Making use of leisure time

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between, on the one hand, smartphone and recreational internet use, and on the other hand, studentss academic success, life satisfaction and boredom in leisure time. The study sample contains 439 randomly selected high school students in Cankaya District, Ankara, Turkey. The questionnaire used to collect data is composed of five parts. These are the Personal

The European qualifications and training of personnel in after-school programs for young school children vary (EFILWC 2006). Iceland mandates no specific requirements other than having some experience with children and having no criminal record. The main aim of this article is to understand how recreation personnel perceive their professional identity and location in the educational sector. Qualitative data from two after-school centres was analysed using the model of social ecology of identity (Wenger 1998). The main findings indicated that the personnel considered it their role to provide physical and emotional care; to support social development of children and provide opportunities for informal learning. Nevertheless, the majority of the personnel held unclear professional identities, and did not perceive themselves as active participants within the educational system. I argue that an alternative pedagogical approach is needed that sees recreation personnel as active participants and members of a shared educational practice within schools.

Discusses Paul Hensley's view of how New England was particularly culturally ready for the arrival and advancement of the Industrial Revolution because the "...Yankee workers possessed a labor discipline ... of hard work...the generation...entering the factories had learned about the dictates of time..[and]...their sense of time discipline...."

Pehlić, I. (2008). Kvalitetno provođenje slobodnog vremena u funkciji prevencije poremećaja u ponašanju mladih, u: Knjiga sažetaka – Drugi kongres bosanskohercegovačkih naučnika iz zemlje i svijeta, str. 42, Sarajevo, 27. 08. – 31.08.2008.

KVALITETNO PROVOĐENJE SLOBODNOG VREMENA U FUNKCIJI PREVENCIJE POREMEĆAJA U PONAŠANJU MLADIH

Sažetak
Po svojim dometima i metodologiji, rad se situira u područje socijalne pedagogije, znanosti sa izrazitim multidisciplinarnim nagnućem i nastojanjem da harmonizira različite pristupe koji dolaze iz mnoštva znanstvenih disciplina koje se bave tzv. pomagačkom profesijom.
U istraživanju je korišten metod teorijske elaboracije, Survey metod i metaistraživanje. Pomoću metode teorijskog elaboriranja i metaistraživanjem stečen je uvid u dio postojećih dometa socijalnopedagoškog opserviranja škole, što je poslužilo kao podloga za uspostavljanje distinkcija i terminološkog fundiranja problema.
Rezultati istraživanja kazuju da je moguće i izuzetno potrebno početi sagledavati školski „prostor“ kao izuzetan resurs kreiranja programa ojačavanja mladih ljudi, njihovog zaštitnog nausprot rizičnom aspektu funkcioniranja.

Ključne riječi: slobodno vrijeme, poremaćaji u ponašanju, mladi

Summary
According to its aims and methodology, this paper gets into the area of social pedagogy, with great multidisciplinary preferences and tendency to harmonise different approaches coming from many scientific disciplines which deal with helping profession.
We used the method of theoretical elaboration in the research, Survey method and meta research. By the method of theoretical elaboration nad meta research, we gained the picture of sicio-pedagogical observation of school, which was the basis of making distinctions and terminological fundation of the problem.
Results of the research shaw that it is possible and that is needed to observe school „space“ as an important resource of creating programme of strengthening the young, their guard opposing the way of functioning.

Key words: leisure time, behavior disorder, youth

Complete conference proceedings for the II Brazilian Congress of Leisure Studies that took place September 2016 in the city of Belém, Brazil.
Anais completos do II Congresso Brasileiro de Estudos do Lazer, realizado em setembro de 2016 na cidade de Belém-PA.

This essay, or rather collection of essays, draws together three distinct streams of thought, time and space into a single river of understanding concerning labor, leisure, human-nature relations, city and town planning and human evolution at both the individual and collective levels. From Daoist tales of effortless leisure under 'useless trees' to Pieper's eulogy of leisure in the Modernist world(view) of total work and onto the planning theory and practice of Sir. Patrick Geddes, this ambling and nomadic stream seeks to problematize hegemonic contemporary conceptions of evolution, order, labor, leisure, nature and human-nature relations and to plant the seeds of a new principle, a new mythos, to which human evolution and being can be oriented in ashes of the charred edifice of Modernity. Can we transcend the materially rationalist, labor centric conceptions of humanity that reign in contemporary hegemonic culture for a more holistic perspective in which the infinite and finite aspects of human being can co-exist without either one interfering with the other? Can human-nature relations, especially as cultivated through city and town planning, transcend the present order of hierarchical domination, objectification and callous consumption of nature for an order of relations in which nature acts upon us as a teacher and we consume nature in harmony with its own natural order rather than through creation of an artificial order?

