Labour Studies

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Araştırma 8-15 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Türkiye çapında DİSK üyeleri arasında yürütüldü. Araştırmanın yürütümünde ayrıca DİSK üyesi
sendikaların uzman ve yöneticileri de rol aldı.
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formu oluşturuldu. Soru formu DİSK üyesi işçilere telefon üzerinden gönderildi ve anketi online olarak doldurmaları istendi. Anket uygulaması tekstil ve lastik sektöründe üye sendikalar tarafından elden gerçekleştirildi. Anket formları temsilciler aracılığıyla işçilere ulaştırıldı ve toplandı.
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Arastırma Koordinatörü: Doç. Dr. Aziz Çelik

Veri analizi ve yayın hazırlık: Doç. Dr. F. Serkan Öngel, Deniz Beyazbulut, Zeynep Kandaz

Arastırma hazırlık: Doç. Dr. M. Hakan Koçak, Tonguç
Çoban, Dr. Özgün Milliogulları, Ergün Iseri, Hasan Aktas,
Tevfik Günes, Üzeyir Ataman, M. Dilan Kıran, Ece Göktürk,
Eda Demir

Eighteenth-century Britain saw the emergence of a new poetic genre, the “work” poem which took various forms of labor as its subject and was often written by laborers themselves. Several of these working class poets found their lives transformed due to the success of their verse (Stephen Duck most famously), but most faded into literary obscurity. However, a substantial body of “work” poems was produced by a diverse group of poets throughout the century, each manifesting divergent concerns and attitudes about the experience of work. This chapter assesses the formal connections uniting this poetic genre, particularly the frequent use of such literary devices as ironic distancing, litotes, and mock-georgic description. Instead of solely classifying “work” poems on the basis of their subject matter, this chapter demonstrates that such poetry (indeed the genre itself) lends itself to sophisticated literary techniques often associated with other poetic genres. In this fashion the full measure of eighteenth-century working class poetry can be evaluated more fairly, particularly by analyzing the formation of a new genre designed expressly by the poets themselves. The chapter ultimately seeks to demonstrate the connectedness, rather than the alienation, of working class poetry to the eighteenth-century British poetic tradition.

La conflictividad laboral no puede ser comprendida solamente a partir de datos cuantitativos, aun cuando se reconozca la utilidad que presta en la investigación y en los estudios sectoriales sobre la materia. El contexto actual de las relaciones laborales requiere de una comprensión del fenómeno del conflicto mucho más profunda. Se propone una revisión del concepto de conflictividad, incorporando en su estudio variables cualitativas e instrumentos que hoy día están a disposición de los investigadores del área de la administración y los recursos humanos. Se sugiere una metodología mixta, tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa para el estudio de la conflictividad, apoyándose tanto en datos de conflictividad como en el análisis de esta.

Abstract

This article focuses on the Supply Chain Law Initiative in Germany (SCLI)/Initiative Lieferkettengesetz as a case of global justice advocacy. The SCLI was a campaign by German civil society organizations that advocated for a law that would make it mandatory for corporations active in Germany to respect human, labor, and environmental rights along their supply chains. This research explores the strategies for advocacy used by the SCLI in the process of effective law-making. It also investigates the role of the SCLI in the context of global labor solidarity. The research results show that although this new law has some shortcomings in terms of international human rights standards, it has achieved partial progress as one of the most successful examples of alliance building between unions and civil society organizations in Germany. The SCLI has brought about a paradigm shift from voluntary towards mandatory due diligence. This experience can be carried one step further to accomplish a supply chain law at the European Union level. The authors argue that the SCLI experience opens up a new stage for rethinking the structural dilemma of unions in Germany in choosing between global solidarity and national corporatist social partnership.
Keywords: global justice; advocacy strategies; trade unions; Germany; supply chains; social movement unionism; social partnership

co-author: Simon Norbert Schmid

Labour law is generally conceived of as private law. Yet from its very inception labour law includes elements of public, and perspectives of public law have influenced private law developments over time. This contribution addresses such issues in a Norwegian context.

