Marketplace

In this thesis, I have examined whether the current approach to competition policy is suitable for the distinct characteristics of the digital economy. It is particularly difficult to define the relevant market and rely on market share test as a proxy for market power in the digital economy mainly because of its dynamic nature. As the market boundaries shift so rapidly in dynamic markets, having a static perspective when defining the relevant market might fall short when assessing competitive constraints that an undertaking may face in the near future. In this regard, this thesis calls for a change in the traditional assessment of market power, and it proposes to replace the relevant market/market share paradigm with a more economic effects-based method, such as estimating the elasticity of residual demand. By doing so, competition authorities can assess competitive constraints from a broader perspective without necessarily being limited to a particular relevant market or any formalistic structure.

In order to identify the most suitable way to assess market power in the digital economy, this thesis is structured as follows. Chapter II explains what digital economy is, how it emerged, and what makes it different from the rest of the economy by identifying its distinguishing characteristics. After providing an overview of the digital economy, Chapter III gives more theoretical insight to the concept of market power. First, it explains the importance of market power within the social market economy. In the second part, it introduces various definitions of market power as provided by different institutions and scholars, describing the defining characteristics of these definitions afterwards. Having explained the concept of market power, Chapter IV focuses on how market power is assessed. By doing so, it explains not only the traditional indirect assessment of market power, but also the direct assessment of the latter. After clarifying what the digital economy is, as well as the concept of market power and how it is assessed, Chapter V evaluates the suitability of current understanding of market power in the digital economy. Then it explains what the challenges of assessing market power in the digital economy are when applying conventional techniques. In the light of these findings, it finally suggests a blueprint of how to assess market power in the digital economy. Lastly, Chapter VI provides the summary of findings and the final conclusion.

Desa Bumi Jaya adalah salah satu desa yang masyarakatnya merupakan pengrajin gerabah. Terdapat koperasi pengrajin, yang bertujuan untuk menyatukan para pengrajin dan kemudahan dalam pemberian modal. Namun hal ini tidak di sertai dengan pemanfaatan teknologi yang ada, salah satunya adalah teknologi di bidang internet. Seperti yang kita tahu, manfaat internet sebagai salah satu metode pemasaran yang efektif. Dengan pemasaran yang belum tersebar luas, menyebabkan produksi gerabah dan pendapatan pengrajin tidak maksimal. Serta kurangnya sarana promosi dalam memperkenalkan produk gerabah. E-Marketplace adalah bentuk pemasaran dengan pemanfaatan teknologi internet. Dimana sebagai tempat bertemunya penjual dan pembeli dalam satu situs Dengan membangun E-Marketplace memudahkan para pengrajin untuk memasarkan hasil kerajinannya. Informasi dan pemasaran yang dijangkau pun memungkinkan untuk masuk ke pasar internasional yang bertujuan untuk peningkatan penghasilan para pengrajin dan mengenalkan potensi desa gerabah Bumi Jaya. Selain untuk penjualan E-Marketplace ini bertujuan sebagai sarana koperasi dalam mengelola para pengrajin. Pembelian gerabah, pembayaran elektronik, pengolahan data pengrajin, data pembeli, alur pengiriman, laporan pendapatan, merupakan fitur yang terdapat pada E-marketplace Desa Gerabah untuk memecahkan masalah yang ada.

Stigmas, or discredited personal attributes, emanate from social perceptions of physical characteristics, aspects of character, and “tribal” associations (e.g., race; Goffman 1963 ). Extant research has emphasized the perspective of the stigma target, with some scholars exploring how social institutions shape stigma. Yet the ways stakeholders within the sociocommercial sphere create, perpetuate, or resist stigma remain overlooked. The authors introduce and define marketplace stigma as the labeling, stereotyping, and devaluation by and of commercial stakeholders (consumers, companies and their employees, stockholders, and institutions) and their offerings (products, services, and experiences). The authors offer the Stigma Turbine as a unifying conceptual framework that locates marketplace stigma within the broader sociocultural context and illuminates its relationship to forces that exacerbate or blunt stigma. In unpacking the Stigma Turbine, the authors reveal the critical role that...

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One of the most dramatic images of the French Revolution is of Parisian market women sloshing through mud and dragging cannons as they marched on Versailles and returned with bread and the king. These market women, the Dames des Halles, sold essential foodstuffs to the residents of the capital but, equally important, through their political and economic engagement, held great revolutionary influence.