ÖZET

Sanayileşme ve otomasyonun gelişimiyle birlikte çalışma saatlerinin azalması ve boş zamanların artması, rekreasyon faaliyetlerinin çeşitlenmesine neden olmuştur. Böylece günümüzde boş zaman etkinlikleri serbest piyasa ekonomisini destekleyen, bireyleri tüketime teşvik eden birer rant kaynağı haline gelmiştir. Oysa boş zamanın dinlenme ve eğlenmenin yanı sıra kendini geliştirme ve üretme fonksiyonu da bulunmaktadır. Rekreasyonel etkinliklerin daha farklı ve yoğun biçimde yaşandığı gençlik döneminde boş zamanları aktif ve üretken bir şekilde değerlendirme alışkanlığının kazanılması için gençlerin yönlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı gençlerin boş zamanlarını değerlendirme faaliyetlerine katılım sıklıklarının sosyoekonomik boyutunu incelemek ve çözüm önerileri getirmektir.

Gazi Üniversitesi ve Selçuk Üniversitesi öğrencilerinden 258 kişi araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Çalışma tarama modelinde olup çalışma aracı olarak anket formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler x2 analizi, t testi ve tek faktörlü varyans analizi (One Way ANOVA) ile değerlendirilmiştir.  Öğrencilerin boş zamanlarını değerlendirme faaliyetlerinde öncelikle arkadaşlarının (%41.7) etkili olduğu; bu tür faaliyetlerde yeterince etkin olmamalarına zaman darlığı (% 32.7) ve ekonomik yetersizliğin (%26.9) neden olduğu saptanmıştır. Boş zamanı değerlendirme faaliyetlerine erkek öğrencilerin ve Gazi Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin daha fazla zaman ayırdıkları bulunmuştur.

Anahtar sözcükler: Boş zamanı değerlendirme, rekreasyonel etkinlikler, üniversite öğrencileri

ABSTRACT

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC DIMENSION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ MAKING USE OF LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES

Industrial development and automation have decreased working time and increased leisure which in turn caused diverse recreational activities to develop. Thus, leisure time activities became booming revenue resources that supported the free market economy and encouraged people for more consumption. However, in addition to relaxation and entertainment, leisure time can also be used for self developmental and productive functions. Young people need to be oriented to develop skills for using their leisure time more actively and productively in their adolescent period during which they have access to various very intense recreational activities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze socioeconomic dimension of university students’ making use of leisure time activities, and to propose solutions for more active and meaningful participation by them.

The sample of the study consisted of 258 students from Gazi University and Selçuk University. The study has been done by the scanning model and by using a questionnaire form. The collected data was then evaluated by the x2 analysis, with t test and with one factor variance analysis (One Way ANOVA). It was concluded that the influence of friends is the primary factor for students in choosing leisure time activities (41.7%), and on the other hand the primary reasons for not being active in recreational activities are lack of free time (32.7%) and insufficient economic resources (26.9%). Also, it was found that male students, as well as students in Gazi University make greater use of leisure time.
   
  Key words: Making use of leisure time, recreational activities, university students

While there is a great deal of research on leisure time in the literature on the basis of various variables, it is not possible to talk about enough variety in the theoretical context. In the majority of studies, it has been observed that researchers have tried to reveal the importance of leisure time and its positive effects in accordance to usage. While leisure time and its usage are considered as significant, there has not been enough information on the deprivation of that much needed time. This study aims to reveal the micro and macro sociological foundations of leisure time deprivation while making sense of leisure time deprivation.

Distinct discourses related to the socioenvironmental issue emerge from the insertion of the environmental dimension in different fields of knowledge. Considering the historical force of games, sports and leisure as sociocultural phenomena in the field of physical education, the aim of this article is to analyze how these phenomena influence the constitution of environmental ideals considering, more broadly, discourses that emerge from dialogues between the physical education and the environmental fields. To this end, the corpus of analysis comprised articles in scientific journals that address the insertion of the environmental dimension in physical education in Brazil. In general, the results of the Discursive Textual Analysis on the researched corpus showed that the influence of games, sports and activities in leisure contexts in the constitution of environmental ideals is still quite rudimentary.

