National Register of Historic Places

The Edificio Del Valle is locally significant under Criterion C in the area of Architecture as an outstanding Spanish Renaissance Revival building in San Juan and also representative of the work of a master, renowned Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega Morales (1894-1968).

In the 1980s the National Park Service conducted a survey for the establishment of a National Historic Landmark district. However, they missed the facility located adjacent to historic Launch Complex 5/6 where US manned space flight began. This report assesses the spin test facility and the structures associated with it.

The term "isolated find" has frequently been taken as a disposable artifact category in cultural resource management (CRM). Efforts were made to empirically demonstrate the fallacy of this concept and its use, using modified field sampling strategies, the inclusion of fine screen artifact analysis, and statistical analyses. Six sites containing prehistoric occupations on Camp McCain National Guard base in Grenada County, Mississippi were reinvestigated using these methods; their datasets were expanded in terms of site size, density, function, and temporal association, which may change their eligibility status for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Fieldwork and classification based solutions are offered to account for biases introduced by current standard methods of sampling and site delineation during Phase I archaeological survey.

The property known as Edificio Comunidad de Orgullo Gay de Puerto Rico (commonly known as Casa Orgulllo) is statewide significant under Criterion A, in the area of Social History, as the building served as the meeting hall for the first gay/lesbian organization properly established in Puerto Rico. Founded in 1974, Comunidad de Orgullo Gay became the first gay/lesbian attempt to organize in order to confront the social, political and legal discrimination against the local LGBTQ community.
Inspired by the 1969’s Stonewall Revolt and its aftermath, Comunidad de Orgullo Gay pioneered the organized resistance against the heterosexual social dominance through political action, outreach educational programs, public exposition and confrontation and social support and assistance to the local LGBTQ community. Although short-lived (disbanded by 1976), and with less than fifty-years in achieving its significance, the Edificio Comunidad Orgullo Gay, evaluated under Criteria Consideration G, is exceptionally important as the home of the organization that spearheaded the gay liberation movement in Puerto Rico.

The oral history of the Mattaponi people and the documentary record of the Mattaponi Indian Reservation identify multiple historically significant heritage properties that reflect broad patterns of Native American history within the Commonwealth of Virginia. Surrounded by the Mattaponi River and King William County, the Mattaponi Indian Reservation is home to Algonquian descendants of Tidewater’s indigenous peoples and is one of only two extant Native settlements that have been continuously occupied since colonial times. The reservation’s hamlet, historically called Indian Town, is the location of the community’s Mattaponi Indian Baptist Church, their former Indian School, and the residences of the tribe’s chiefly lineages. Through the National Park Service’s Underrepresented Communities grant, and in collaboration with the state-recognized  Mattaponi Indian Tribe, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources [VDHR] seeks to identify, research, and nominate minority populations’ historically significant locales to the state and national registry of historic places. The VDHR project Continuity Within Change: Virginia Indians National Register Project moves that effort forward, through an archival, ethnographic, and oral history investigation of the Mattaponi people, with attention to the tribe’s historic church and school, and the pre-1950 residences of their tribal membership, including those of their chiefly lineages. This study, conducted by the Department of Anthropology’s American Indian Resource Center at the College of William & Mary, provides the supporting materials necessary for nominating historical Mattaponi heritage properties to the National Register of Historic Places.

The report herein presents the results of a Section 106 compliance review for an existing cultural resources investigation by Archaeological Research and Archaeological Services, Inc. (ASI) efforts to upgrade a report completed for City of Lakeport’s California Environmental Quality Act environmental review program to a report suitable for compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act.  Qualifications of ASI personnel ate provided in Appendix H.  ASI’s report is not meant as a critical review of the technical aspects of the existing report prepared by Archaeological Research, who generously shared all of its project files with ASI and fully cooperated with this investigation.  However, it has been both necessary and appropriate to identify areas where CEQA compliance significantly varies from compliance with federal laws and regulation.  It must be emphasized that Archaeological Research complied fully with the City of Lakeport’s CEQA compliance process, provided documentation appropriate for the City to comply with relevant state laws and regulations, and completed the work in a timely fashion in a way that did not delay the project.  Given the local predilections and vagaries of local CEQA enforcement, we are uncertain if it would have been feasible for Archaeological Research to propose a more extensive program then was undertaken.  Nevertheless, this report identified deficiencies with respect to federal compliance.  Between May 2012 and April 2013 ASI:

