Products

The study of this paper will describe the perspective view of legal issues and propose the alternative approaches to protecting software. Some legal issues like copyright, patent and trademark are used for providing the security to the data and computer software. The main motive of this paper is to aware all the authors about the protection of data and their programs.

The article is devoted to the improvement of technology of innovation systems
management at an enterprise. It has been established that effectiveness of innovation
activity of an enterprise, its innovative attractiveness and competitiveness in the
innovation markets significantly depend on management of the innovation system as a
part of the enterprise and management of its interaction with partners. It has been
proved that in order to establish effective interaction, it is necessary to determine
whether a potential partner is capable of cooperating in the innovation sphere. It has
been determined that in order to increase the efficiency of innovation, an enterprise
needs to increase the level of use of open innovation, improve the organizational
structure, determine the circle of persons who will be directly responsible for
cooperation, use the innovative development roadmap, make management decisions on
the choice of partners for interaction at all levels.

research report will seek to define opinion and response of the viewers against the portrayal of women in these advertisements. Survey research method has been used for the analysis. The respondents for the survey were categorized on the basis of gender and age. The literature review indicates that the women are portrayed mainly in two types of roles i.e. as house wives and as attractive objects. Mostly the advertisers use females as the eye- catching object to capture the attention of the viewers. The results argue that the portrayal of women in advertising is changing the concept of respects about the women among the minds of viewers and also indicate that a woman's physical beauty is likely to be an instrument for inducing demands for products.

Catabolic products from anaerobic fermentation processes are potentially of industrial interest. The volatile fatty acids and alcohols produced can be used as building blocks in chemical processes or applied directly as substrates in a mixed culture process to produce bioplastics. Development of such applications requires a predictable and controllable product spectrum of the fermentation process. The aim of the research described in this paper was (i) to investigate the product spectrum of an open mixed culture fermentation (MCF) process as a function of the pH, using glucose as substrate, and (ii) to relate the product spectrum obtained to generalized biochemical and thermodynamic considerations. A chemostat was operated under carbon and energy limitation in order to investigate the pH effect on the product spectrum in a MCF process. A transition from CO2/H2 production at lower pH values to formate production at higher pH values was observed. The ratio of CO2/H2 versus formate production was found to be related to the thermodynamics of formate dehydrogenation to CO2/H2. This transition was associated with a shift in the catabolic products, from butyrate and acetate to ethanol and acetate, likely due to a decrease in the oxidation state of the electron carriers in the cell. The product spectrum of the MCF process as a function of the pH could largely be explained using general biochemical considerations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 69–79. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The study of this paper will describe the perspective view of legal issues and propose the alternative approaches to protecting software. Some legal issues like copyright, patent and trademark are used for providing the security to the data and computer software. The main motive of this paper is to aware all the authors about the protection of data and their programs.

This paper explains different methods for sentiment analysis and showcases an efficient methodology. It also highlights the importance the product reviews are of utmost importance for the buyers to decide based on their concerns regarding product's various aspects for example a monitor, processor speed, memory etc. Hence this sentiment analysis of product review provides nearly accurate statistics regarding a product, providing an ease to the customers for analyzing the product and zero down his/her search for an online product. The key focus here is efficient feature extraction, polarity classification thereby summarizing positive and negative or neutral polarity. The proposed work is able to collect information from various sites and perform a sentiment analysis of a user reviews based on that information to rank a product. Also these reviews suffer from spammed reviews from unauthenticated users. So to avoid this confusion and make this review system more transparent and user friendly we propose a technique to extract feature based opinion from a diverse pool of reviews and processing it further to segregate it with respect to the aspects.

The Apple Computer Company is arguably one of the most innovative technology companies to emerge in the last three decades.  Apple, Inc. is responsible for bringing to market such products as the Macintosh desktop and the portable computer, iPod and iTunes, and most recently, the iPhone.  The success of the company can be traced to the ingenuity of their founder and CEO, Steven Jobs.  His philosophy has always been to create products that consumers find easy to use and integrate innovative technology. Throughout Apple’s history it has accomplished these goals.  However, with a growing line of products, a competitive market landscape, and an unpredictable technology life cycle curve, the company faces challenges as to the direction of its product lines.  The case gives an overview of a tool that is used to analyze a company’s product line portfolio and applies it to Apple, Inc.’s array of products.  Questions for discussion are provided to enable students to use critical thinking skills in applying the case material.

Consumer decision-making process is a subject that has been studied for decades in academia to at-tempt to uncover the processes that people use when making a choice between various alternatives.  It has been studied by both marketers and psychologists and initially focused on the steps consumers use to evaluate complex decisions or those that require substantial cognitive effort.  This research tended to focus on compensatory or noncompensatory traditional models, but others began to question if there were other ways that consumers evaluated alternatives for repeat pur-chases (Hoyer 1984, p. 822).  In addition, there has been research done to explain the decision process as a habit (Ji and Wood 2007, p. 261) and as a tradeoff be-tween effort and value (Mandrik 1996, p. 301). 
This study examines low-involvement decision-making process of college students at a Midwestern University.  Students were asked to evaluate their per-ceptions of pizza and complementary products through qualitative and quantitative research methods. Their low involvement heuristics were compared in terms of frequency of use across product categories and brands. These results were also compared to other studies using different product categories and segments.