Estudio que describe las maneras en que 30 entrevistados realizan actividades de ocio digital. Se analizaron aspectos relacionados con las dinámicas de uso y alcances de la experiencia de ocio y se aportan evidencias de que las actividades de ocio digitales se fusionan y desarrollan en simultaneidad y con los significados de los contextos los informantes separan o diferencian las actividades. Se comenta sobre las implicaciones del ocio digital en la dimensión social de los informantes en dos aspectos: los aportes del ocio digital para el desarrollo de habilidades y conocimientos y como una vía de socialización e interacción.

Background: Association between physical activity and mental health has been well documented. Both leisure-time physical activity and emotional intelligence are related to health-related quality of life. Hence, it is important to explore the linkage between these two parameters.
Methods: A total of 126 female university students of age 20-30 years participated in the study. The scores regarding leisure-time physical activity were assessed using International Physical activity questionnaire (long form). Emotional intelligence was assessed by administering a 5-point scale developed by Hyde et al (2002). Normality of data was tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Spearman’s rank order test was run to see the relationship between non-parametric continuous data.
Results: Leisure-time physical activity level was significantly positively correlated with the overall emotional intelligence and sub-scales: self-awareness, Self-motivation, emotional stability, managing relations, integrity, self-development, value orientation and commitment (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, no significant correlations were assessed between leisure-time physical activity level and subscales: empathy and altruistic behavior.
Conclusions: Findings of the present study revealed that there is a strong positive correlation between leisure-time physical activity and emotional intelligence.

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

The Definition and Importance: Football sport which gradually raises its place in sport events continues to attract attention of societies (Balyan 2006). Football has become a universal sport branch with a great number of spectators (Efe Öztürk ve Koparan, 2008). In fact, football has the most spectators in all sport branches. Referee has a key role at football. Referees with deciding or not deciding affect football and its spectators with direct or indirect way which can be positively or
negatively. Referees have important role for football, they can help to become more beautiful and more attractive games (Özdayı ve Uğurlu, 2015). There are many studies on physiological anthropometric and performance parameters about referees (Tekin, Savucu ve Ramazanoğlu, 2005). Various psycho-social parameters about them are needed to analysis with scientific perspective because of referees’ important position in football game. Unfortunately, there are few studies about referees’ psycho-social parameters. Our study supporting to literature is considered as important from this point. The Aim: Purpose of study is to investigate relationship among football referees’ leisure time
preferences, communication skills levels among themselves. For this purpose, it has looked for answers of following questions. (1) How is the distribution of scores obtained from this scale of study? (2) Is there any significant differences according to gender in their leisure time assessment and communication skills? (3) Is there any significant differences according to their classification in their leisure time assessment and communication skills? (4) Is there any significant differences according to time of career as a referee in their leisure time assessment and communication skills? (5) How is the relationship between scale of leisure time assessment and communication skills assessment? Content: 198 (34 female, 164 male) volunteer active football referees, whom average of age is 25, 59 ± 5, 49, from various provinces Muğla, İstanbul and Bursa participated this study. This
survey was applied to 210 volunteer football referees with using simple random (stochastic) sampling technique. Inconsistent surveys were deleted and study has been proceeded with 198 participants.
The Method: To get proper data “Leisure-Time Scale” developed by Binarbasi (2006) and “Communication Skills Assessment Scale” developed by Korkut (1996) and “Communication Skills Assessment
Scale” developed by IBDÖ were used to collect data. Cronbach-Alpha was-calculated as 0.779 for “Leisure-Time Scale” including 14 clauses. Cronbach-Alpha was detected as 0.838 for “Communication Skills Assessment Scale” which is 5 point likert-type and includes 25 questions. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey multiple comparison test, regression analysis and Pearson Correlation tests were used. That satisfies the prerequisites of parametric test data skewness and kurtosis (normal distribution case) values and Levene (equality of variance) were decided by examining test results. To determine the reliability of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients were computed. Findings: Participating to the survey football referees, “Leisure Time Scale” and “Communication Skills Assessment” from
arithmetic average of the scores obtained 3.23 - 51 and 3.95 - is estimated to be 45. When we look at the data collected from the referee skewness and kurtosis it is seen to have a normal distribution. At the end of the study it was determined that there was no statistically significant differences communication skills points of football referees when these points were compared according to the genders, but according to gender, statistically significant differences were found in the leisure activity scale (p=0,23). Football referees leisure time and communication skills were analyzed according to the referee category of their score from the communication skills scale statistically to assess the scale significant difference can not be determined (p> 0.05) were statistically significant differences in leisure time scale. It is observed that there is a positive relation at 0, 342 level between the Leisure
Time Scale and Communication Skills Assessment. Discussion: According to the gender of football referees in order to determine their communication skills at the level of a result of the examination of men and women referees’ communication skills between levels the was not identified any significant statistical difference Yildirim and Abakay’s (2015), Çevik (2011), Ozturk and Soytürk the (2015) it is in line with their research. When the joined the research football referee of leisure time were examined according to gender were significant differences statistically significant. Hacıcaferoglu et al. (2014), Kılbaş (2001), Ilhan and Balci (2006) in their studies of the participants leisure time assessment and gender were found significant differences between variables. Results: As a result; the level of communication skills in the study received football referees, gender, categories of refereeing and duration of refereeing variables were determined to have not impact. When we look at the data obtained by means of leisure scale; according to gender and categories of refereeing were significant differences statistically significant. Suggestions: With the information obtained the
researchers will work in this area, football referees and their managers responsible for these recommendations to can be given; (1) The sample group of the survey will be included in all of football referees in the country will be achieved by further expanding the study results can be much more reliable. (2) It might be though that if football referees should interest own sport branch in their leisure times, it helps them to create new ideas about careers. (3) Turkish Football Federation should
give education with sport psychologist to all referees instead of only firs class referees. This helps improving connection between them and footballers, coaches, managers and other people and also brings important advantages to Turkish football referees in medium term.

