NGO

This paper compares Japan and the US as they provide different types of capital to the developing world, focusing especially on foreign aid and, to some extent, also on remittances and the role of NGOs. The main focus is on the quality of aid and on past conceptual differences and on an emerging convergence between these two major donors, with Japan having the potential advantage of being able to bring its own historical experience in development to bear.

A growing stream of research finds several relations between economic growth and corruption. Government implement various strategies to diminished corruption and also technology often plays an dominant role to face it. Among various technologies alteration, Block-chain technology that becomes an effective and efficient way to resolving issues related to corruption. This paper represents a brief knowledge related to Block-Chain technology as it is a kind of distributed database, public ledger of all transactions that have been executed and shared among participating parties. Each and every transaction in the public ledger is verified by a majority of the participants in the system. The possible risk related to current scenario and give brief idea for resolving that problem with the help of block chain technology. Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) which aim is to tackle some of society's issues. NGO faces difficulty in terms of maintaining and gaining the support from donors, funds. In recent decades there have been examples of corruption misconduct scandals impacting the public image and reputation of NGOs. It is clear that public trust in NGOs is affected adversely by such event. Doubts arise in terms of Where donation ends up? Who is leading the organization? Is donated money are used in proper direction? So as a part of it, a need is raised to solve such issues for the society. For the above stated problem regarding management of funds in NGOs, we propose a solution by using Block-Chain technology among various technologies alteration available. Block-Chain offers the way to eliminate the doubts by providing data security, immutability, transparency. So, Block Technology can offer the NGO industry to regain the trust of public.

Cet article analyse le rôle central joué par les Aliments Thérapeutiques Prêts à l'Emploi (ATPE) dans les transformations contemporaines de la réponse à la malnutrition infantile. Par cette entrée nous illustrons la manière dont un objet socio-technique innovant contribue, en Afrique, à transformer une « pathologie sociale » en un problème légitime de santé publique transnationale.
En brossant la genèse complexe de ces produits, entre recherche, industrie et aide humanitaire, nous soulignons que leur caractère innovant relève essentiellement de la définition négociée, en contexte, de leurs usages par les soignants et les patients.
Nous analysons ensuite comment ces solutions locales co-construites se généralisent. A travers les déplacements de la prise en charge de la malnutrition que ces produits autorisent (de l'hôpital au domicile, du médecin à la mère, du risque individuel au danger collectif) nous dessinons les modalités du passage du colloque singulier à une médecine de masse, d’une sanitarisation à une médicalisation puis à une biomédicalisation de la réponse à la malnutrition.
Cette biomédicalisation se révèle doublement paradoxale car en déployant ces produits les acteurs de la médecine humanitaire contribuent à une démédicalisation et à une « pharmaceuticalisation » de la question de la faim extrême qui, en trouvant une solution technique « simple » tend, en partie, à se dépolitiser.

Much is spoken and written about the liberal nature of global trade and its relation to democracy and freedoms. Trade representatives of the transatlantic free trade agreement (TAFTA | TTIP) have talked about the importance of the negotiations being transparent, accountable, and participative. However, a number of leaked draft texts of other free trade agreements being negotiated by the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) indicate that these promises are mostly empty. A leaked European Commission (EC) communiqué further evidences an attempt to establish a “mainstream media narrative” about the TAFTA | TTIP in order to reduce the “anxiety” of EU citizens and consumers. This article carefully analyzes the manners in which the negotiations of the TAFTA | TTIP are proving to be untransparent, lacking in participation, and unaccountable. The purpose of these analyses is not merely to present evidence that this is actually the case at hand, but also to clarify why transparency, accountability, and participation are crucial to the negotiations on transatlantic trade. Lastly, the article suggests that the TAFTA | TTIP negotiations learn from the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) Marrakesh Treaty, characterized as an "exemplary exercise of transparency, civil society participation, and multilateral cooperation".

Since 1980s, the global trend of international major donor agencies has been to divert aid from the state to Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) for the reasons of good governance, better accountability, more transparency and efficient service delivery. This has also been the case in the South Pacific island countries and particularly in Fiji after the 1987 coups. This re-direction of funds from the state to CSOs had two major impacts on the role of the state in service delivery. First, it led to the reduction of the role of the state in distributing funds to CSOs for service delivery. Second, the state is no longer able to 'control' the whole process of service delivery and gain people's sympathy and political mileage, as was the case in the pre-1987 coup period. This paper will unravel the 'rolling back' of Fijian state and examine the increasing role of Fiji Council of Social Services (FCOSS) and individual CSOs in service delivery. In particular, this paper wi...

In considering civil society and social capital in Japan, we cannot neglect the traditions from pre-modern times which have given Japan its thick layer of voluntary associational activities and a history of human relationships with society based on trust. However, the concept of civil society proper was quite alien in Japan until the 1990s, when civil society began to play a major role in fiscal concerns and the globalization of society. The social capital of present-day Japan is quite difficult to measure in a concrete, comparative manner. However, Japan continues to aim at a high degree of publicness and social capital in civil society. As a whole, social capital, with its potential in neighborhood associations and &POs as well as rich developmental associations, can presumably maintain its status. In the future, we can expect to see new policies and new associations that follow and maintain this path even under the new progressive regime of 2009 1

This paper brings out perceptions and observations of Tharu communities (Rana and Chaudhary), inhabitants of Shakarpur VDC of Kanchanpur and Gadariya VDCs of Kailali on climate change and its impacts on their livelihood strategies over the years. In addition, the paper explores some initiatives taken by the local communities to minimize its effects and impacts. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were organized to collect and analyze vulnerability contexts on climate change and its impact on various sectors like, agriculture, forest, livestock, biodiversity, infrastructure, human casualties and water sources. Similarly, information on available service providers and their contribution was garnered through secondary sources. Local communities are facing these changes over the time and adapting strategies as per their own traditional knowledge, skills and information. Most of these strategies are biodiversity friendly, economically viable and socially acceptable. However, these innovative s...