Nelle scienze economico-sociali una messe crescente di studi ha tematizzato negli ultimi decenni cause e conseguenze della recente diffusione del lavoro precario, analizzando il fenomeno come intrinsecamente legato alla natura della società post-fordista e all’evoluzione del sistema capitalistico nell’ultimo trentennio. Adottando una prospettiva storica e di genere, la precarietà del lavoro costituisce tuttavia un fenomeno di lungo periodo, che ha contraddistinto, pur in forme e dimensioni differenti, tutte le fasi del capitalismo industriale, compreso il periodo fordista, e per certi aspetti persino l’età preindustriale. Il lavoro femminile costituisce un osservatorio privilegiato per comprendere come l’instabilità e la precarietà del lavoro abbiano caratterizzato tutta la storia del capitalismo industriale, compreso il ciclo di grande espansione economico-industriale degli anni Cinquanta e Sessanta considerato come l’epoca della stabilità per eccellenza. La parte iniziale di quest...

Radical feminist analyses have always placed considerable emphasis on the crucial role played by social reproduction for the development of capitalism. Early social reproduction analyses – primarily premised on housework but also more broadly concerned with wagelessness – developed a robust critique of Marxian views that identified processes of value-generation only with the productive sphere, and de facto deployed ‘productive’ and ‘paid’ labour as synonyms.1 Some more recent approaches, by contrast, propose social reproduction as a ‘theory’ (SRT), and deploy the concept in order to focus on how labour is regenerated daily and inter-generationally through private and public institutions in contemporary contexts.2 This second set of studies seem concerned with analysing the circuits of care that reproduce the worker as connected yet distinct to those of capital and value-generation. At the same time, however, they are committed to avoiding what they consider ‘dual theories’, conceptu...

1. Our recommendations help –

A. Entrepreneurs to downsize, right size or close their enterprise without government permission.
B. But, all workers who have been laid off must get PF and Severance Pay (as in Europe and Brazil)

2. Therefore we are AGAINST THRESHOLDS. Entrepreneurs and Workers suffer because of TWO THRESHOLDS.
A. SIZE: Units with 100+ workers suffer many restraints to Labour flexibility. This is disagreeable to Entrepreneurs.
B. DURATION: Only workers who have been employed for over 240 days are entitled to benefits. This seriously disadvantages workers.

We are against all thresholds as they:
i. Encourage small enterprises and not big scale, high technology ones
ii. Encourage employment of non-permanent casual workers; this blocks skill development

3. ALL WORKERS ARE ON THE MUSTER and are entitled to all benefits.

4. When worker is retrenched/laid-off, the benefits over and above PF, Bonus also includes SEVERANCE PAY (as in Europe and Brazil). We have allowed for exceptions in “Seasonal Industries”, but there are certain constraints in this sector too.

5. So now no enterprise gains from being
A. Small and Employing below 100 workers
OR
B. Firing workers before 240 days of Employment are over

6. So hiring contract /casual workers now become less attractive.
     
THEREFORE:
A. All workers hired for non-core jobs must come from a contractor’s firm where this job is a core one
B. All contract workers, no matter where they are currently hired to work, are on the Muster of their parent firm

7. On Dispute Resolution we suggest:
A. One Workers’ Council whose office bearers are elected by universal secret ballot BUT only by those inside the company.
B. Trade Unions can function within but the body representing workers will be the Workers’ Council.

8. Also a Three Tier Dispute Resolution Mechanism is suggested.
A. Workers’ Council, whose office bearers will be internal and elected internally as well.
B. Conciliation Committee, which will have labour representatives.
C. Labour Tribunal.

The time taken at each level is fixed without exceptions.

Bengal in the first half of the eighteenth century was a prosperous and flourishing province, noted for its wealth and manufactures. It was this affluence which induced the contemporaries to describe Bengal in such terms as 'Paradise of Nations', 'the Paradise of India', or 'the realm of Paradise'. It was the same lure of wealth which also brought to the shores of Bengal a host of foreign merchants from far and wide, including a great many Europeans of diverse nationalities. Their travel accounts and descriptions were no less copious in glorifying the land which had 'a hundred open gates to enter...and not one to come away again'.