Slides for the "Leisure theories" curricular unit in the Physical Education Program at the Federal University of Sergipe (2016 - readings for the third debate).
Slides para a disciplina "Teorias do Lazer" do Curso de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (2016 - leituras para o terceiro debate).

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between the levels of life satisfaction and leisure time satisfaction of foreign students study at Erciyes University. The research group totally consists of 220 foreign students, 147 of them are male and 73 of them are female students study at Erciyes University. In order to obtain lesiure time satisfaction level data, ''Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale'' developed by Karlı et al. In 2008 and 'Life Satisfaction Scale' developed in 1985 by Diener et al. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of gender variance, while there was a meaningful difference between the groups according to the place they live, the sporting situation, the type of activity they attended and the way they affect their classes. There was an important difference found between the groups according to their gender, sporting activities, activity types they attended and their influence on their courses, while there was no significant difference found between the groups according to their residence status in life satisfaction levels. There was a positive relationship found between the leisure time satisfaction levels and the life satisfaction levels of the foreign students who participated in the study. As a result, as the level of satisfaction of foreign students who study at Erciyes University increases then their level of satisfaction also increases.

En este trabajo intentamos abordar algunas de las señas de identidad de la recreación en Venezuela. La recreación que es pensada, asumida y experienciada en Venezuela como modelo social para la atención de las y los ciudadanos está enmarcada en el ideario profundo de la libertad, la justicia social y la democracia. De allí que sea necesario el debate para la construcción permanente de espacios y posibilidades para el derrumbe definitivo de una cultura anestesiante del entretenimiento y la diversión desechable. Así, la práctica social permanente, el empoderamiento del pueblo para el ejercicio de sus derechos sociales, políticos y constitucionales, una legislación coherente con los procesos de transformación social son imprescindibles para acompañar la esperanza y el ideal de liberación.