• Judged the National Register eligibility of the historical structure that once stood on the APE
• Reviewed the City-implemented CEQA cultural resource program to identify where it falls short of full Section 106 compliance.  Concomitantly, we identified where the Archaeological Research report (Parker 2011a) does not comply with federal reporting standards
• Judged the National Register eligibility of the identified archaeological site (both historical and prehistoric components)
• Consulted with pertinent Native American communities and the local historical society
• Generated stratigraphic profiles for the project area based on geotechnical studies prepared by project engineers Rau and Associates, Ukiah, California
• Prepared California Department of Parks and Recreation primary, structure, archaeological site, and other forms as appropriate, and filed these with the Northwest Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System
• Prepared a final report that complies with the California Office of Historic Preservation’s (OHP) recommended content for Archaeological Resource Management Reports (OHP 1990) and a historic structure report that complies with OHP (2003) content guidelines
• Evaluated the National Register eligibility of a demolished structure and an archaeological site with prehistoric and historic components
• Assessed the effects of the as built project on the identified cultural resources

Catalina State Park is situated approximately 22 km (14 miles) north of Tucson, Arizona. Within this beautiful and pristine desert area lie a large number of relatively undisturbed archaeological sites. The park has witnessed a long and varied history. Sometime after 5000 B.C. Archaic period hunters and gatherers first roamed through the park area in their search for game and edible plants. During the following Hohokam period the park was intensively occupied. A wide range of sites are present, including isolated bedrock mortars, rockshelters, and small sherd and lithic scatters, as well as major habitation and village sites with well-developed agricultural field systems. The Romero Ruin (AZ BB:9:1), which was settled early in the Hohokam Pioneer period, is the largest and most significant village site within the park, and one of the most significant sites within the Tucson Basin in general. The site contains two balicourts, a large Classic period compound, and at least 17 trash mounds, some of which reach a height of more than two meters above the ground surface. Finally, during the historic period Francisco Romero built his ranch house on top of the remains of the Romero Ruin sometime around 1844, when Tucson and much of Arizona were still a part of Mexico, and raids by roving bands of Apaches were commonplace.

This report describes the results of an archaeological survey of Catalina State Park conducted by archaeologists from the Institute for American Research (now Desert Archaeology, Inc.) between February 16 and March 11, 1987. The survey intensively covered 2.65 square miles, centering around the Romero Ruin. Twenty-nine previously unrecorded archaeological sites were discovered, while additional information was collected from thirteen known sites. These
data were used in conjunction with the mapping and intensive surface collection of the Romero Ruin to reconstruct the settlement patterns within the park area. The survey data were also used in the successful nomination of the Catalina State Park area to the National Register of Historic Places as the Sutherland Wash Archaeological District.

The RiverView Mounds Archaeological Site (40MT44) consists of a Mississippian period mound complex and associated cemeteries situated along the Cumberland River in Montgomery County, Tennessee. Historic documentation shows that the site has been recognized as a noteworthy or significant resource since shortly after the American Revolution. Good luck and responsible stewardship have combined to protect intact site deposits over the historic period. RiverView Mounds is one of only a very few Mississippian mound complexes in Middle Tennessee that has not been heavily looted or destroyed as a result of development. As such, the site has tremendous potential to provide significant insight into the Mississippian period.

Report describing the archaeology, significance and history of visitors and excavations that have taken place at the Pompano Beach Mound (Florida Master Site File No. 8BD7), Pompano Beach, Broward County, Florida.  It is accompanied by the documents for the City of Pompano Beach's approval for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places.  The mound is part of a larger prehistoric, Tequesta culture burial ground and one of the last remaining burial tumuli left along the southeast Atlantic coast of Florida that has not been destroyed by construction over the last century.

The Coats-Hines Archaeological Site (40WM31) consists of a Paleoindian butchering site and Pleistocene bone bed located in northern Williamson County, TN. The modern site area is situated on a residential property immediately south of a deeply-incised wet weather stream channel. During the late Pleistocene epoch (ca. 27,000–11,000 BC) the site area included a shallow, intermittent pond, the maximum extent of which has not yet been archaeologically defined. Archaeological examinations since 1977 have documented remains from various species which visited the pond including horse, deer, muskrat, canid, turtle, and at least three mastodons. Excavations in 1994 recovered Paleoindian artifacts from the site in direct association with mastodon remains. Those excavations also identified cut marks on mastodon bones indicative of butchering with stone tools. Radiocarbon dates indicate that this butchering activity occurred between approximately 11,000 and 13,000 BC.