The wealth of this nation was created of course by the bounteous soil of the region which produced a wide variety of agricultural commodities like rice, wheat and other grains, sugarcane, cotton, opium, indigo, oils of different kinds and vegetables. Other economic products found in abundance were lacca, wax, long pepper, salt and saltpetre. But more than anything else Bengal was then the general storehouse of a wide variety of cotton and silk products not only for Hindustan of the Empire of the Great Mughal, but also for the Kingdom and for Europe itself. The goods so manufactured were not only known for their exquisite fineness and delicacy of workmanship but were also relatively cheap. Bengal's industrial economy during the pre-colonial period compared thus very favourably with that of any nation on earth.

In this chapter, an attempt will be made to study the state of the major indigenous industries during the colonial period. An attempt will also be made to explain the causes of their ultimate collapse. In this connection, the role of the state which could stimulate or inhibit industrial development would be looked into to ascertain the real motive of British rule. Did they create an appropriate climate for promoting and encouraging indigenous industrial enterprises? Was the destruction due to natural causes or was it deliberate? The economic policies of the colonial state in relation to industries need, therefore, also to be looked into to ascertain the total effect of such policies on the domestic manufacturing industries.

Delo, nagrajeno kot najboljše magistrsko delo 2015 MSS, je bilo napisano z namenom spoznati poglede različnih družbenih skupin na položaj mladih na trgu dela, da bi lahko bolje in globlje razumeli stanje, s katerim se mladi na trgu dela srečujejo. Tako obravnava problematiko položaja mladih na trgu dela s štirih vidikov: vidika sociološke znanosti, vidika mladih, vidika države in vidika kapitala. Z uporabo Althusserjevega koncepta ideologije ter z analizo in primerjavo različnih perspektiv in nadalje z razumevanjem ideoloških perspektiv mladih, države in kapitala skozi oči sociološke znanosti raziskovalno delo preučuje, v kolikšni meri je slovenski trg dela podvržen diskurzu in ideologiji neoliberalizma. Predpostavila sem namreč, da so tako kapital kot tudi država in mladi sami na področju trga delovne sile v Sloveniji v veliki meri prevzeli in  ponotranjili neoliberalni pogled na svet.
K raziskavi sem pristopila s petimi različnimi metodološkimi pristopi: teoretski sociološki vidik sem utemeljila na delih Davida Harveyja, Jeremyja Rifkina, Ulricha Becka in Jean-Léona Beauvoisa; vidik mladih sem raziskovala z anketiranjem dijakov in študentov tik pred vstopom na trg dela, vidik kapitala sem skušali zajeti z analizo prostih delovnih mest in intervjujema s predstavniki Gospodarske in Obrtno-podjetniške zbornice Slovenije, vidik države pa sem raziskovala z analizo delovnopravne zakonodaje in ukrepov namenjenih mladim.
Raziskovalno delo je potrdilo moja pričakovanja in ugotovila sem, da so tako mladi, kot tudi predstavniki države in seveda kapitala interpelirani v neoliberalno ideologijo. Tako se delo zaključi s trditvijo, da je prav razumevanje ideologije in neoliberalizma ključno, da bi bili zmožni zapospasti in izboljšati položaj mladih na trgu dela.

This article assesses the job guarantee (JG) from two angles. First, by tracing some of the JG's intellectual origins in the inflationary crises of the 1970s, it questions the contemporary claims about the JG's potential to increase workers' bargaining power. Second, it critiques antiwelfare thinking among JG advocates by showing how their normative claims about the dignity of employment both obscure the centrality of unpaid social reproductive labour to capitalism and could potentially reinforce social welfare cuts and workfare.

Among other factors such as the employer’s willingness and ability to pay employees, as well as the employee’s acceptance rate, the important institutional role played by labour organizations has been identified through existing empirical literature. This paper estimates the impact of union status on wages, while looking to other possible factors of wage determination, specifically, educational attainment levels and the province of residence. The results suggest that union status has a positive effect on wages, and that this effect is both economically and statistically significant. This effect holds even when accounting for educational attainment and province of residence. In addition, the findings also suggest that there is a positive relationship between educational attainment and wage. It is important to note that there are potential issues of endogeneity, such as with unionization itself, as well as omitted variable bias, as it is difficult to include or measure all the possible factors of the union wage effect.