Aktiviti amali bagi Kursus Rekreasi Darat (SPL 2014) yang ditawarkan di Kolej Komuniti Kuala Langat merupakan salah satu daripada tuntutan di dalam silibus di mana markah penilaian untuk aktiviti amali tersebut akan dinilai semasa pelajar tersebut sedang melakukan aktiviti amali berkenaan. Program Amali Rekreasi Darat ini juga akan memberikan kesan yang realistik kepada pelajar di mana ianya mempunyai unsur-unsur asas pembangunan kemanusiaan dipupuk secara ‘hands on’ dengan akhlak mulia seperti bertoleransi, bertolak ansur,  tolong - menolong, berdisiplin dan lebih mengutamakan kepentingan bersama daripada kepentingan peribadi. Aktiviti amali ini juga mendedahkan para peserta kepada cabaran-cabaran fizikal dan mental yang secara tidak langsung dapat memantapkan semangat juang dan keyakinan diri masing- masing.
Seterusnya, melalui program ini, ia juga bertindak sebagai serampang dua mata dimana, selain dari dapat melaksanakan aktiviti amali pelajar di lapangan, aktiviti ini juga dapat menyuburkan amalan kesukarelawan di kalangan mereka melalui aktiviti tanggungjawab sosial yang digabungkan bersama-sama dengan penilaian amali ini.

The central aim of this paper is to understand the synergies between the phenomena ‘time’ and ‘leisure’, seeking an explanation for the contemporary need for an ‘education for leisure’. Therefore, a theoretical research is presented in three parts. The first brings the conceptual transformations of the phenomena ‘time’ and ‘leisure’, especially in the last century, and the main relationships that underlie these changes. The second part emphasizes the relations of the phenomena ‘free time’ and ‘leisure’ in a more contemporary context. The third and final section seeks to understand the current need for an ‘education for leisure’, built on the ideas presented in the first two parts of the paper. This discussion contributes to the conceptual construction of ‘education for leisure’, which implies possible changes both in theory and in practice.

Are people who spend more time with others always happier than those who spend less time in social activities? Across four studies with more than 250,000 participants, we show that social time has declining marginal utility for subjective well-being. In Study 1 (N=243,075), we use the Gallup World Poll with people from 166 countries, and in Study 2 (N=10,387) the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), to show that social time has declining returns for well-being. In Study 3a (N=168) and Study 3b (N=174), we employ the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to provide initial evidence for both intra-domain (principle of diminishing satisfaction) and inter- domain mechanisms (principle of satisfaction limits). We discuss implications for theory, research methodology, and practice.

The disputes surrounding environmental issues indicate that it configures itself as a field of power and struggle within which interests are played related to the environmental event. In this sense, the aim of this article is to highlight conflicts associated with the processes of environmentalization of leisure practices. To this end, the discussion will be developed in three parts, in which: (a) the debate on the environmentalization of social reality will be presented; (b) the conflicts associated with the environmentalization of leisure practices will be analyzed; (c) the final considerations will be presented, highlighting the diversity of 'problems' associated with the theme, some particular to the leisure field, some to the environmental field, and others that arise at the interface between the two; researches that can contribute to the analysis of the processes of environmentalization of leisure practices will also be indicated.

Amid the contemporary environmental crisis, underpinned by a social structure that values, above all, production and consumption, different possibilities of cooperation emerge between distinct areas of knowledge in search of strategies for dealing with environmental problems. In this sense, education plays a fundamental role, becoming a major force of social structure. Another social phenomenon that has gained strength in recent decades is leisure. Furthermore, education and leisure are fields that have relations that extend in different contexts, and, both in school and in non-school contexts, ‘education through leisure’ has appeared increasingly in teaching and learning processes. In this paper we present, in three parts, the results of a theoretical research: the first part aims to identify, through the analysis of the conceptual history of environmental education, the critical proposals that are on the agenda today; in the second part we present some of the essential elements for understanding the definition of ‘leisure’; in the third part, already in our final remarks, we seek an understanding of leisure that could really contribute with critical environmental education proposals, proposing a path towards a possible ‘environmental education through leisure’.

The Teaching English in Poland (TEIP) program relies on summer camps during which native English speakers, American volunteers, teach Polish children and adolescents using the language immersion method-during everyday activities, sports and art classes, and similar occasions. A vital aspect of the evaluation of the program is researching its impact on the young people; however, the opinions of the volunteers regarding their participation and engagement in the program are equally important. The paper aims to recognize the value of the volunteers' opinions about what made them decide to take part in the program, about the positive and negative aspects of their engagement as well as what benefits and costs connected to participation in the program they notice. The first part outlines the theoretical aspects of volunteer engagement among adults, of which the most important aspect from the perspective of the TEIP is the process of volunteer engagement and the motivations for volunteering. Part two presents the results of a short opinion survey conducted among the TEIP volunteers, along with an interpretation of the results. The summary focuses on the meaning of the study results and the limitations of the described research.