The term green marketing refers to the planning, development and promotion of products or services that satisfy the needs of consumers for quality, output, prices and services without a negative effect on the environment with regard to the use of raw material, the consumption of energy, etc. The objective of this research is to induce an insight about the attention of green marketing. This paper analysis the awareness of green marketing in the minds of the consumers with reference to Mumbai suburbs. Simple random sampling method was used in collecting the primary data. The findings depict that 74.3%of the consumers are willing to pay more for the green products.

In this study, it shows depth knowledge on a particular topic " A study on customer's attitude towards online shopping in Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu ". The study indicates the level of awareness and attitude towards online shopping. The present study has been confined to study the customer's attitude in online shopping products. The study can indicate only the consumer's point of view. The objective of this paper is to make the consumer aware of the beneficial aspect of online shopping. The period of study is three months. The researcher has collected a primary data from comprehensive interview schedule and the secondary data has been collected from books, websites, and journal. Few suggestion and recommended based on the study carried out to fine-tune processes which will benefit the buyers to bridge the gap in online shopping.

A business whether small or big, simple of complex, private or public is created to provide competitive prices. Business in Nigeria, has been classified as small, medium and large. In both the developed and developing countries, the government is turning to small and medium scale industries, as a means of economic development and a veritable means of solving problems. It is also a seedbed of innovations, inventions and employment. Presently in Nigeria, SMEs assist in promoting the growth of the country's economy, hence all the levels of government at different times has policies which promote the growth and sustenance of SMEs. Small scale industry orientation is part of the Nigerian history. Evidence abound in the communities of what successes our great grand parents, made of their respective trading concerns, yam barns, cottage industries, and the likes. Abstract-A business whether small or big, simple of complex, private or public is created to provide competitive prices. Business in Nigeria, has been classified as small, medium and large. In both the developed and developing countries, the government is turning to small and medium scale industries, as a means of economic development and a veritable means of solving problems. It is also a seedbed of innovations, inventions and employment. Presently in Nigeria, SMEs assist in promoting the growth of the country's economy, hence all the levels of government at different times has policies which promote the growth and sustenance of SMEs. Small scale industry orientation is part of the Nigerian history. Evidence abound in the communities of what successes our great grand parents, made of their respective trading concerns, yam barns, cottage industries, and the likes. This paper identifies the historical development and orientation of SMEs in Nigeria, tackles the operational definition and scope, describes the role of the Nigerian government as a participant, regulator and facilitator, both legally and politically in the growth of SMEs. It identifies the marketing problems of SMEs in Nigeria, the provision and enactment of beneficial and supportive laws, the provision of infrastructural facilities, constant manpower and development, direct financial assistance and the establishment of finance institutions to support SMEs. It identifies the roles of SMEs in Nigeria's development and growth. It concludes by clearly specifying the role of marketing to the survival of SMEs in Nigeria, and Advances relevant recommendations. For SMEs to survive marketing practice and principles must be given prominence.This paper will use the secondary data and sure empirical data collected from research studies in SME development in Nigeria.

The subject of the research is theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to the peculiarities of the formation and use of new products and brands, PR-management technologies in the development strategies of tourism enterprises with a focus on national markets and domestic consumers. The purpose of the work is to determine the features and suggest ways to form and use new products and brands, PR-management technologies in the development strategies of tourism enterprises with a focus on national markets and domestic consumers, domestic tourism in the context of global restrictions on the movement of people and international tourism activities. The methodological basis of the article is both General scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. Monographic and historical methods were used in determining the content of tourism products and brands and their evolution; system-structural analysis and synthesis in justifying the types of brands (travel companies, places or destinations, types of tourism and recreation, etc.), advertising and PR-management tools with their promotion; statistical and economic, mathematical modeling and programming in the development of opportunities to attract new products and brands, PR management in marketing strategies for the development of tourism enterprises and rural green tourism enterprises. The article defines the features and suggests ways to form and use new products and brands, PRmanagement technologies in the development strategies of tourism enterprises with a focus on national markets and domestic consumers, domestic types of tourism in the conditions of global restrictions on the movement of people and international tourism activities. It is established that to maintain the competitiveness of enterprises or strengthen the dynamics of their market development, it is advisable to use a rebranding strategy. It is proved that PR management should shape the fashion for recreation and tourism, affirm national human values and feelings of national dignity and patriotism. It is determined that tourism companies should develop more actively external advertising in order to successfully promote their own brands-one of the oldest ways to bring the advertiser's appeal to the General public. The conclusions and results of the article can be used in the educational and scientific process of economic faculties of higher educational institutions. It is advisable to transfer them for practical use in the management of tourist enterprises in order to increase their efficiency on innovative principles. Modern competition conditions are burdened by the coronavirus pandemic. They require tourism enterprises to focus on national tourism markets, domestic tourism and the national consumer at least in the near term. This determines the further differentiation of tourism products and services under a certain brand, taking into account the specific needs of individual groups of customers. This specialization involves creating different brands under the same or different brands that target specific segments of the consumer market.