Politics in the Marketplace examines how the Dames des Halles invented notions of citizenship through everyday trade. It innovatively interweaves the Dames' political activism and economic practices to reveal how marketplace actors shaped the nature of nascent democracy and capitalism through daily commerce. While haggling over price controls, fair taxes, and acceptable currency, the Dames and their clients negotiated tenuous economic and social contracts in tandem, remaking longstanding Old Regime practices. In this environment, the Dames conceptualized a type of economic citizenship in which individuals' activities such as buying goods, selling food, or paying taxes positioned them within the body politic and enabled them to make claims on the state. They insisted that their work as merchants served society and demanded that the state pass favorable regulations for them in return. In addition, they drew on their patriotic work as activists and their gendered work as republican mothers to compel the state to provide practical currency and assist indigent families. Thus, their notion of citizenship portrayed useful work, rather than gender, as the cornerstone of civic legitimacy.

In this original work, Katie Jarvis challenges the interpretation that the Revolution launched an inherently masculine trajectory for citizenship and reexamines work, gender, and citizenship at the cusp of modern democracy.

Marketplace adalah sistem perantara antara penjual dan pembeli di dunia maya. Situs marketplace bertindak sebagai pihak ketiga dalam transaksi online dengan menyediakan tempat berjualan dan fasilitas untuk member. Transaksi perdagangan online di Indonesia memiliki masa depan cerah. Pasalnya, nilai transaksinya terus meningkat selama lima tahun terakhir. Marketplace adalah salah satu pemain terbesar dalam bisnis ecommerce Indonesia. Aktivitas jual beli secara online memang sedang naik daun dalam beberapa tahun belakangan. Jumlah situs marketplace di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan dalam beberapa tahun belakangan. Beberapa startup marketplace yang terbesar di Indonesia adalah Bukalapak, Shopee, Tokopedia.

In 1793, the National Convention passed two hallmarks of Jacobin legislation: sweeping price controls called the General Maximum and a ban on women's political clubs. At the center of both issues were factional clashes among the Montagnards, Girondins, and Enragés, on the one hand, and Parisian market women called the Dames des Halles and the leading women's club called the Société des Citoyennes Républicaines Révolutionnaires, on the other. Montagnard deputies pointed to marketplace brawls between the Dames and the club women to argue that women were irrational and had no place in formal politics. Consequently, the dominant historiographical narrative frames their ban as codifying Rousseauian gender norms and ideologically stunting women's citizenship at the outset of French democracy. However, this article analyzes the mechanics of the Maximum to argue that the ban on women's clubs emerged from contests over price controls, market regulation, and the economic dimensions of citizenship itself.


En 1793, la Convention nationale vota deux projets phares de la législation jacobine : la loi du Maximum général sur le contrôle des prix et l'interdiction des clubs politiques féminins. Ces projets se déroulèrent pendant les affrontements entre d'une part les Montagnards, les Girondins et les Enragés, et d'autre part les marchandes parisiennes appelées « Dames des halles » et la Société des citoyennes républicaines révolutionnaires, qui fut alors le principal club féminin. En octobre, les Montagnards dénoncèrent des rixes entre les Dames des halles et les Citoyennes républicaines pour soutenir que les femmes étaient irrationnelles et ne devaient pas participer à la vie politique. Par la suite, l'historiographie considéra que l'interdiction des clubs féminins transcrivit dans la loi les normes de genre rousseauiennes qui avaient cours dans la société et stipulaient que la citoyenneté ne pouvait s'exercer que dans le cadre des institutions politiques, d'où les femmes devaient être exclues. Cependant, cet article analyse le fonctionnement de la loi du Maximum pour soutenir que l'interdiction des clubs féminins fut moins une transcription de normes de genre écartant les femmes de la vie politique, qu'elle n'émergea face aux tensions qui existèrent entre les marchandes et les consommateurs, porteurs de visions contradictoires sur les droits et les devoirs économiques des citoyens. Dès lors, la participation à la vie économique peut être analysée comme un enjeu politique qui révèle des conceptions différentes de la citoyenneté et de la participation à la démocratie.

Ebook Goukm.id  kali ini tentang berjualan lewat marketplace yang sudah besar di Indonesia, kemungkinan orang membeli tinggi. Karena marketplace yang besar tentunya akan lebih banyak pengunjung yang datang. Dibandingkan jika kita menggunakan situs online kita sendiri.