In this thesis I am examining the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA) and Solidarity’s responses to technological changes at the ArcelorMittal (formerly known as Iron and Steel Corporation of South Africa (Iscor)) Vanderbijlpark Plant in the south of the Gauteng province between 1989 and 2012. As part of the restructuring plans of the Apartheid government, Iscor South Africa was privatised in 1989. At that time the plant was also in a process of restructuring, which included technological changes and work reorganisation, the objective of which was to prepare Iscor South Africa and the plant for competing in a global steel market. 

Therefore the subsequent technological changes in the plant were also part of the plant’s positioning in the global competition of the steel market. The ownership of the plant by ArcelorMittal International after 2006 meant that the plant was fully integrated into the global steel market because it became part of the other global plants of the ArcelorMittal International Group in other parts of the world.

Technological changes and work reorganisation led to a massive displacement of workers at Iscor South Africa. For example, in 1988,  Iscor had about 59 000 employees and this number was reduced to about 9 300 employees in 2010.

The key objective of the thesis is to conduct a sociological analysis of trade union responses to the technological changes at ArcelorMittal Vanderbijlpark Plant. One of the discoveries of this thesis is that both trade unions – Solidarity and NUMSA- were not proactive in responding to technological changes at the plant. They argued for more consultation on technological changes, training, and deployment of workers who had been displaced by machines, work reorganisation, and retrenchment packages for retrenched workers. Solidarity, a predominantly white workers’ union, with its skilled workforce did not use its membership’s strategic location at the point of production to help it proactively to respond to technological changes.

On the other hand, NUMSA, a predominantly black union which was part of a vibrant anti-apartheid movement with traditions of grooming worker intellectuals, did not respond proactively to technological changes at the plant.

Even after the wave of restructuring and technological changes of the 1990s to early 2000s, both unions did not move away from a reactive approach towards a proactive approach to production technology. The two unions did not combine reproduction and production issues in their bargaining strategies. The unions were still focusing on wages or reproduction as a strategy of engaging factory owners. Production in the form of technological changes and work reorganisation was not being addressed by the union and yet changes in production processes play a major role in determining the number of workers in a plant and the profile of the workforce as shown in this thesis. 

The reactive responses of both trade unions and a focus on wages is theorised as reproduction reductionism. This means that unions tend to focus on wages and other spheres of income such as politics of ‘upward mobility’ which play a central role in reproducing workers and their leaders. The focus on these issues means that the unions are prioritising reproduction over production. This then leads to management of the plant having free reign in the sphere of production and technological changes.

En “La organización del trabajo en el neoliberalismo avanzado: el caso de Chile”, Luciana Arcanjo, Isabel Garrido y Belén Soto utilizan una técnica estadística multivariante sencilla pero potente (el análisis de correspondencias) con el objetivo de estudiar la diferenciación y la desigualdad social en el mundo del trabajo, logrando construir una matriz de cuatro categorías que nos permitirían profundizar en una estructura de clases – o categorías ocupacionales - adecuada a la especificidad del capitalismo chileno.

The productivity puzzle: The UK’s lacklustre productivity is a challenge at a national and regional level.  The South West appears to have a higher density of firms at this lower end “peak” of the productivity distribution and a thinner distribution than other regions in the UK. Average firm-level productivity is seen as an important determinant in the spatial differences in labour productivity between regions. Hence, it is important to take a firm-level perspective.

Measurement challenges: Approaches to measuring productivity are controversial. To understand productivity growth, a range of factors must be considered. These include regional differences, ecosystems, market competition, inward investment, sector-specific strengths and the implications of wider regime elements, such as taxes, leading to complex questions about appropriate ways to model and measure productivity. At the firm level, prior research suggests that firms only have a partial understanding of productivity and many experience difficulties in measuring it. Specifically, capacity and capability are lacking for analysing productivity performance data, and few firms could describe how productivity matters for wages.