This paper aims to show how important it is for Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) to be involved in the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) of alumni. The authors provide a model to show the value added to the product by CPD. This paper proposes ways in which institutions can make the best of the relationship with the student at each level proposed in the model. The major findings were that HEIs should get involved in CPD for its Alumni and CPD provides increased value to products of HEIs. Implications were that HEIs have a role to play in the CPD of their Alumni. This is the first study to introduce the Value- Adding CPD Knowledge Cycle Model.

Glycerol is an important byproduct of bioethanol and biodiesel production processes. This study aims to evaluate its potential application in mixed culture fermentation processes to produce bulk chemicals. Two chemostat reactors were operated in parallel, one fed with glycerol and the other with glucose. Both reactors operated at a pH of 8 and a dilution rate of 0.1 h−1. Glycerol was mainly converted into ethanol and formate. When operated under substrate limiting conditions, 60% of the substrate carbon was converted into ethanol and formate in a 1:1 ratio. This product spectrum showed sensitivity to the substrate concentration, which partly shifted towards 1,3-propanediol and acetate in a 2:1 ratio at increasing substrate concentrations. Glucose fermentation mainly generated acetate, ethanol and butyrate. At higher substrate concentrations, acetate and ethanol were the dominant products. Co-fermentations of glucose–glycerol were performed with both mixed cultures, previously cultivated on glucose and on glycerol. The product spectrum of the two experiments was very similar: the main products were ethanol and butyrate (38% and 34% of the COD converted, respectively). The product spectrum obtained for glucose and glycerol fermentation could be explained based on the general metabolic pathways found for fermentative microorganisms and on the metabolic constraints: maximization of the ATP production rate and balancing the reducing equivalents involved. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 1088–1098. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The study investigates the impact of product‐related factors on perceived product safety. The factors examined include price, brand name, country of origin, store name, source credibility, product testing, promotion channels, discount offered and packaging. Results indicate that the perceived product safety is significantly affected by all of the mentioned factors. Implications are discussed and recommendations are offered to practitioners for attracting the large and growing market of safety‐conscious consumers.

This study describes a procedure employing Gaussian elimination method in matrix algebra to balance chemical equations from easy to relatively complex chemical reactions. The result shows that 2 atom of sodium (Na), 6 atoms of oxygen (O), 4 atoms of Hydrogen (H), and 1 atom of sulfur (S) each on both the reactants and products makes the chemical equation balance. This result satisfies the law of conservation of matter and confirms that there is no contradiction to the existing way(s) of balancing chemical equations.

In the context of the serious games industry, up to now the most commonly used BM among developers representing SMEs consists in offering an individual product to the customer, based on tailored one-of a kind production. Such production has high costs and low re-usability and leads to a long time-to-market. For an industry dealing with products highly dependent on technological advances, this implies high risks for failure and thus being put out of business. Consequently, an increasing number of Serious Games developers are struggling to survive. These trends are not specific for the SG development sector, but can actually be observed in several others, like software industry as well as the manufacturing industry, where a transition to less product-oriented BM can be observed. This article is based on an analysis of cases studies to outline how such a transition might be possible also within serious game industry, but also to discuss the threats and opportunities of the transition, ...

Identifies and discusses sources of delay in the new product development process at an industrial products firm. Data were collected during 11 bi‐weekly project review meetings at which 42 different projects were discussed. The highest priority projects were designs for a new venture into European markets. The study suggests that manager selection, vendor monitoring, attention to physical engineering design, and bureaucratic checkpoints contribute more to project delays than do most other internal problems such as resource bottlenecks and miscommunications.

Starter cultures are those microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, and molds or their combinations) that initiate and carry out the desired fermentation essential in manufacturing cheese and fermented dairy products such as Dahi, Lassi, Yogurt, Sour cream, Kefir, and Koumiss amongst others. Starter culture is defined as “an active microbial preparation, deliberately added to initiate desirable changes during preparation of fermented products”. Starter cultures have a multifunctional role in dairy fermentations. The production of lactic acid by fermenting lactose is the major role of dairy starters. The acid is responsible for development of characteristic body and texture of the fermented milk products, contributes to the overall flavour of the products, and enhances preservation. Beyond the horizons of their conventional role in acid, flavour and texture development, they are being looked up on as burgeoning “cell factories” for production of host of functional biomolecules and food ingr...

The strengthening of security and the political situation, intensification of economic relations and co-operation in the areas of human resources, democracy, justice, battle against illegal activities, are the intentions of Southeast Countries to enable approaching the European/EuroAtlantic structures, strengthening good neighborly relations & transformation the region into an area of peace & stability. This requires trade liberalization, economic integration, quality, security, guarantee of products & services, removal or reduction of trade practices that thwart free flow of goods and services, includes dismantling of tariff & non tariff barriers, unification of economic policies between countries through the partial or full abolition of trade tariff and non-tariff restrictions, leading for lower prices, increasing the combined countries economic productivity, achieving product/service’s customer's expectations, achieving the state of being "safe " against physical, ...