The aim of this paper is to make theoretical observations about the rhetorical expansions of the transition word and to illustrate these findings through two marketplace projects. Rhetoric as a reading method used in the analysis of discourse production in architecture has
a richness of meaning that can be realized on buildings. In this context, the method of paper with the notion of architecture of transitional words used to describe the transition word, which is also a term of rhetoric art, is the resultant analysis. Marketplaces are areas that allow individual and collective behavior in terms of the distinction between the public-private space and the usage it requires. As part of everyday life, market culture is increasingly moving towards open spaces from nowadays to closed spaces. This necessitates the necessity of evaluating marketplaces as public space. The two major marketplaces in Barcelona, the examples of The Encants Vells Flea Market and Santa
Caterina Market show that architecture and the transition relationship have the potential to include a rhetorical transition / message / solution. In conclusion, the reading method makes the selected relations visible with the transition concept or with any transition state.

Stigmas, or discredited personal attributes, emanate from social perceptions of physical characteristics, aspects of character, and " tribal " associations (e.g., race; Goffman 1963). Extant research has emphasized the perspective of the stigma target, with some scholars exploring how social institutions shape stigma. Yet the ways stakeholders within the sociocommercial sphere create, perpetuate, or resist stigma remain overlooked. The authors introduce and define marketplace stigma as the labeling, stereotyping, and devaluation by and of commercial stakeholders (consumers, companies and their employees, stockholders, and institutions) and their offerings (products, services, and experiences). The authors offer the Stigma Turbine as a unifying conceptual framework that locates marketplace stigma within the broader sociocultural context and illuminates its relationship to forces that exacerbate or blunt stigma. In unpacking the Stigma Turbine, the authors reveal the critical role that market stakeholders can play in (de)stigmatization, explore implications for marketing practice and public policy, and offer a research agenda to further understanding of marketplace stigma and stakeholder welfare.

This case study aims to provide a profound analysis of Tokopedia’s critical success factors. As Indonesia’s largest online marketplace, Tokopedia’s ecosystem has reached 93% of districts in Indonesia across 17,000 islands. Through its impactful yet responsive business strategies, the company has successfully led the Indonesian e-commerce market.
In dissecting the case, this report is presented in 5 parts. The first part examines the highlights of its ten-year journey; the events, the struggles, and turning points prior to become the market leader. The second part analyzes Tokopedia’s internal management and external strategies in shaping their characteristics, handling obstacles, and prevailing their challengers. One of their recipes to success is their responsiveness toward users by captivating and preserving both buyers and sellers with convenient users service, appropriate marketing strategies, and proper communications. The third part investigates the current position and future potential of Tokopedia. This is followed by discussion of the future challenges faced by Tokopedia. This study will also offer several recommendations to strengthen and maintain Tokopedia’s position in the market. One of them is to involve millennials and emerging middle-class populations in Indonesia as their future segments. Finally, the conclusion will highlights fundamental lessons from the success of Tokopedia.
As the world embraces rapid technological and internet advancement in all spheres, this case study, by analysing the success story of a unicorn e-commerce, hopes to offer insights for emerging Asian online marketplace, as well as inspire the readers that Asian brands can rise and win the market.
Keywords: e-commerce, online marketplace, localization, management, Asian culture, national domination strategy.

For a long time, marketplaces were an underrepresented field of research in medieval archaeology. Numerous urban excavations and re-evaluations of evidence from older excavations, however, have significantly increased our level of knowledge over the last three decades. This paper summarises the main findings and uses historical
sources to outline the development of medieval markets. Particular focus is laid on the trading space of ports, which underwent their own development due to the specific conditions of merchant seafaring. This progress can now be understood in a more differentiated way for the first time. Beside markets and other places of trade, backgrounds and actors involved are discussed.
The development of the marketplaces is presented chronologically in three time periods. For the Early Middle Ages, a brief overview over the sources of the Carolingian and Ottonian market policies come first accompanied by archaeological examples of early inland marketplaces. This is followed by the emporia and other trading ports in the North Sea and the Baltic, from which beach and harbour markets as well as other infrastructure are known. The professionalism and mechanisms of early medieval trade are also discussed.
While in the High Middle Ages the number of inland marketplaces increased continuously, an commercial optimisation can be registered at the waterfronts, which is strongly linked to the professionalisation of merchant seafaring. On the one hand, public harbour markets were established in the ports, while on the other hand, private
and individually developed commercial properties appeared. From the late 12th century onwards, we can discern both a change and a diversification. The harbours lost their market function, while long-distance trade shifted to the houses of the merchants inside the town. Furthermore, central marketplaces were established to ensure the supply of the local population. At the same time, the inner-city markets became more diverse, which is expressed by the construction of warehouses, booths and other structures.