Management practices: There is some evidence that good management practices may have a positive effect on firm-level productivity. Management practices are broadly "what an organisation's managers do: how they plan, deliver and utilise the firm's assets, both human and capital. Characteristics of effective management practices found in high productivity businesses relate to employee decision-making and effort, good strategic leadership, skills development and behaviours associated with growth such as exporting, innovating and continuous improvement.  Moreover, the ability of managers to embrace and adapt to new technology, engage in innovation, and address processes and elements appears to be important.

External support: Support services might benefit firms, increasing the ‘diffusion’ of best practice, equipping businesses with the necessary tools to become more productive. However, barriers to uptake of support services include doubts over the benefits and value of support versus the cost, relationship failure due to the lack of trust in the support and concerns that the assistance will not be appropriate. The concept of business ecosystems is relevant to understand beneficial systemic conditions found in such ecosystems, relating to networks of entrepreneurs, leadership, finance, talent, knowledge and support services.

Since the mid-2000s Vietnam has become an important manufacturing hub in garment and, increasingly, in electronics. However, the expansion of an FDI-dominated, export-oriented manufacturing did not contribute to a genuine national industrialisation process and the weight of manufacturing on GDP has actually declined. Low industrial wages (associated with poor working conditions) have emerged as a structural (rather than transitory) competitive factor for the country’s participation in global production networks.

Labour Market Information Systems serves as a single window that provides all information regarding labour market and which has capability to collect, evaluate and disseminate labour market information to all the stakeholders. It contains qualitative and quantitative information and it collects, analyzes and disseminates information that assists and empowers its stakeholder for correct planning, selection and decision making related to education, career, business requirements, training programs, job search, hiring, government policy and investment strategies.

The identification of Labour Market issues critically rests on the availability of data, information and analysis. Labour Market information and analysis provide the essential basis for Employment and Labour Policy and informs the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies that are better focused and targeted in the dynamic market place.

This document reviews Jamaica’s Labour Market Information Systems and provides insights on gaps and to suggest changes needed so that the LMIS can remain useful, effective and relevant to all stakeholders.
The findings of the review shows that there is a need to strengthen the collection, analysis and publishing of labour market information and intelligence.

Convocatória para inscrições no Grupo de Trabalho: Abordagens etnográficas contemporâneas sobre paisagem: naturezas e culturas na América Latina. XIII Reunião de Antropologia do Mercosul – 22-25 de Julho – UFRGS – Porto Alegre. ––––––– Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, o conceito de paisagem tornou-se objeto de problematização no que concerne à especificidade – e não universalidade – das representações sobre meio ambiente e sociedade que fundamentam sua origem no ocidente moderno. Diversos autores concordam que a paisagem imaginada como um domínio externo em relação a seres humanos, como “objeto” suscetível a contemplação ou conhecimento, não condiz com a pluralidade e complexidade de sentidos que esta noção envolve ao ser elaborada em contextos socioculturais outros e diversos. Ao trazer luz para diferentes modos de conceber a relação entre seres (humanos e não humanos) e ambientes, ou ainda “naturezas” e “culturas”, o olhar etnográfico permite explorar a partir de novos ângulos a dimensão construída das “paisagens”, suscitando questões sobre gramáticas nativas, epistemologias locais e seu lugar em dinâmicas referentes a processos capitalistas globais. Por este caminho, o presente Grupo de Trabalho visa reunir e colocar em debate olhares e aportes teórico-metodológicos que abordem a noção de paisagem desde uma perspectiva etnográfica, de modo que se torne possível explorar e aprofundar dilemas, tensões e conflitos, assim como saberes, técnicas, experiências, memórias, narrativas e afetos em torno deste conceito. ––– Coordenação: Stella Rodríguez (PPCIS/UERJ), Celeste Rosso (IDAES UNSAM/CONICET), Rachel Paterman (LAARES/PPGSA/UFRJ). ––– Inscrições e mais informações em: ram2019.com.br

