Movements

El artículo ofrece en primer lugar una perspectiva general sobre la era urbana, entendida como un nuevo tiempo global donde las ciudades juegan un papel central, en tanto que espacios que producen y reflejan las grandes dinámicas vertebradoras de las primeras décadas del siglo XXI. Ello permite situar un segundo elemento de discusión: lo común y la proximidad como posibles respuestas donde generar proyectos colectivos de protección y reconocimiento. En ese sentido, el artículo plantea los retos clave de empoderamiento de las ciudades en redes horizontales de gobernanza. En un plano más concreto, la reflexión se traslada a la evolución del municipalismo en España: la trayectoria de tres décadas de gobiernos locales democráticos, las dinámicas recientes de movilización urbana, y el nuevo escenario surgido de las elecciones de 2015. A partir de ahí, el artículo plantea la posible configuración de un nuevo municipalismo definido por dos dimensiones: una agenda de políticas urbanas comprometidas con el derecho a la ciudad; y una agenda de prácticas urbanas vinculadas a la construcción del común. La Obra Social de la PAH se expone, finalmente, como caso que permite articular ambos aspectos: la producción de comunes urbanos y el ejercicio del derecho a la vivienda.

The article firstly draws an overall perspective on the urban age, a new global time where the cities play a central role as spaces which produce and reflect the key dynamics of the 21st Century. On this grounds, a second set of ideas are brought together: the common and proximity as possible answers to create collective projects of protection and recognition. In this sense, the article discusses the main challenge of empowering cities within systems of network multilevel governance. More concretely, the development patterns of local government in Spain are considered: three decades of democratic local government, the recent emergence of new urban movements, and the scenario after the 2015 local election. At this point the article deals with the shaping of a new municipalist model defined by a twofold dimension: a policy agenda committed with the right to the city, and a set of urban practices oriented to common-building. Finally, the Obra Social de la PAH is considered as a case study which allows the analysis of both aspects: the production of urban commons and the access right to affordable housing.

The aim of this study is to examine children bedroom furnitures “cribs”, “cradles”, “baby hammock” and “beds” in line with the development of design history. The forms of the children bedroom furnitures are discussed in the perspective of movement and design category which they belong to.   
The different designs of children bedroom furnitures are discussed in accordance with the development of design history such as Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Empire, Gothic, Art Nouveau, Modern Movement, Pop Design styles. Moreover, these children furnitures are interpreted in the perspective of four design form categories as crystallized (constructive), integral, energetic, organic form categories.
The method of this study is qualitative research and the method of fundamental data collection is based on document analysis. In line with the development of design history, mainly museum archives and also recent resources constitute the visual and printed document of this research. In the study process; after collecting visual and printed data, the conclusions are figured out by descriptive data analysis and interpretation.
After examining the children bedroom furnitures in accordance with the development of design history, results of the study show that forms of the children bedroom furnitures belong to different movements and different design categories.

The distribution and diet of the elephants of the Maputo Elephant Reserve were studied using dung counts, satellite tracking and faecal analysis. The results were compared with earlier data from before the civil war in Mozambique. The elephant population decreased during the civil war, but 180 animals still remain. Earlier studies described the elephants as preferring the grass plains. Currently, the elephants prefer the dense forest patches over the high quality forage found in the grass plains. Water salinity affected distribution; elephant dung piles were found closer to fresh water in the dry season. A total of 95 different plant species were identified in the faeces. The percentage of grass was relatively low compared with other studies, increasing at the beginning of the rainy season. At the end of the dry season, elephants concentrated on the few available browse species with young leaves, but generally preferred grass species to browse species. Diet composition was mainly affected by season and less by habitat. The elephants have changed their habitat preference in reaction to poaching, and probably increased the contribution of browse species in the diet. The presence of forest patches has been vital for the survival of the elephants.RésuméOn a étudié la distribution et le régime alimentaire des éléphants de la Réserve áéléphants de Maputo en utilisant le comptages des crottes, le tracking par satellite et l'analyse des excréments. On a comparé les résultats avec des données recueillies avant la guerre civile au Mozambique. La population d'éléphants a baissé pendant la guerre civile mais il reste 180 animaux. Des études antérieures montraient que les éléphants préféraient les plaines herbeuses. Actuellement, ils préfèrent les ı^lots de forêt dense au fourrage de haute qualité qui se trouve dans les plaines herbeuses. La salinité de l'eau modifie la distribution; on trouvait les crottes d’éléphants plus près de l'eau douce en saison sèche. On a identifié un total de 95 espèces végétales différentes dans les excréments. Le pourcentage d'herbes était relativement bas par rapport aux études antérieures, il augmentait au début de la saison des pluies. A la fin de la saison sèche, les éléphants se concentraient sur les quelques espèces de buissons comestibles ayant des jeunes feuilles, mais ils préféraient généralement les espèces herbeuses aux buissons. La composition du régime était surtout affectée par la saison et moins par l'habitat. Les éléphants ont changé leurs préférences en matière d’habitat en réaction au braconnage et ont sans doute ainsi augmenté la contribution des espèces buissonnantes dans le régime alimentaire. La présence des ı^lots forestiers a été vitale pour la survie des éléphants.