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi ini sudah menyentuh seluruh kalangan termasuk masyarakat umum, pemerintah, dan bisnis. Keadaan ini menjadi salah satu faktor pendorong terciptanya persaingan bagi semua kalangan yang khususnya dalam hal ini adalah para pelaku bisnis. Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi juga membuat keadaan pasar semakin dinamis, mengharuskan para pelaku bisnis untuk terus-menerus berimprovisasi dan berinovasi dalam mempertahankan para pelanggannya. E-Service Quality dirancang sebagai perluasan dari kemampuan suatu situs untuk memfasilitasi kegiatan belanja, pembelian, dan distribusi secara efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh E-Service Quality terhadap minat pembelian produk busana muslim di Lazada Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada mahasiswa muslim di daerah Yogyakarta yang pernah mengakses produk busana muslim di situs Lazada Indonesia melalui website atau aplikasi smartphone sebagai responden dengan cara memberikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa muslim di daerah Yogyakarta tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi, dan uji hipotesis, koefisien korelasi (R), dan koefisien determinasi (R 2). Hasil penelitian e-service quality terhadap minat beli konsumen diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0,548 ini berarti bahwa korelasi antara variabel independen (e-service quality) dengan variabel dependen (minat beli konsumen) memiliki korelasi keeratan kuat sebesar 0,548. Sementara hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa t hitung (6,740) > t tabel (1,982) yang artinya Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak yang berarti e-service quality berpengaruh terhadap minat beli konsumen.

Las relaciones sociales surgen y se desarrollan, en gran parte, en los espacios públicos. Todas las ocupaciones espaciales provisionales de acuerdo a las actividades que se realizan en los mismos quedan en la memoria colectiva enriqueciendo la misma. Una de esas actividades es el mercado tradicional que muta desde el espacio abierto al edificio cerrado especializado. El análisis y evolución de esta transformación del espacio de mercado tradicional en tres localidades guipuzcoanas, Ordizia, Tolosa y Donostia-San Sebastián, intenta dotar de instrumentos para concebir el desarrollo futuro de los mismos.

ABSTRAK Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan salah satu kekuatan pendorong pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat, perannya cukup vital untuk menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan lapangan pekerjaan. UMKM perlu memiliki jaringan yang kuat dan media pemasaran online pada usahanya agar terus tumbuh dan dapat bertahan dari persaingan industri pasar domestik maupun global. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, maka dibuat suatu penelitian untuk membuat aplikasi yang dapat menggabungkan beberapa UMKM serta dapat memperluas jangkauan pasar UMKM. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan study literature. Tahap pembuatan aplikasi meliputi analisis kebutuhan sistem, perancangan sistem, perancangan antarmuka (interface) dan implementasi. Pengujian dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu black box test yang bertujuan untuk menemukan kesalahan serta mendemonstrasikan fungsional aplikasi saat dioperasikan dan alpha test untuk menguji kelayakan aplikasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan aplikasi penjualan kain dan baju batik berbasis web (e-marketplace) untuk UMKM di Kota Yogyakarta. Hasil pengujian black box test yang dilakukan oleh Rahendra Putra S.Kom. UI/UX Designer di PT. Privy Identitas digital menunjukan bahwa aplikasi sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan fungsional. Hasil pengujian alpha test yang dilakukan oleh karyawan UMKM menunjukan bahwa aplikasi layak digunakan dengan persentase sebanyak 68% sangat setuju, 32% setuju, 0% kurang setuju, 0% tidak setuju. Kata Kunci : marketplace, e-commerce, UMKM I. PENDAHULUAN Dewasa ini teknologi informasi berkembang dengan pesat dan memberikan kemudahan dalam bertukar informasi. Perusahaan yang termasuk dalam industri kecil, menengah maupun perusahaan besar ikut serta memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi tersebut sebagai senjata untuk survive dan memenangkan persaingan bisnis yang semakin ketat. E-marketplace merupakan salah satu bentuk implementasi teknologi informasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan bersaing. Manager Pelaksana Pengembangan UMKM dari Bank Indonesia Yogyakarta memaparkan bahwa Yogyakarta menduduki peringkat ke lima tertinggi pengguna internet di Indonesia, namun dari sisi UMKM hanya 8,9% saja yang go online. Hal itu meyebabkan pelaku bisnis UMKM seringkali mendapatkan hambatan dan persoalan yang terjadi di lapangan dalam menjalankan kegiatan bisnisnya. Sebagai contoh para pelaku bisnis UMKM masih tergantung pada suplier local yang ada. Sebagian besar para pelaku bisnis UMKM Umbulharjo hanya memanfaatkan jaringan bisnis konvensional dalam memasarkan produknya. Hal tersebut disayangkan karena akan berdampak pada pemasaran produk yang hanya berputar pada sekitar Kota Yogyakarta dan permintaan produk yang relatif stagnan. Kemudian masalah lainnya yaitu pelanggan yang ingin membeli suatu produk diharuskan untuk mendatangi langsung ke tempat penjualan. Hal tersebut tentunya sangatlah tidak efisien bagi para pelanggan yang mempunyai aktivitas padat. Disamping itu terdapat banyak resiko yang dialami oleh pelanggan, dimulai dari resiko ongkos perjalanan, resiko keselamatan dan resiko lainnya.