Wyzysk pracownika w kontekście pracowniczych praw człowieka oraz ich wpływ na regulacje polskie . Uwagi wprowadzające Prawa człowieka II generacji, a w szczególności prawa pracownicze zaczęły zyskiwać na znaczeniu w wyniku nierówności występujących pomiędzy pracownikami a pracodawcami w okresie industrializacji w XIX w. W tym okresie pracownicy byli narażeni na jednostronne, arbitralne decyzje pracodawców, wyzysk ekonomiczny i brak możliwości dochodzenia swoich praw . Niejako w odpowiedzi na ten stan po II wojnie światowej nastąpił silny postęp w prawie międzynarodowym w zakresie ochrony szeroko pojętych praw człowieka. W kontekście praw pracowniczych formułowano wówczas pewne szczególne uprawnienia, które powinny być zagwarantowane przez państwa w sferze społecznoekonomicznej, takie jak prawo do pracy, prawo do (godziwego) wynagrodzenia za pracę czy szereg uprawnień wynikających z zakończenia aktywności ekonomicznej przez człowieka (prawo do zabezpieczenia społecznego). Wiele z tych postulatów zostało następnie inkorporowanych do krajowych porządków prawnych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytania: 1) w jaki sposób współczesne regulacje międzynarodowe chronią pracownika przez wyzyskiem; 2) jak przekładają się one na krajowe rozwiązania w prawie cywilnym i prawie pracy; 3) czy aktualny stan prawny w tym zakresie jest wystarczający. Niezbędne w tym celu będzie przeanalizowanie
rozwiązań krajowych i międzynarodowych. Na kanwie prawa pracy zjawisko wyzysku występuje zasadniczo w kontekście szeroko pojętego wynagrodzenia za pracę (oraz jego składników), stąd też poniższe rozważania będą dotyczyły nie wyzysku w ogólności, ale we wskazanym zakresie.

Дутчак О. А. Відтворення робочої сили на українських швейних фабриках у глобальних ланцюгах постачання. – Рукопис.
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата соціологічних наук за спеціальністю 22.00.03 – соціальні структури та соціальні відносини. – Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, Міністерство освіти і науки України, Київ, 2019.
У дисертації розроблено теоретико-методологічний підхід до дослідження відтворення робочої сили. За результатами дослідження розроблено концептуальну схему вивчення умов, джерел та структурних чинників відтворення робочої сили в глобальних ланцюгах постачання, здійснено її емпіричну апробацію на основі аналізу відтворення робочої сили на українських швейних фабриках у глобальних ланцюгах постачання. Оцінка умов відтворення робочої сили проведена шляхом експлікації матеріальних та темпоральних ресурсів для відтворення. Ці ресурси працівники і працівниці можуть отримувати з ринкових джерел, державних джерел, соціальних мереж та шляхом самовиробництва продукції. Умови відтворення робочої сили та здатність працівників і працівниць змінювати ці умови залежать від таких структурних чинників, як особливості функціонування глобальних ланцюгів постачання, економічна динаміка на макрорівні, стан ринку праці, державна політика у сфері трудових відносин і соціального забезпечення та рівень контролю за її імплементацією, характеристики профспілок. Дослідження дає змогу верифікувати евристичний потенціал теорій відтворення робочої сили, режимів контролю праці та концепції робітничої впливовості в перемовинах, а також запропонувати удосконалення до них.
Ключові слова: відтворення робочої сили, глобальні ланцюги постачання, робітнича впливовість у перемовинах, режими контролю праці, соціально-економічна політика, ринок праці, профспілки.

This article is entitled “Temporary Agency Worker: Typical Triangular Employment Relationship”, discusses whether the temporary agency worker in the typical “triangular” relationship should be treated as an employee of the agency or the end-user of their services.
A public survey was conducted and its result is shown in table no 1.

Thereafter, few finding and recommendations are suggested so as to follow by the authority to determine the employment status of the temporary agency worker in the typical “triangular” relationship in Bangladesh.

