Kirchenrecht

У статті наведено результати дослідження правосуб’єктності релігійних організацій, виявлених їх особливостей, а також викладено пропозиції щодо вирішення проблем, які виникають при практичній реалізації релігійними організаціями своєї правосуб’єктності. Встановлено, що спеціальна правосуб’єктність релігійних організацій передбачає, що діяльність таких організацій
визначаться і обмежується метою їх створення. Обґрунтовано, що релігійні організації можуть володіти на праві власності різним майном, у тому числі культового характеру, а також отримати таке майно у користування. Водночас проблема повернення церкового майна чи виплати за нього справедливої компенсації залишається актуальною. Саме тому на рівні держави необхідно розробити чіткий план, що передбачав би ґрунтовний аналіз майна, яке підлягає поверненню релігійних організацій, із зазначенням конкретних часових рамок повернення або виплати компенсації.

Despite the renewal of the study of the Decretum Gratiani and the great interest shown by scholars in its early manuscript transmission over the past decade, the glosses have been widely neglected. The paper tries to fill this gap by reviewing the existing literature and by analyzing the earliest manuscripts of the Decretum Gratiani. The study has led to the following new conclusions and hypotheses: First, the layout of the early Decretum Gratiani manuscripts seems to be less differentiated than the one of the contemporary Bolognese manuscripts of Roman law. Second, the division of the pars prima and the pars tertia into distinctiones and the clear numbering of the distinctiones, the causae, and the quaestiones in the margins developed together with the emergence of standardized allegations. Third, the overwhelming majority of the glosses in the first recension manuscripts Aa and Bc reflect the second recension of the Decretum Gratiani. Fourth, the glosses of Fd, Aa, Bc, and Pf have their own profile, for instance with or without allegations of Burchard of Worms and the Lombarda. Fifth, some new glosses commenting the first recension have been identified in Aa and Bc and indirectly in P. Sixth, it seems that the great number and proportion of allegations among the glosses characterize the early manuscripts of the second recension and not yet the first recension. Seventh, at first the decretists were mainly concerned with developing and structuring the text and only later, when the second recension had been finished, with glossing the text. Eighth, the edition and analysis of the glosses to D.1-8 in Aa, Bc and Pf prove the necessity of including the allegations into the study of the Decretum Gratiani because they are often logically linked to the surrounding discursive glosses and notabilia, anticipate the future development of the glossing or illuminate contemporary summae of the Decretum Gratiani. Ninth, while some early glosses, including allegations, influenced the glossing of the Decretum Gratiani up to the Glossa ordinaria, others were eliminated at an early stage, thus reflecting an alterity and originality of the early glosses in the third and sometimes fourth quarter of the 12th century which had not been valued by previous research. Tenth, whereas lexical, text-critical, suppletive and explicative glosses, corrections, quotations and notabilia had been widely used in the Early Middle Ages, the formalized allegations in the books of Roman and Canon law were the crucial invention of the 12th century that differentiates this glossing from the previous one and that generated an organic growth of the glosses into extremely dense apparatus.

Artículo publicado en la revista "Seminarios" de los ministerios en la Iglesia en el año 2003. El artículo expone los diferentes elementos que configuran este problema complejo en relación con la admisión a el ministerio ordenado o a la vida consagrada.

Introducción. 1. El derecho natural a la defensa, un derecho fundamental y sustancial. 2. Contenidos del derecho a la defensa en el proceso penal administrativo. 3. Dimensión estática del Ius defensionis en el proceso penal administrativo. 4. Dimensión dinámica del Ius defensionis en la fase previa al proceso penal. 5. Dimensión dinámica del Ius defensionis en el proceso penal administrativo. Conclusiones.
Introduction. 1. Natural right of defense, a fundamental and substantial right. 2. Content of the right of defense during an administrative penal process. 3. Static dimension of Ius defensionis during the administrative penal process. 4. Dynamic dimension of Ius defensionis before the penal process. 5. Dynamic dimension of Ius defensionis in the administrative penal process. Con- clusions.

Resumen: De la complejidad estructural de la Iglesia Católica y la vasta diversidad de sus entidades se deduce la necesidad de que los sujetos de la autoridad eclesiástica competente, entre ellos el Obispo diocesano, dispongan de instru-mentos que les permitan acceder, de una forma lícita y objetiva y para el ejercicio de sus funciones de gobierno, a la información concerniente a las entidades que actúan en el territorio de las Iglesias particulares. Partiendo de los criterios clasificatorios de la diversidad de entidades, en este artículo se intenta delimitar los parámetros y contenido del instituto de la vigilancia, en su sentido amplio y estricto, para terminar realizando una propuesta de instrumentos que pueden servir al ejercicio de este derecho-deber por parte del Obispo diocesano como sujeto de autoridad eclesiástica competente.
Palabras clave: Derecho de asociación, asociaciones, fundaciones, vigilancia, régimen eclesiástico, entidades religiosas, criterios de eclesialidad.
Abstract: As complex as the Catholic Church’s structure is and as diverse as its entities are, it is necessary for ecclesiastical competent authorities such as the diocesan bishop to have tools which legally and objectively allow them to access information about the entities related to Particular Churchs, in line with their government duties.
Drawing on the qualifying criteria of the variety of entities, this paper aims to define the parameters and the content of the monitoring organism in its widest and most narrow sense, so as to eventually suggest tools that can be necessary for the diocesan bishop to exercise this right and duty as the ecclesiastical competent authority.
Keywords: right of association, associations, foundations, monitoring, ecclesiastical system, religious entities, ecclesiastical criteria.