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is inhabited by four major ethnic groups: the Bantu, the Nilotic, the Sudanese and the Pygmy. The concept of “Indigenous Pygmy people” is accepted and approved by the government and civil society organisations (CSOs) in the DRC. In the DRC, the term refers to the Mbuti, Baka and Batwa peoples. The exact number of Indigenous Pygmy people in the DRC is unknown. The government estimates it at around 750,000 (1% of the Congolese population)1 but CSOs give a figure of up to 2,000,000 (3% of the population). They are widely acknowledged as the first inhabitants of the national rainforests. They live in nomadic and semi-nomadic groups throughout virtually all of the country’s provinces. Indigenous Peoples’ lives are closely linked to the forest and its resources: they practise hunting, gathering and fishing and treat their illnesses through the use of their own pharmacopoeia and medicinal plants. The forest lies at the heart of their culture and living environment. However, it is little recognised that their traditional knowledge
and practices have significantly contributed to preserving the Congolese forests. Worse, Indigenous Pygmy people’s customary rights are blatantly ignored, and Indigenous groups are often evicted from their traditional territories with neither consent nor compensation. This tenure insecurity has dramatic socioeconomic consequences – from loss of ethnic identity to lethal conflicts, as recently occurred in Tanganyika and around the Kahuzi-Biega National Park. Nevertheless, there is hope. In 2020, the DRC showed the world its commitment to protecting and promoting the rights of Indigenous people through several breakthroughs, including some major progress on the proposed Law on the promotion and protection of Indigenous Pygmy people’s rights.

This paper is a review on lateness in public schools, which has posed a major problem to school administrators in Delta State, Nigeria, especially at the primary and secondary school levels. The author delimited his focus on students, staff and supporting staff in the school system. The salient point is that lateness to schools plagues school administrators, bringing about inefficiencies at work by way of administration. Therefore, this paper highlights the meaning, causes and effects of lateness to schools as related to the school administrator in Delta State, Nigeria. The study also highlighted various remedies to the sordid situation. This review will therefore help school administrators alleviate lateness, a hydra-headed monster plaguing schools in Delta State, Nigeria, and as such bring about easy administration of schools in the region.

Europäische Minderheitenbewegungen scheinen gegenwärtig politisch stärker als je zuvor zu sein. Das vorliegende Buch geht der Frage nach, welche Kräfte und Ressourcen Saamen und Sorben als kleinen ethnischen Minderheitengruppen für eine Mobilisierung zur Verfügung stehen. Grundlage ist dabei die Kombination der Auswertung von Feldforschungsmaterial (darunter ca. 60 Interviews mit Aktivisten und Minderheitenvertretern) mit der Analyse des politisch-juristischen Kontextes. Zum einen werden das Selbstbild und die politischen sowie die kulturellen Forderungen und Vorstellungen von Sorben in Deutschland und Saamen in Finnland nachgezeichnet. Zum anderen geht es darum, den rechtlich institutionalisierten Minderheitenschutz als identitätsstiftenden politischen "Hebel" zu begreifen. Kulturelle Rechte, wie sie in den internationalen Menschenrechts- und Minderheitenschutzbestimmungen formuliert sind, spielen für das Selbstverständnis der sorbischen und saamischen Minderheitenorganisationen eine außerordentlich wichtige Rolle. Das internationalen Minderheitenschutzbestimmungen zugrundeliegende Postulat, Minderheiten seien quasi "natürliche" Gruppen, führt dazu, daß diese - um Schutz beanspruchen zu können - auch tatsächlich zu solchen werden bzw. als solche auftreten. Dabei greifen die Aktivisten notwendigerweise auf Vokabular und Grammatik des Nationalismus zurück.

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of
27 Member States. Its legislative and executive powers are
divided between the EU main institutions: the European Parliament
(co-legislative authority), the Council of the European
Union (co-legislative and executive authority) and the European
Commission (executive authority). In addition, the EU has its
own diplomatic service, the European External Action Service
(with EU Delegations throughout the world).
The EU maintains trade relations with the whole world and
is the biggest donor of development aid. Aside from the influence
within the territory of its Member States and its influence
in international organisations, the EU also has a global impact
as an international key player in the area of human rights, development,
and control of corporate and environmental issues.
The EU is part of the international process of promoting
and protecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples. Four EU Member
States have ratified ILO Convention No 1691 and the EU
supported the adoption of the UNDRIP in 2007 as well as the
Outcome Document of the World Conference on Indigenous
Peoples in 2014.
In recent years, the EU has moved from a relatively passive
position on recognition of Indigenous Peoples' rights to a much
more active involvement in ensuring the effectiveness of these
rights in its policies.

Az Addiktológia - Addictologia Hungarica - a Magyar Addiktológiai Társaság lapja. Ebben a számban a kábítószerproblémákkal foglalkozó civil szervezetek kapcsolatrendszeréről esik szó, és az intravénás mefedronhasználók jellemzőiről, a Kék Pont Alapítvány tűcsere-programja kapcsán. Szó esik az elektronikus prevenció lehetőségeiről rekreációs színtereken, és a "droghalál, drogháború" kérdéséről.