Emek piyasaları ve çalışma, ekonomik sistemler ve iktisadi yaklaşımların bir nevi muğlâk alanı olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu alana ilişkin kavramsal çerçeve, günümüzde çalışma olarak ifade edilen faaliyetlerin tarihsel dönüşümü ve iktisadi yaklaşımların ekonomiye ilişkin teorik izahatları emek piyasalarının açıklanmasında anahtar öneme sahiptir. Bu çerçevede emek piyasaları, iktisadi yaklaşımların genel ekonomiye ilişkin değerlendirme ve önermelerinden yola çıkılarak analiz edilebilir. Böyle bir çözümleme, günümüzde emek piyasaları ve çalışmaya ilişkin gerçekleşen değişimlerin anlaşılmasına katkı verecektir.
Bu kitapta emek piyasalarına ilişkin kavramsal çerçeve, kapitalizm öncesi üretim faaliyetleri, tarihsel bir perspektifle çalışma olarak ifade edilen faaliyetlerin değişimi, ekonomik sistemler ve iktisadi yaklaşımların çalışma ve emek piyasalarına ilişkin teorik önermeleri ve bunların pratikteki karşılıkları ve nihayet küreselleşme sürecinde emek piyasaları ve istihdamda gerçekleşen değişimlerin ortaya konulması ve eleştirel bir gözle değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

This article examines attitudes and behavior of white-collar employees and professionals towards unions in the framework of post-industrial economy which challenges traditional industrial and manual-based model of unionism. We use data from a 1996 survey of union members and non-members, other surveys and government reports. White-collar employees still have lower rate of union membership than blue-collar workers. However, unionism among some groups of professionals, such as teachers, has grown significantly. Stratification variables and public employment remain important determinants of unionization. Variation in the rate of adherence to unions is inversely related to membership in professional associations.

The Indian IT industry has been regarded as a success of neoliberal economic reforms, driven by private initiative and export-oriented growth. Accordingly, employees of the IT industry that are symbolic of the 'new India' are seen as the aspirational new middle class, 'different' from the traditional working class. This article critically examines these claims. Firstly, it is argued that the development of the IT industry should be situated in the context of the larger development of capitalism in India. Secondly, through an analysis of narratives from interviews with workers during a period of industrial restructuring due to geopolitical concerns and technological change, the article attempts to understand workers' perceptions of industrial dynamics as well as possibilities of collective resistance against the logic of capital.

Based on an ethnographic study amongst professional
caregivers (nurses, nursing aides and attendants) in
three medical establishments in Kolkata, this article
explores how reproductive/use-value labour when
brought into the public realm as productive/
exchange-value labour survives its association with
servile, sexual, menial, feminine labour and continues to
remain stigmatised. It examines the nursing labour
market to interrogate how the precise nature of the
labour performed, structures the perception of the
worker of herself as an inferior, performing disreputable,
stigmatised labour. Within the grids of gender, class and
caste, work and workers mutually constitute each other
to define what respectable work is. Such perceived value
of work plays a pivotal role in justifying low wages, social
recognition and identity as a worker.

The urban environment is increasingly engaging with artificial intelligence, a focus on the automation of urban processes, whether it be singular artefacts or city-wide systems. The impact of such technological innovation on the social dynamics of the urban environment is an ever changing and multi-faceted field of research. In this paper, the space and time defined by the autonomous vehicle is used as a window to view the way in which a shift in urban transport dynamics can impact the temporal experience of an individual. Using the finite window of time created by an autonomous vehicle, a theoretical framework is put forward that seeks to show how contrasting narratives exist regarding the experience of the window of time within the autonomous vehicle. By taking a theoretical approach informed by social theory, the dissolution of barriers between separate spheres of life is explored to highlight the increased commodification of time. In focusing on both the space and time created by the autonomous vehicle this approach seeks to highlight how artificial intelligence can provide a contemporary space in the urban environment while also opening a new window of time. The cognitive dissonance observed when comparing the narratives of autonomous vehicle stakeholders and the historical shift in time use leads to a belief that technology makes the user more free in terms of time. With this paper the autonomous vehicle is shown to be an ideal space and time to view the way in which the use of such technology does not increase free-time, but further dissolves the boundaries between what is and what is not work-time.