Acknowledgements / Preface / Contributors / Abbreviations
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Stefan Cankov
The principal difficulties in conducting Ecumenical council
***
In his article “The principal difficulties in conducting Ecumenical council” prof. archpriest Stefan Tsankov substantiated exposed his position on this current issue for the Orthodox Church. Very precisely outlines the various aspects related to the problem and shares the opinions of the other theological writers worked on this issue. Prophetic are the words spoken by him at the end of the proposed study, where he share opinion that it is prudent to seek not so much to convening and holding of Ecumenical council, but for the common Orthodox (Pan-Orthodox) council. An event, that should happen in this (2016) year and where decisions should be taken on a number of pressing theological questions. Thanks to the research of prof. archpriest Stefan Tsankov Bulgarian theological science has its fundamental contribution to the exposed church issues.

La cuestión sobre la celeridad de los procesos de nulidad matrimonial no es una novedad. La doble conformidad pro nullitate fue un problema estudiado por la doctrina desde la promulgación del CIC de 1917. Esta preocupación por la celeridad fue constante antes, durante y después del Concilio Vaticano II, y en el Sínodo de los Obispos. Esta inquietud estuvo presente también en la primera fase de reforma codicial y en las Procedural Norms, de 28 de abril de 1970. Como consecuencia de ello, el MP Causas matrimoniales de 1971 emanó el processus brevior contenido en el CIC de 1983 y en la Instr. DC. Este processus brevior sigue parcialmente vigente en el MP Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus, junto con el nuevo procedimiento abreviado.
The question about the celerity of the proceeding for the nullity of marriage is not a novelty. The dual compliance pro nullitate was a problem studied by the Doctrin, since the promulgation of the CIC of 1917. to the MP CM of 1971. This solicitude for celerity was constant before, during and after the 2nd. Vatican Council and in the Synod of the Bishops. This consideration was present too during the 1st. phase of the reform of the Code and in the Procedural Norms of 28. April 1970. Following this, the MP Causas matrimoniales of 1971 decreed the same processus brevior contained in the CIC of 1983 and in the Instr. DC. This processus brevior has a partial validity in the MP Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus, against the new briefer process.

french: Dans l’Église catholique actuelle, les conciles provinciaux, régionaux et nationaux font figure de parent pauvre, tant comme évènements concrets de la vie ecclésiale que comme objet d’étude des ecclésiologues et canonistes. La situation est telle que c’est à se demander si le concile Vatican II a été véritablement reçu dans ce domaine des institutions délibératives et consultatives supradiocésaines. Si un certain flou a entouré cette conciliarité/synodalité après 1965, le droit canon de 1983 n’a pas eu pour conséquence un grand engouement pour ces conciles dit « particuliers ». De plus, à côté de rares démarches suivant formellement le droit canonique, plusieurs processus nationaux ont eu lieu, parfois durant de longues années. Sont bien connus par de multiples publications les processus des années 1970 en Europe, particulièrement dans le monde germanophone (ce qui était alors les deux Allemagne, Suisse, Autriche). Or des démarches analogues ont eu lieu en Asie et dans une mesure moindre en Afrique et en Amérique latine, dans les années 1980, 1990, 2000. Ces processus allient de manière très créative conciliarité et collégialité.

Con la reciente Ley 13/2015, de 24 de junio, de Reforma de la Ley Hipotecaria aprobada por Decreto de 8 de febrero de 1946 y del texto refundido de la Ley de Catastro Inmobiliario, aprobado por Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2004, de 5 de marzo, se ha suprimido el sistema de inmatriculación de la Iglesia mediante certificación de la autoridad eclesiástica competente.

Bei der Umnutzung eines kirchlichen Gebäudes stellen sich verschiedene Rechtsfragen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird dargestellt, was im Bereich des staatlichen Sachen-, Bau-und Denkmalschutzrechtes zu beachten ist und ebenfalls, welche innerkirchlichen Normen und Empfehlungen von Bedeutung sind.

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit Synoden und „Parasynoden“. Im deutschen Sprachgebiet spricht man lieber von „synodale Prozesse“ als nicht-kirchenrechtliches Pendant der Synoden. Nach einer Vorstellung der Diözesansynoden seit dem Konzil als Recto der synodalen Praxis der Teilkirchen (1), werden als Verso die Parasynoden mit zwei Untertypen analysiert (2). Als Schluß des Beitrags werden einige wichtige theologische Forschungsfragen über der Synodalität vorgestellt (3).

Betreffend das Steinkreuz von Reinprechtspölla wurde die unzutreffende Meinung vertreten, es handle sich dabei um einen germanischen Opferstein. Seitens des Verfassers wurde diese gänzlich unbegründete Ansicht zurückgewiesen und dazu die dürftige Überlieferung aufgezeigt.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of legal regulation of issues related to the protection of cultural heritage and the transfer of cultural property across borders. It is also to determine the role and place of customs authorities of Ukraine in the implementation of measures to restore church property. The study explores international standards in the field of preservation of cultural monument and heritage of the peoples of the world and compares of the state regulatory in the national legislation of Ukraine. The procedure and conditions of export – including temporary – cultural property from the territory of Ukraine have been clarified. Subjected to the comparative analysis of the terminology contained in international and national legal sources on these issues.