Der Aufsatz betrachtet die Herausbildung der modernen Freizeit in Mittel- und Westeuropa als Lernprozess, den vor allem die Masse der einfachen Bevölkerung, der abhängig Arbeitenden, zu durchlaufen hatte und erfolgreich durchlief. Dabei lag in Deutschland eine Wasserscheide um 1900. Galt es bis dahin zu lernen, wie man überhaupt arbeitsfreie Zeit bekam, so ging es nun vorrangig darum, errungene Freizeit zu nutzen. Wie und warum dabei den Unterhaltungen und Vergnügungen der kommerziellen Populärkultur eine zentrale Stellung im Leben der Massen zuwuchs, wird aus historischer Sicht verstehend als andauernder Selbsterziehungsprozess nachvollzogen.

Slides for the "Leisure theories" curricular unit in the Physical Education Program at the Federal University of Sergipe (2016 - readings for the second debate).
Slides para a disciplina "Teorias do Lazer" do Curso de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (2016 - leituras para o segundo debate).

Slides for the "Leisure theories" curricular unit in the Physical Education Program at the Federal University of Sergipe (2016 - readings for the first debate).
Slides para a disciplina "Teorias do Lazer" do Curso de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (2016 - leituras para o primeiro debate).

Specialized literature focusing on students’ lifestyle defines academic time as a range of time covering the activities related to studying. It should be noted that it indicates a complex set of activities, as it includes not only the hours and minutes spent by the students at the lessons/lectures, but also other activities aiming studying. Our present study is intended to examine the concept of academic time in higher education, to place it in the theoretical frames and to briefly summarize the results of other relevant empirical research. The empirical part of our writing is based on the 2010 representative database (N=602) of Tertiary Education and Regional Development research  of higher educational institutions operating in the region of Partium. In the course of our analysis we set out to explain the length of academic time by means of sociocultural variables (gender, type of settlement), we also used the variable of the structure of faculties and the fact that students work, moreover we analyzed the field being examined by means of value clusters and leisure clusters. The length of academic time was also compared to the achievements of the students. The explanatory variables considerably modified the length of this section of the lifestyle, at the same time no connection was found with the achievement of students.

In modern times, park gardens and green areas are seen as one of the most important leisure time activities. At the same time, parks that are open spaces for common use within the city are indispensable places for the individual in terms of interaction and socialization. However, it has been seen that there is not enough research on park gardens and green areas in Turkey or in other countries. The purpose of this study is to reveal the factors that affect the motivation to go to park gardens and green areas. In order to accomplish this aim, it was applied a survey of 204 individuals selected with easy sampling method. As a result of the research, it is seen that there are four factors: discharge, personal development, quality life and economic situation and sports activities. Looking at the average of the factors it was determined that discharging has the highest average. This is followed by sports activities and personal development. However, the quality of life and the economic si...

El artículo tiene como objetivo general analizar la relación entre ocio y trabajo en la actuación de músicos en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, bajo el prisma del concepto de serious leisure. Serious leisure se define como actividades practicadas por aficionados, voluntarios y practicantes de hobbys. Para tales individuos estas actividades son inmensamente importantes y gratificantes, y que en algunos casos pueden significar el inicio de una carrera centrada en la adquisición y expresión de habilidades especiales, conocimientos y experiencias. Este concepto también se define por la perseverancia que los participantes deben poseer para superar los eventuales momentos de dificultad relacionada al desarrollo del serious leisure y los beneficios tanto personales como sociales que acompañan esta práctica tal como la auto-realización, el auto-enriquecimiento, el sentimiento de pertenencia y la interacción social. Cuando las habilidades y los conocimientos adquiridos permiten que los participantes sean considerados "serios", en algunos casos, en la medida en que las oportunidades aparecen, algunos de estos participantes pueden salir de la condición de aficionados, volviéndose profesionales. Los objetivos específicos son los siguientes: a) investigar los motivos que llevaron a estos músicos a transformar esa actividad, inicialmente considerada una actividad de ocio, en un ejercicio profesional; b) comprender cómo las seis características fundamentales del sistema serious leisure se presentan en la actuación de los músicos. La metodología utilizada fue una investigación de tipo cualitativo, en un estudio de caso entendiéndolo cómo el método apropiado a la determinación de características únicas de individuos de instituciones o comunidades. La investigación posee un carácter exploratorio que combina los enfoques bibliográficos y de campo. La dimensión bibliográfica abarca artículos científicos, libros y demás publicaciones sobre el concepto de serious leisure. Y la de campo, con investigaciones in loco a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas con músicos que actúan en la ciudad de São Paulo. Los resultados de la investigación indican que el placer proporcionado por la música, así como la remuneración obtenida a través de ella, son los factores que más influenciaron a los entrevistados en la elección de la música como profesión. Se concluye también que la relación establecida entre el contenido artístico y la música es evidente ya que la música como arte se remite principalmente a la subjetividad de las personas, traduciendo sentimientos, expresando deseos y manifestando ideas. Las ideas como destino, predestinación, el talento innato, contribuyen a formar en las personas la concepción de que un músico, así como artistas de otras ramas, ya nació 'sabiendo' realizar esa actividad y, por lo tanto, son personas únicas y especiales. En este sentido, el artista ejerce un cierto "lenguaje especial", en este caso por la música, que tiende a obtener cierto reconocimiento por la sociedad como un todo. Los datos refuerzan que el ocio se caracteriza por resultar de una elección libre que no puede estar sometido a ningún fin lucrativo.