Savremeni komparatisti poput Davida Damroša, Paskal Kazanove i Frenka Moretija razvili su nova shvatanja tradicionalnog pojma svetske književnosti. Svaki od ovih autora posvetio je manju ili veću pažnju njenom odnosu sa tržištem. Polazeći od njihovih stavova, a uz kratak osvrt na koncepciju Dionisa Đurišina, u ovom radu će se eksplicirati na koji način data veza može da se razume. U njemu se identifikuju osnovni problemi koje tržište postavlja pred svetsku književnost, kao i posledice koje za nju tržišna logika može da ima. U prvom koraku izlaže se pregled aktuelnih shvatanja pojma svetske književnosti i njene relacije sa tržištem. Potom se vrši analiza konteksta u kome se razvijaju i međusobno presecaju ideja svetske književnost i kapitalistički modus proizvodnje. U sklopu ovoga pruža se osvrt na uspostavljanje globalne cirkulacije kapitala, koja implicira komodifikaciju teksta i obrazovanje globalne/svetske čitalačke javnosti. Rad zaključuje presekom aktuelnog stanja na književnom tržištu, identifikujući centre cirkulacije kapitala kulturne industrije i njihov zanačaj za uspostavljanje, održavanje i oblikovanje svetske književnosti danas. Sa ove pozicije pruža se i kritička procena prednosti i nedostataka navedenih savremenih teorija svetske književnosti.

This chapter draws attention to the trends of decline recently taking place at the traditional marketplaces of Eastern Europe. An ethnographically rich account relates patterns of socio-material and spatial re-ordering of people, practices and relationships at the open-air markets of Sofia (Bulgaria) to a neoliberal restructuring of the public marketplace institution. The chapter follows how a new policy of public tenders championed by the city administration instituted a regime of continuous commodification of the marketplace space. Several resulting “patterns of decline” are identified, such as the departure of the traditional small-scale food growers. Further, it is argued that to understand how patterns of decline set in at Eastern European marketplaces, one needs to consider how citizens are constrained to specific economic niches, social milieus and regions of space in the city. To this end, Venkov theorises processes of “socio-spatial sorting” and explores what concrete forms the sorting of people, places and practices could take in Sofia and its marketplaces.

Much of the work performed by the global translation industry is handled by freelance labor. This segment of the industry has seen a radical structural transformation that has accompanied a radical transformation in the media environment that supports its work. The emergence of online freelance translation marketplaces has married the logics of standardization, automation, and protocol to casual labor, motivated by incremental profit and lubricated by entrepreneurialism. Customs and practices native to contemporary internet culture generate a freelance translation machine made of equal parts flesh and silicon that manages skilled labor algorithmically. In parallel with the specific case of freelance translation practices, this article develops and deploys a notion of algorithmic culture that accounts for the integration of human cognition in computational processes. Consequently, the possibility emerges that users instrumentalize algorithms even as algorithms instrumentalize users.

Tutkielmassa ajoitetaan kuva-aiheiden perusteella vuoden 2013 Lahden
kauppatorin kaivauksilta löydetyt 54 piipunkoppaa tai -kopan palaa.
Aineistoon kuuluu liitu- ja posliinipiippujen lisäksi merenvaha-, punasavi ja
puupiippu sekä esine, jota on mahdollisesti käytetty piippuna. Kuva-aiheiden
avulla selvitetään myös piippujen valmistaja- ja tyyppitietoja sekä
otetaan huomioon piippulöydöt osana Lahden kylän historiaa. Valtaosa
ajoitetuista piipuista sijoittuu 1700- ja 1800-luvuille ja suurin osa niistä on
ruotsalaista tai mahdollisesti jopa kotimaista alkuperää. Tarkastellut
mahdollisesti saksalaisvalmisteiset posliinipiiput ajoittuvat 1800- ja 1900-
lukujen alkupuolien välille. Ajoituksien tarkkuuteen vaikuttavat
piipunkoppien kunto sekä tutkimuskirjallisuuden kattavuus, mikä näkyy
etenkin harvemmin esiintyvistä materiaaleista valmistettujen piippujen sekä
aiempien typologioiden ulkopuolelle jääneiden piippujen ajoituksien
väljyydessä.

