Necrópolis

Se presentan los resultados de la excavación arqueológica llevada a cabo en la zona de l’Alfossar de Novelda, que supuso el descubrimiento de una necrópolis en la que se ha constatado una importante cantidad de fosas de inhumación que responden a diferentes tipos y con ritual propio de la cultura islámica.
Palabras clave: Necrópolis. Almohade. Siglo XIII. Novelda (Alicante). Embarazada

We present the results of the recent archeological excavations in l’Alfossar area in Novelda (Alicante province, Spain). The fieldwork has discovered a cemetery whit an important number of burials. The ritual documented corresponds to the Islamic culture.
Key words: Cemetery. Islamic culture. 13th century. Novelda (Alicante Province, Spain). Pregnant

RESUMEN: El estudio de la epigrafía funeraria de Baelo permite identificar a individuos que nacieron y vivieron libres (ingenui), a otros que se vieron abocados a vivir en la esclavitud toda su vida (servi) y a aquellos otros que pudieron escapar de su suerte y ascender a una mejor situación social (liberti). Dentro de aquellos que fueron libres, es posible a veces identificar a los que pertenecieron a la élite local y a aquellos que no sólo no eran ricos ni poderosos, sino que a veces podían tener condiciones de vida inferiores a las de algunos esclavos y libertos de familias ricas y poderosas. Asimismo, la epigrafía funeraria permite identificar a individuos llegados desde la península Itálica y/o sus descendientes y a otros pertenecientes a una importante base demográfica de origen norteafricano, especialmente de Mauritania Tingitana, llegados a Baelo por diversos motivos, pero atraídos en buena medida por las actividades pesqueras y salazoneras desarrolladas en la costa de Baelo. Los datos permiten asimismo defender que el establecimiento de norteafricanos en Baelo, a pesar de que dependió de la iniciativa privada, fue muy importante.

ABSTRACT: The study of funerary epigraphy from Baelo allows to identify individuals who were born and lived free (ingenui), others who were forced to live in slavery all their lives (servi) and others who could escape from their destiny and improve their social situation (liberti). It is sometimes possible to identify among the free people both individuals belonging to the local elite as well as those who were not rich or powerful and that could sometimes have worse living conditions than some slaves and freedmen from rich and powerful families. Likewise, funerary epigraphy identifies individuals arrived from the Italian peninsula and/or their descendants and people belonging to an important demographic base of North African origins, especially from Mauritania Tingitana, who arrived in Baelo for various reasons, especially linked to the fishing and salting activities developed in Baelo’s coast. The data also allow to defend that the establishment of North Africans in Baelo was very important, even though it depended on the private initiative.

Resumen: El descubrimiento en el año 2007 de un sector de una necrópolis hebrea con motivo de la construcción de la Ronda Sur de Lucena, hizo posible la excavación de unas 346 tumbas, constituyendo un hito, por la novedad de sus aportaciones, en el estudio de las necrópolis judías del período andalusi califal y postcalifal (siglos X-XI). El hallazgo, a su vez, de una nueva inscripción hebrea reutilizada en una de las sepulturas ha contribuído a completar un poco más la colección de epígrafes hebreos tan escasa en la Península Ibérica y muy especialmente en la zona andalusí. En último lugar la aparición de numerosos ejemplos de tumbas de fosa y cámara lateral, hasta ahora restringidas al período tardo medieval, ha supuesto la ampliación de su horizonte cronológico. Abstract: The discovery, arising from the construction of the Ronda Sur ring road in the town of Lucena (Córdoba province), of a section of a Jewish necropolis in 2007 led to the excavation of some 346 tombs. The new information obtained from the tombs means that the find constitutes a breakthrough in the study of Jewish necropolises from the Andalusi caliphal and post-caliphal period (10 th-11 th centuries). Furthermore, the discovery of a new Hebrew inscription that had been reused in one of the graves has made the collection of Hebrew epigraphs (few and far between in the Iberian Peninsula and in Andalusia in particular) a little more complete. Lastly, the presence of numerous specimens of tombs comprising a pit and a side chamber, previously only seen in finds dating from the late medieval period, has refined our knowledge of the timespan corresponding to their use. Palabras clave: necrópolis, cronotipología, cámara lateral, epitafio, reutilización.

The rock art necropolis of San Vítor de Barxacova (IX-X A.D.), located in Parada de Sil, Ourense (Spain) is found on a granite rocky outcrop that presents an enormous complexity for its conservation due to the multiple alteration mechanisms that affect the rock. That is why different studies, chemical, geological, conservation materials, etc., are being carried out to control their degradation on the surface, something that has already been achieved today on the surface. The present work tries to verify if by means of the study with GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) it is possible to advance in the knowledge of the subsoil of the outcrop, of which its current state is unknown. This non-destructive technique, applied for the first time on an archaeological site of these characteristics and with such specific objectives, could help to better understand the degradation mechanisms that may exist under the surface and therefore prioritize efforts and methods of conservation of this archaeological site improving its diagnosis.