Along with a general contextualization of how experiences in nature are being conceptualized in Brazil, the paper presents and conceptually frames the concept of ‘ecomotricity’. In doing so it aims to contribute to the wider debate of how experiences in nature are critically associated to the constitution of human-environment relations.

Decolonizing Time: Work, Leisure, and Freedom demonstrates the importance of time as a central category for political theory. The historical struggle over the control of time is of analytical, moral, and practical significance, such that any project aiming to establish a meaningful relationship between freedom and equality must begin by reconceptualizing time. Whereas the labor movement's original fight for time sought to limit the length of the working day, the fight for time today must address the new realities of the colonization of time, which increasingly extends beyond work to free time and leisure. Decolonizing Time reconsiders discretionary time as a measure of freedom through the concept of temporal autonomy as developed through the Aristotelian-Marxist, critical, and feminist theory traditions.

Os temas envolvendo as questões ambientais são introduzidos na sociedade muitas vezes sob um olhar conservador, caracterizado por um distanciamento entre o individuo e o meio ambiente. Nessa perspectiva, apresentamos o tema revisto sob outro olhar, não somente com a possibilidade de quebra dessa separação, como também na viabilidade e reforço de sua importância, sobretudo no aprendizado sobre o meio e sobre o papel que o indivíduo pode desempenhar nele inserido e a ele pertencente. Instrumentos para o desempenho de práticas educativas são essenciais para esse fim, sobretudo, aplicados em atividades já existentes com a perspectiva ambiental. Vivências lúdicas são por nós apresentadas como essenciais nesse processo de aprendizagem, não restrita às atividades de lazer e recreação por simples distração ou motivação à compreensão pela alegria da brincadeira, mas objetivando apreender a relação mundo e ser humano pelo conhecimento resultante dessa interação e presente no dia-a-dia de todos os indivíduos. No enfoque aqui proposto da revisão sobre o tema e no encaminhamento de formas alternativas, apresentamos os resultados esperados no desenvolvimento de atividades de educação ambiental em locais apropriados e estruturados para esse fim, seguido de uma proposta de pesquisa para o município de Jaguariúna (SP), considerando algumas iniciativas presentes em programas e espaços públicos existentes nesse município que vão ao encontro com os objetivos propostos nesse trabalho.

Le « temps » a été fortement pris en charge par les sciences physiques, la psychologie et la philosophie. En revanche, il est courant de lire qu'en sciences sociales (histoire, sociologie, anthropologie), le « temps » n'est pas un objet légitime ou qu'il n'a pas donné lieu à des travaux empiriques probants. Le séminaire « Enquêtes sur les temporalités » fait l'hypothèse qu'il existe de nombreux travaux qui font du « temps » un objet d'enquêtes. Nous solliciterons ainsi des chercheurs en histoire, sociologie ou anthropologie, afin qu'ils viennent nous présenter leurs travaux, que ce soit sur les rythmes (individuels et collectifs), l'urgence ou l'articulation entre passé, présent et avenir dans différentes sociétés.