Sixty-eight yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, (60-135 cm fork length) were caught and released with implanted archival tags offshore off Baja California, Mexico, during October 2002 and October 2003. Thirty-six fish (53%) were recaptured and the data were downloaded from all 36 recovered tags. Time at liberty ranged from 9 to 1,161 days, and the data were analyzed for the 20 fish that were at liberty for 154 or more days. The accuracy in the position estimates, derived from light-level longitude data and sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) based latitude, is about 0.41° in longitude and 0.82° in latitude, in this region. The movement paths, derived from position estimates, for the 20 yellowfin indicated that 19 (95%) remained within 1,445 km of their release locations. The estimated mean velocity along movement paths was 77 km/day. The southern and northern seasonal movement paths observed for yellowfin off Baja California are influenced by the seasonal movements of the 18°C SST isotherm. Cyclical movements to and from suitable spawning habitat (≥24°C SST) was observed only for mature fish. For the 12 fish that demonstrated site fidelity, the mean 95 and 50% utilization distributions were 258,730 km2 and 41,260 km2, respectively. Evaluations of the timed depth records resulted in discrimination of four distinct behaviors. When exhibiting type-1 diving behavior (78.1% of all days at liberty) the fish remained at depths less than 50 m at night and did not dive to depths greater than about 100 m during the day. Type-2 diving behavior (21.2% of all days at liberty) was characterized by ten or more dives in excess of 150 m during the day. Type-2 diving behavior is apparently a foraging strategy for fish targeting prey organisms of the deep-scattering layer during the day, following nighttime foraging within the mixed layer on the same prey. Yellowfin tuna exhibited occasional deep-diving behavior, and some dives exceeded 1,000 m, where ambient temperatures were less than 5°C. Surface-oriented behavior, defined as the time fish remained at depths less than 10 m for more than 10 min, were evaluated. The mean number and duration of surface-oriented events per day for all fish was 14.3 and 28.5 min, respectively. Habitat utilization of yellowfin, presented as monthly composite horizontal and vertical distributions, indicates confined geographical distributions, apparently resulting from an affinity to an area of high prey availability. The vertical distributions indicate greater daytime depths in relation to a seasonally deeper mixed layer and a greater proportion of daytime at shallower depths in relation to a seasonally shallower mixed layer.

Movements and activity patterns of an adult radio-tagged female brown bear accompanied by her cubs were documented for the first time in Rodopi area (NE Greece) from August 2000 to July 2002. Average daily movements were 2.45 ±2.26 SD km, (range 0.15-8.5 km). The longest daily range could be related to human distur- bance (hunting activity).The longest seasonal distance (211

The biology of small marsupials is poorly known because most species are nocturnal and arboreal. Using the spool-and-line device, we investigated the use of vertical space by male and female Marmosops incanus in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park. Diameter and slopes of supports also were compared. The species was sexually dimorphic in body size, males weighing on average 72.6 g and females 48.1 g, but males and females did not differ in the frequency of ground movements (GM) and understory movements (UM), or in diameter and slopes of supports used. Males and females also used the forest strata similarly, moving 67% on the ground and 33% in the understory. Both sexes used 0.9–1.7 cm support diameters, and support slopes near the horizontal (more than 50% of cases), but preferred to access a given height by moving on high slope supports (mostly near 90°). Sexual dimorphism in body size does not seem to constrain movements of M. incanus.Die Biologie kleiner Beuteltiere ist wenig bekannt, da die meisten Arten nachtaktiv und arboreal sind. Mittels der Spool-and-Line-Methode wurde die vertikale Raumnutzung von männlichen und weiblichen Tieren der Art Marmosops incanus im Serra-dos-Órgãos-Nationalpark untersucht. Durchmesser und Neigung der genutzten tragenden Strukturen wurden verglichen. Die Art zeigte geschlechtsspezifische Gewichtsunterschiede: Männchen wogen durchschnittlich 72.6 g, Weibchen im Durchschnitt 48.1 g. Die Geschlechter unterschieden sich jedoch nicht hinsichtlich der Aufenthaltsfrequenz am Boden oder im Unterholz und auch nicht bezüglich Durchmesser und Neigung sie tragender Strukturen. Sowohl Männchen als auch Weibchen verbrachten ca. zwei Drittel der Zeit am Boden und ein Drittel im Unterholz. Der Geschlechtsdimorphismus in der Körpergröße bei M. incanus scheint demnach keine Auswirkungen auf die Bewegungen oder Beweglichkeit zu haben.

The potential for long distance movements of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from six UK and Irish study sites was examined using photographs of natural markings. Here we provide the first evidence for long-term re-sightings between the Moray Firth, Inner Hebrides and across international borders to the Republic of Ireland as established for eight individuals over a ten year period, from 2001 to 2010. Minimum dispersal distances of up to 1,277km were determined, providing a new distance record for the species in European waters. Although none of the sightings were made within protected areas, several were made in waters used by animals from a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) revealing some evidence for connectivity between areas previously regarded as discrete. Our findings highlight the need to mitigate broader-scale anthropogenic impacts affecting these dolphins across multiple sites throughout their coastal range. Accordingly, we underline the importance of developing wider conservation measures for this species in UK and Irish waters, but particularly in identified corridor areas potentially linking core SACs in the Moray Firth, Cardigan Bay and Shannon Estuary.