The article begins by defining the FIR by examining the key features of industrial revolutions. It goes on to discuss the general roles of technologies in capitalism by drawing on Marxist theories of technologies in production. The argument is that scholars who embrace the FIR uncritically do not unmask the fundamental role of technologies in the capitalist labour process.
Failure to unpack the role of technologies in capitalism wittingly or unwittingly makes it appear as though, in the final analysis, there are no winners or losers in the  FIR game. The article argues that there are definitely those who benefit from the FIR and those whose lives are affected negatively by it. It is not as if all countries and classes participate in the FIR as equal partners and are therefore able to derive equitable gains from their participation in it. In fact, the playing field is not level at the outset and countries of the Global South, workers, women and the marginalised are most likely to be the losers This indicates that the FIR is most likely to deepen the existing technological, economic and social gap. Finally, some suggestions are made on about how to respond to technological innovation in the context of developing nations.

Pese al extenso análisis sobre la explotación laboral que la Sociología del Trabajo ha venido investigando respecto al uso económico de la fuerza del trabajo, este desarrollo ha supuesto frecuentemente que la participación en el mercado laboral se funda en la oferta arbitrada de la fuerza de trabajo. Sin embargo, las pautas de consumo actuales así como la prevalencia de condiciones laborales precarias e incluso serviles dan cuenta de condiciones que fuerzan a los trabajadores a vender su único bien, su fuerza de trabajo, en el mercado laboral. Asimismo, la creciente visibilización del trabajo reproductivo ha permitido dar cuenta de diversos marcos institucionales que han forzado a gran parte de la fuerza de trabajo femenina a participar en condiciones sobre-agregadas de inequidad horizontal en el mercado laboral. A la luz de estos antecedentes, el concepto de „trabajo libre“ pareciera encontrarse tensionado por las diversas formas de regulación y las condiciones materiales de su ejercicio. La presente ponencia pretende contribuir al debate en torno al „trabajo libre“, como categoría de análisis y operativa, ya no desde su absoluta polarización respecto al „trabajo forzoso“, sino en estrecha relación con sus fundamentos teóricos y sus manifestaciones empíricas contemporáneas. En orden a brindarle fundamentos empíricos a dicha discusión, ésta se estructura sobre la base de diversas formas de trabajo que forman parte de la cadena de producción capitalista de valor y cuyo carácter relativo a lo forzoso y lo libre adquiere una multiplicidad de expresiones.
Acta académica: XXX Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Sociología, ISBN: 978-9968-9502-4-4
Autor/compilador: Congreso ALAS Costa Rica 2015, XXX.
Asociación Latinoamericana de Sociología.
San José, Costa Rica, junio 2016

http://sociologia-alas.org/congreso-xxx/ponencias/

Work is changing profoundly in new digital age. The whole world of work is in evolution. The old employment system of secure, lifelong jobs with predictable advancement and stable pay is dead. For some time now we’ve observed a greater focus on flexibility, mobility, and the ability of quick adaptation of workers. The new era of Work 2.0 is coming driven by: work virtualisation, nonroutine creativity, hyperspecialisation, and reduction of communication, coordination and interactions costs. This calls for a different approach to management and work. However, technology is a double-edged sword, with the power to both liberate and enslave.

The recession is said to be over, but you’ll never get your old job back – it’s disappeared and you can’t even blame the Chinese! Your job no longer exists – it’s been automated. Book "Work 2.0” isn’t just a description of what is happening to the labor market, how we're working nowadays, it’s a complete how-to guide for successfully navigating today’s treacherous jobs environment, mitigating the risks of job loss, job insecurity, and increasing automation. Book is discussing the repercussions of automation, changes in the economic balance between East and West in terms of work, the growing importance of innovation and creativity for creating value, how companies can take advantage of the new situation and how can individuals stay competitive on the labour market.

How do you survive and thrive in the new labour market? How can workers cope in an economy which doesn’t generate stable lifelong careers? How can companies remain competitive and manage armies of dispersed hyperspecialists? You’ve become the newest victim of Work 2.0, a force you can’t possibly fight – but you can join it! If you are looking for a job – why not create one for yourself? If your company is losing its best talent – why not listen to what your workers are saying. Let them work anywhen. After all, there is nowhere to hide from the wave of creative destruction.