O platformă de marketplace este o platformă online unde produsele sau serviciile sunt oferite de o serie de vânzători (sellers) distincți. Marketplace-ul cunoaște în ultimii ani o creștere exponențială declanșând o revoluție în comerțul online și o schimbare de paradigmă a raporturilor comerciale. Dintre exemplele cele mai sonore și mai ales de succes, amintim Amazon, companie americană, Alibaba, companie chineză, Emag, Airbnb, eBay și lista poate continua. Conform studiilor efectuate, o bună parte din achizitiile globale se realizează prin intermediul acestor platforme online, numai în Europa existând peste 220 platforme de marketplace dintre care 39 în Germania, 24 în Franța și 14 în Italia. Din perspectiva consumatorului beneficiile sunt evidente: marketplace-ul oferă "one-stop shopping" pentru o gama variată de produse; prețuri mai avantajoase, time saving pentru consumatori. Dincolo de beneficiile consumatorului există și beneficii la nivelul relației business to business (B2B), cum ar fi o creștere rapidă în vizibilitate a produselor și a prețurilor practicate, o înțelegere mai extinsă a comportamentului consumatorului, prin profilarea acestuia în materie de tendințe și achiziții, precum și o mai mare operativitate din punct de vedere logistic. Dezvoltarea unui astfel de comerț online aduce cu sine și o serie de provocări, unele dintre ele, la nivel juridic.

Recent research by the Call42 group has shown that South African Christians experience that they are not adequately prepared or equipped for Christian living and discipleship in the world of work – here called the marketplace. This article has argued for the importance of a rediscovery of a theology of work that can empower and equip the church and individual Christians for ministry in the marketplace. The article traces why such a theological deficiency exists in the South African church by considering areas such as an inadequate theology of work and mission, a dualism between faith and work, and an unbalanced emphasis on the role of clergy and a lesser focus on the role of the laity in the missio Dei. Having considered these challenges to the mission and theological identity of the church, the article discusses the three general theological views of the church in South Africa as presented by Smit and adapted by Forster. It considers how the church could become an agent of mission and transformation in the marketplace in each of these three forms. The article comes to the conclusion that the church will need to revisit its missional theology, refocuses its efforts on broader society, and empowers and equips its members for ministry in the marketplace in order to be faithful in partnering with God in the missio Dei.

Prior to the collapse of communism, hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese migrants
arrived in various localities throughout COMECON countries by way of programs of
mutual cooperation and “socialist solidarity,” including East Germany. Since the fall of
the Berlin Wall, many former contract workers have become entrepreneurs mostly
engaged in wholesaling and retailing. Local markets, increasingly comprised of diverse
peoples, play key roles in postsocialist economic development while transnationally
linking a variety of geographical and sociocultural spaces. Based on ethnographic
fieldwork in bazaars in Berlin, Prague, and Warsaw, this paper addresses questions of
spatial continuities between the socialist past and the postsocialist present, mobility
and transnational social and economic practices, and bazaars as sites of power and
conflict.

The computer systems of government agencies are notoriously complex. New technologies are piled on older technologies, creating layers that call to mind an archaeological dig. Obsolete programming languages and closed mainframe designs offer barriers to integration with other agency systems. Worldwide, these unwieldy systems waste billions of dollars, keep citizens from receiving services, and even -- as seen in interoperability failures on 9/11 and during Hurricane Katrina -- cost lives. In this book, Alon Peled offers a groundbreaking approach for enabling information sharing among public sector agencies: using selective incentives to "nudge" agencies to exchange information assets. Peled proposes the establishment of a Public Sector Information Exchange (PSIE), through which agencies would trade information.

After describing public sector information sharing failures and the advantages of incentivized sharing, Peled examines the U.S. Open Data program, and the gap between its rhetoric and results. He offers examples of creative public sector information sharing in the United States, Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, and Iceland. Peled argues that information is a contested commodity, and draws lessons from the trade histories of other contested commodities -- including cadavers for anatomical dissection in nineteenth-century Britain. He explains how agencies can exchange information as a contested commodity through a PSIE program tailored to an individual country's needs, and he describes the legal, economic, and technical foundations of such a program. Touching on issues from data ownership to freedom of information, Peled offers pragmatic advice to politicians, bureaucrats, technologists, and citizens for revitalizing critical information flows.

