. kaliskich budowli wiązanych z architektem Józefem Chrzanowskim (1844-1915), może oferować nowe i wartościowe poznawczo pytania oraz koncepcje badawcze.

https://journals.iaepan.pl/khkm/article/view/2814

Celem  artykułu  jest  prezentacja  informacji  o  prywatnych  księgozbiorach zgromadzonych przez mieszkanki Kalisza i ziemi kaliskiej w latach 1808-1866. Podstawę źródłową  stanowią  inwentarze  majątku  sporządzane  w  związku  z  postępowaniem spadkowym przechowywane w Archiwum Państwowym w Kaliszu, w zespole Kancelarie Notarialne w Kaliszu.

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie wszelkich informacji dotyczących kaliskiej parafii
ewangelicko-augsburskiej  które  ukazały  się  na  łamach  „Zwiastuna  Ewangelicznego”
w latach 1863-1914. W pracy wykorzystano roczniki periodyku znajdujące się w Śląskiej
Bibliotece Cyfrowej, Wielkopolskiej Bibliotece Cyfrowej oraz POLONIE.

The  article  presents  all  information  about  the  Evangelical-Augsburg  parish  in  Kalish
published  in  „Zwiastun  Ewangeliczny”  between  1863-1914.  The  paper  was  based  on
yearbooks of the periodical kept at the Silesian Digital Library, Greater Poland’s Digital
Library and POLONA.

In this article, medieval sources about Khorezmians living in Eastern Europe, as well as research and articles from the 19 th to the beginning of the 21 st century have been studied and thus the role and importance of Khorezmians in the political and economic life of medieval Eastern Europe have been analyzed.

[EN] The article broadens and complements the known biographical data about Roman Statkowski (1859–1925), an outstanding Polish composer and teacher of composition born in Szczypiorno near Kalisz and educated in St. Petersburg Conservatory.
Based on, among others, record files and old newspaper resources, the article straightens a series of erroneous information repeated in dictionaries and encyclopedias. It is an attempt to establish a reliable chronology of the composer's biography and works. It presents several less known or completely unknown characters from the closest surroundings of Statkowski, including his father Julian Statkowski (1814–1874), participant in the November Uprising, official and pioneer of Polish cooperative movement, mother's relatives (Witanowski and Pietraszewski families) and father's cousins (Wincenty Statkowski ca. 1818-1864), composer's close friends as Lucjan Koll (1859 -1907) and Emil Młynarski (1870–1935) and representatives of St. Petersburg Polish diaspora: recipients and addressees of dedications of Statkowski's musical works (including Anatol Hinita-Piłsudski, a relative of Marshal Józef Piłsudski).

[PL] Artykuł poszerza i uzupełnia dotychczasową wiedzę na temat życia i twórczości Romana Statkowskiego (1859–1925), utalentowanego kompozytora i wybitnego muzycznego pedagoga urodzonego w Szczypiornie.

Na podstawie m.in. akt metrykalnych i źródeł prasowych prostuje szereg błędnych informacji powtarzających się w słownikach i encyklopediach. Jest próbą ustalenia wiarygodnej chronologii przebiegu biografii kompozytora i przybliżonego wydatowania jego utworów. Przedstawia sylwetki kilku mniej znanych lub całkowicie nieznanych postaci z najbliższego otoczenia Statkowskiego, m.in. jego ojca Juliana Statkowskiego (1814–1874), uczestnika powstania listopadowego, urzędnika i pioniera polskiej spółdzielczości, krewnych ze strony matki (rodziny Witanowskich i Pietraszewskich) i ze strony ojca (Wincenty Statkowski ok. 1818–1864), bliskich przyjaciół Lucjana Kolla (1859–1907) i Emila Młynarskiego (1870–1935) oraz przedstawicieli Polonii petersburskiej: adresatki i adresatów dedykacji utworów muzycznych (m.in. Anatola Hinita-Piłsudskiego).

Monastery of the Lateran canons in Kalisz is one of the most significant monuments of medieval architecture in both the city and the whole region. In the current state of research, it has been emphasized that its present shape probably hides two medieval buildings. However, the building has never been the subject of wider analyzes. The aim of the text is to present the results of architectural research carried out in the years 2016–2017, which covered all the facades, in order to recognize the transformations and determine the conclusions for conservation and restoration works. Consequently, eight main construction phases were distinguished. Originally the building was half shorter and slightly taller than it is today. As soon as in the Middle Ages, it was expanded towards the west. The new part, however, was given a completely different articulation. Its most characteristic element were double, narrow blinds with small window openings on the first floor. In the second quarter of the nineteenth century its function was changed into a rectory, and most of the openings were then rebuilt. The former monastery has survived in this condition to this day.

Rekonstrukcja stanu zabudowy miasta Kalisza w granicach z 1906 roku,
na rok 1914. Kolorami oznaczono poszczególne typy zagospodarowania:
żółtym: budynki mieszkalne/usługowe; pomarańczowym: budynki usługowe / czerwonym: budynki miejskie lub rządowe / fioletowym: obiekty przemysłowe / różowym: obiekty o funkcji sakralnej / granatowym: obiekty wojskowe / ciemnozielonym: tereny zieleni publicznej / Kolorem czerwonym - w postaci linii - oznaczono granicę miasta.

Ponadto oznaczenia cyfrowe i robocza legenda w prawym dolnym rogu.

Rekonstrukcja na podkładzie planu miasta i okolic z 1934/1938 roku
ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej w Warszawie. ZZK 24 011-24 016. Oprac. Makary Górzyński.

Nazwy ulic wg stanu z lat 1934>.

W artykule przedstawiono testament kaliskiego Greka Dymitra Simo Szymanowskiego. Dokument ten stanowi cenne źródło do poznania osoby Szymanowskiego oraz wspólnoty greckiej zamieszkującej Kalisz. Ten szanowany obywatel miasta Kalisza, kupiec oraz społecznik w akcie ostatniej woli uczynił liczne zapisy na rzecz miejscowych instytucji społecznych i religijnych.
.