The Coats-Hines site has not been widely published to date, and consequently the integrity of the site and its potential to yield significant data on the lifeways of the earliest Americans have been largely overlooked by Paleoindan scholars. However, archaeological testing in October, 2010 by the Tennessee Division of Archaeology and Middle Tennessee State University reaffirmed that Coats-Hines contains intact deposits in the form of both Pleistocene faunal remains and Paleoindian artifacts. These deposits are sealed beneath nearly 9 feet of archaeologically-sterile overburden, and have been securely dated through a combination of radiocarbon and OCR analysis. The site maintains its preservation, context, and ability to contribute important archaeological data, and is consequently eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Recording Optical Tracking Instrument (ROTI) building at the Melbourne Beach Optical Tracking Annex (MOTA) was slated for demolition. In response to this, the Civil Engineering Squadron/Environmental Planning Division (CES/CEVP), 45th Space Wing (45 SW) submitted a Determination of Adverse Effect package to Compliance Review, Florida Division of Historical Resources in November 2007. As a result of this submittal it was agreed to conduct a historic properties survey of the ROTI Building. The project was conducted in December 2007 through January 2008.

The office buildings for the legislators, adjacent to the Capitolio de Puerto Rico, are significant under Criterion C on a statewide level as they represent an early introduction of the Modern Movement ideals within Puerto Rico’s architectural milieu. By integrating traditional and innovative concepts, materials and construction techniques, their design proves a unique concern towards the island’s tropical context and the preservation of an existing historic monument. Within Toro Ferrer Arquitectos’ body of work, its design stands out as one of their most representative examples of Commonwealth architecture. Despite interior alterations –specifically in the office space layout- and a rehabilitation project carried out in 2004, both buildings retain sufficient integrity to convey their significance.

Built in 1936, Victory Garden is locally significant under Criterion C in the area of architecture as an outstanding Spanish Revival building of San Juan, representative of the apartment building type which resulted from the rise of urban development in the area of Santurce and an excellent example of the work of the renowned Puerto Rican architect Pedro de Castro y Besosa (1895-1936).

The Britt Gardens Site 35JA789 is the former homestead of pioneer photographer, agricultural innovator, and renowned capitalist Peter Britt. The Britt Gardens Site 35JA789 falls within the Jacksonville National Historic Landmark (#66000950), is listed on the local register as a contributing historic resource, and has been a registered archaeological site since 2010. The Britt Gardens Site 35JA789 is eligible for listing in the National Register at the Statewide level under Criterion B in the areas of Art and Landscape Architecture for its intimate association with Peter Britt, who arrived in Oregon in 1852, and worked at this location until his death in 1905. The period of significance for the Britt Gardens Site 35JA789 in the area of Art begins in 1852 and ends in 1905, with the death of Peter Britt, while the period of significance for Landscape Architecture begins in 1852 and ends in 1954, with the death of Peter Britt’s daughter. Britt’s photographs, which documented the people,
places, and events that defined the region throughout the second half of the 19th century, were known throughout the Pacific Northwest. Britt not only captured a changing region through his photographic images,
but also his agricultural innovations, craft businesses, and larger capitalist endeavors helped to shape it. The agricultural industries that he helped to pioneer have come to define the region—with pear orchards a powerful economic driver in the 20th century and grape cultivation and wineries a leading part of the region’s 21st century economy. Britt is also known for creating a formal garden that was historically cherished as a
community space and popular tourist destination, 1 a legacy that continues to this day through the park and outdoor music venue.
The Britt Gardens Site 35JA789 is also eligible for listing in the National Register at the Statewide level under Criterion D in the area of Archaeology and Exploration/Settlement for its ability to provide significant historical information through its robust archaeological deposits.

Site 40DV307 (the Barnes site) is situated along the natural levee of the Cumberland River west of Nashville in Davidson County, Tennessee.  Archaeological investigations at 40DV307 have revealed multi-component prehistoric occupations including intact deposits from the Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian periods of regional prehistory. The Archaic period deposits at 40DV307 are situated approximately 4–¬6.5 feet below modern ground surface and include concentrations of freshwater gastropods and bivalves. Radiocarbon samples and the overall character of these deposits link them to the regional manifestation of the Shell Mound Archaic cultural phase (ca. 6500 – 1000 BC) as it appears within the Middle Cumberland River Valley. In addition to modified stone, lithic tools, and freshwater shellfish, the Archaic shell-bearing levels at 40DV307 contain artifact classes including botanical remains, animal bone, and radiocarbon samples. Both collectively and individually these data classes will produce information significant to our understanding of prehistoric archaeology, human settlement, and culture change in Tennessee and the American Southeast during the mid-Holocene. Consequently, site 40DV307 is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D of 36 CFR 60.4, as related to the Multiple Property listing “Archaic shell-bearing sites of the Middle Cumberland River Valley, Tennessee.”