Belanja online ini merupakan salah satu fenomena yang kerap kali kita jumpai di masa sekarang, dimana merambahnya era industry 4.0 dibidang ekonomi, sehingga berbelanja bisa dari mana saja dan kapan saja, tidak terbatas ruang dan waktu. Mungkin teman-teman sekalian sudah tidak asing dengan kata "Marketplace" bukan ?

Ce rapport de recherche repose sur l’analyse de 186 pétitions envoyées au Comité des marchés de Montréal entre 1840 et 1880. Créé en 1840, le Comité des marchés est chargé de la gestion et de l’organisation des marchés, de la formulation de la règlementation et de son application. À cette époque, différents aspects de la gestion et de la règlementation des marchés font souvent l’objet de revendications de la part des commerçants et des clients. Ces derniers adressent au Comité des marchés des pétitions et des lettres de plainte à ce sujet. Ce rapport propose d’étudier, d’une part, les processus et facteurs qui façonnent la règlementation des marchés publics montréalais et, d’autre part, la place occupée par les commerçants et citoyens dans leur gestion à travers la pratique pétitionnaire. Cette étude vise donc à comprendre l’utilisation de la pétition dans le contexte de gestion des marchés publics
montréalais entre 1840 et 1880.

En premier lieu, nous abordons les tendances historiographiques et thématiques liées aux marchés publics, dont les notions d’espace public et de pratique pétitionnaire. Bien que les marchés publics aient reçu beaucoup d’attention de la part des historiens, la question des pétitions n’a que très peu été abordée. Notre analyse se fait en deux parties. D’abord, nous étudions le cadre de la gestion des marchés montréalais en présentant la mise en place et le fonctionnement du Comité des marchés ainsi que la gestion et la règlementation des marchés. La deuxième partie de notre analyse est concentrée sur l’analyse d’un échantillon de 186 pétitions. Nous y démontrons que la pratique pétitionnaire permet aux acteurs des marchés de participer à la gestion des marchés publics en utilisant la pétition comme outil de revendication. La pétition, dans ce contexte, est surtout utilisée par les commerçants des marchés. Leurs demandes, généralement de type personnel, sont souvent satisfaites. Si les autorités démontrent une ouverture dans la réception et le traitement des pétitions — la majorité étant traitées dans un délai relativement court — peu de demandes conduisent à une modification de la règlementation des marchés.

“Our cities are that mixture, they’re full of recently arrived farmers, even if was 20 years ago”. That’s the way Canclini (2003) describes the Latin-American cities, as a hybrid scenario between the countryside and the city, as a context that debates between its farmer past and modernity, where different Latin-American cultures’ traditional and folkloric expressions of identity and diversity, refuse to disappear, manifesting through diverse spaces or conservation cores, fighting to stay alive in times of globalization, even facing different migratory processes, risking their own popular and traditional practices, from gastronomy and material folklore, to religious and superstitious beliefs.
Within these cores of expression and resistance of folklore and diversity, galleries, popular markets, central markets or market places become a cultural preservation space, where these beliefs and traditional practices of gastronomic heritage and pop culture stay alive and active, as a testimony of the Latin American cities’ rural, farmer and pre-Hispanic past. 
In 2011, the “Siga, Bien Pueda: A Graphic Approach on Galleries, Market Places and Fruit Shops in Colombia” project is born, with the purpose of register and analyze these spaces, considering them as cultural preservation cores, that allow a look into the identity, customs, traditions and diversity of assorted towns and cities across the country, extending afterwards to a continental extent, with observations in the United States, Panamá and Ecuador.

In the past, urban design teaching and practice have focused on the design of urban spaces as being the modulation of the physical aspects of the fabric while the complex social processes that contribute to its making have not been included. More recently, a few practitioners and educationists have voiced concern about this and suggested instead an alternative path where the design effort is based on field-intensive mapping exercises to understand the ground reality. With this background, the broader objective of this paper is to understand how an urban design studio can contribute to a pedagogy for a people-centric approach to urban design and planning. Specifically, the paper draws upon lessons learned from a studio that focused on an informal marketplace in the city of Ahmedabad, India. It finds that understanding the everyday life of an urban space can reveal underlying patterns and systems that urban designers can incorporate into the planning of public spaces. The key contribution of this paper is to provide empirical evidence for these patterns and systems generated through studio exercises in order to show how they can contribute to a design language for developing sustainable urban spaces.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the breakdown of the East German Socialistmgovernment, thousands of former contract workers from Vietnam stayed in the then reunified Germany. Due to their resulting precarious economic situation, a large number of these migrants became engaged in small business
and petty trade. Some of them, women in particular, have become successful entrepreneurs and wholesalers in recently built bazaars in the eastern parts of Berlin. Most interestingly, parts of these urban spaces, former industrial areas on the periphery of Germany’s capital, have been transformed into religious places.
This article explores the formation of female Vietnamese Buddhist networks on the grounds of Asian wholesale markets. It argues that transnational mobilities in a post-socialist setting encourage border-crossing religious activities, linking people and places to various former socialist countries as well as to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Further, by considering political tensions between Vietnamese in the eastern and western part of Berlin, this contribution illustrates the negotiation of political sensitivities among diasporic Vietnamese in reunited Germany. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among female lay Buddhists, it focuses on entrepreneurship and investigates the relationship between business, migration, and religious practices.

Title: "The “cooperative marketplace” as a point of pride and a challenge for the socialist system" | Abstract: Open-air marketplaces during state socialism in Eastern Europe are often described as being in conflict with the regime’s ideology and grudgingly tolerated. Taking as a case study the largest marketplace of Sofia, “Georgi Kirkov”, and by drawing on oral history, the contemporary press, and a visual photographic archive, it is demonstrated that the institution of the “cooperative marketplace” was a very well integrated part of the socialist regime – both in its practical governance and on an ideological level. The research suggests that overcoming ideological contradictions was possible because socialist governance itself was more dynamic and contradictory than is given credit for. It is shown, for example, that state managers and planners were readily and creatively appropriating elements of capitalist and even neoliberal thinking. Finally, it is explored how the vibrancy at the marketplace and the seeding of zones for entrepreneurial opportunity did open breaches in both the economic logic of state socialism and the self-conception for a “good socialist society”.

Resumo: Na sociedade contemporânea a relação entre literatura, cultura, mercado e entretenimento é bastante tênue. Diante destes elementos, a presente pesquisa objetivou investigar, entre o público juvenil de um Instituto Federal, seus comportamentos de consumo mediados pela influência literária. Walter Benjamin (1994) compreende que o objeto artístico e a literatura podem ser pensados como mercadorias que chegam ao público, passíveis de ser compradas e consumidas por muitos. Para Canclini (2008), os grandes fenômenos literários destinados ao consumo em escala global foram originados da influência capitalista em seus desdobramentos sociais e políticos e, também, auxiliam na dinâmica desses mesmos processos, ultrapassando o nicho literário. Buscou-se, assim, mapear, entre os jovens participantes, hábitos literários e culturais relacionados ao mercado e ao entretenimento. Para tanto foi utilizado o suporte teórico-metodológico, aliado à pesquisa de campo, com o propósito de estudar a relação que os jovens integrantes da pesquisa estabelecem com a literatura destinada ao consumo em grande escala e mediada pela indústria cultural. Verificou-se, por intermédio de um questionário autoaplicável, a situação socioeconômica dos alunos investigados, padrões de consumo e, de que maneira, a literatura com amplo alcance midiático tem exercido influência sobre o comportamento dos jovens em suas decisões de compra e entretenimento. Palavras-chave: Literatura. Jovens. Consumo. Mercado. Entretenimento. Abstract: In contemporary society the relationship between literature, culture, market and entertainment is quite tenuous. Faced with these elements, the present research aimed to investigate, among the youth audience of a Federal Institute, their consumption behavior mediated by literary influence. Walter Benjamin (1994) understands that the artistic object and literature can be thought of as products that reach the public, which can be bought and consumed by many. For Canclini (2008), the great literary phenomena destined for consumption on a global scale were originated from the capitalist influence in their social and political developments and, also, help in the dynamics of these same processes, going beyond the literary niche. Literary and cultural habits related to the market and entertainment among the young participants were mapped. Theoretical-methodological support was used, in conjunction with the field research, in order to study the relationship that the young members of the research establish with the literature intended for consumption on a large scale and mediated by the cultural industry. It was verified through a self-administered questionnaire, the socioeconomic situation of the investigated students, consumption patterns and, in a way, the 1 Doutora em Letras-Estudos de Literatura, pela UFRGS. Professora EBTT-CMPA.