Over a century of mining native copper in Michigan’s Copper Country has produced several million tons of workable metal and an even greater amount of waste. The remaining rock, tailings, and slag each represent a separate step in the process of hard rock mining, providing tangible links to industrial landscape narratives at both regional and site-specific scales. Recently, the Keweenaw National Historical Park’s Advisory Commission funded a survey of over 350 separate sites of copper mine waste, ranging from multi-acre tailings deposits to slag heaps occupying less than 50 sq. ft. This work resulted in the development of a classification and scoring rubric designed to identify waste sites of greatest
historical significance, authenticity, and integrity. These findings offer insight into understanding and appreciating the residues of extractive practice that in this case, due to the benign nature of the unalloyed copper mined there, pose a lesser threat to the environment compared with most hard rock mining activities.

Single-pass surveys are the norm in CRM.  Private collection over decades or centuries can make such surveys unreliable indicators of the true nature of the distribution of archaeological materials.  While it is often acknowledged that this is possible with small lithic scatters or isolated finds, even substantial habitation sites can be missed or mischaracterized by a single-pass survey in heavily collected areas. I present a case study of a Phase I survey in Dearborn County, Indiana that failed to identify a multi-component site including a terminal Archaic habitation and a Late Prehistoric village due to extensive collecting. Only with the aid of the landowner’s collection could the true nature and significance of the National Register of Historic Places eligible site be discovered. This example, and many others, raise the question of what constitutes a “reasonable and good faith effort” to identify and evaluate archaeological remains within a project area.

This article is the second in a series of updates on Minnesota archaeological sites listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Two new districts were designated in 2010 (one listed, one officially determined eligible). Both are related to historical archaeology. The Stillwater South Main Street Archaeological District contains three sites from the lumber industry on the St. Croix River. The Wood Lake Battlefield Historic District is the site of the final battle of the 1862 U.S.-Dakota War.

The San Francisco Juvenile Court and Detention Home at 150 Otis Street is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A and C at the local level of significance, for its association with the development of the city’s juvenile justice system during the early twentieth century and as the work of master architect Louis Christian Mullgardt. Soon after California passed its first juvenile justice law in 1903, activists - and notably women - in San Francisco began to campaign for the design and construction of a combined and modern juvenile court and detention home. In 1914 the San Francisco Board of Supervisors finally appropriated money for this purpose and appointed master architect Louis Christian Mullgardt to design the new facility. Muilgardt’s design incorporated the most modern theories of juvenile justice. At the time, Mullgardt was also chairing thearchitectural committee for the Panama Pacific International Exposition. His design for the Tower of Abundance and Court of Ages was widely acclaimed and catapulted his professional reputation to new heights. Elements of the tower can be seen in the juvenile detention home, which stands as Muilgardt’s tallest extant building, his first permanent government or institutional building in San Francisco, and one of the few - if not the only - remaining institutional buildings that he designed in San Francisco. The building’s period of significance begins in 1916, its date of construction, and ends in 1930, by which time the building was widely considered inadequate and outdated.

An important step in the evaluation process for listing a property in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) requires an assessment of the integrity of a property. Seven aspects of integrity (location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association) must be evaluated, often requiring at least one site visit to do so. In this paper, we propose that virtual reality experiences would be valuable for assessing site integrity and for monitoring the long-term condition of rock art sites in Wyoming. Therefore, we created VR experiences at the Tolar and Gateway petroglyph sites using an Insta360 Pro 2 camera and Unity gaming software. We brought the VR models to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) for testing. While some concerns arose over making the VR models available to the general public and maintaining the data sets, the results indicate that the models will be useful during the NRHP nomination process and have potential for monitoring site conditions.

The Supreme Court Building is significant state wide under Criterion C in the area of architecture as an outstanding example of the Modern Movement and its application within the local context. It is also significant under Criterion A, as the building embodies the historical development of Puerto Rico's highest court of law.