Protestant

Across the globe, the debate over homosexuality continues, with great variation in public opinion about the acceptability of homosexuality, laws regulating same-sex unions and penalties for homosexual sex behaviors. Religion is often seen as an important predictor of attitudes about homosexuality. However, cross-national differences in cultural orientations suggest that the role religion has in explaining homosexual attitudes may depend on a nation’s cultural context. In this study, we merge ideas from cultural sociology and religious contextual effects to explain cross-national variation in public opinion about homosexuality. Using data from the fourth wave of the World Values Survey and Hierarchical Modeling techniques, we find support for the micro and macro effects of religion and a survival vs. self-expressive cultural orientation. Moreover, we find that personal religious beliefs have a greater effect on attitudes about homosexuality in countries like the United States, which have a strong self-expressive cultural orientation.

This article explores the dynamics affecting the phenomenon of prayer in Jewish life of the First Century, as reflected in the early sources of the Second Temple Period.

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Öz Hıristiyanlık, her ne kadar farklı gruplara ayrılmış olsa da ana akım Hıristiyanlık; Ka-toliklik, Ortodoksluk ve Protestanlık olmak üzere üç mezhebe ayrılmıştır. Hıristiyan-lığı değerlendirirken mezheplerin dini algılama ve yorumlamalarına da dikkat etmek zorundayız. Bu bağlamda vahiy anlayışı da Hıristiyanlıkta en önemli doktrinlerden birisidir. Zira vahiy; kutsal kitap, inanç, ibadet ve dünyaya ait bakış açılarını da şe-killendiren temel konuların başında gelmektedir. Bu makalede Katolik, Ortodoks ve Protestan mezheplerindeki vahiy anlayışı ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır. Araştırmamızda Hıristiyan mezhepleri arasında vahiy anlayışı konusunda birtakım farklılıkların olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Özellikle İslam dünyasında Hıristiyanlık tek parçalı bir yapı gibi algılanmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda vahiy bağlamında Hıristiyan mezhepleri arasındaki inanca dair birtakım farklılıklara dikkat çekilecektir. Böylelikle çalışmanın Hıristiyanlı-ğın doğru anlaşılmasına da katkı sağlayacağı umulmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dinler Tarihi, katolik, ortodoks, protestan, vahiy, kutsal kitap UNDERSTANDING OF REVELATION IN CHRISTIAN SECTS Abstract Although Christianity is divided into different groups, there are three main sects of Christianity which are Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism. When Christianity is being assessed, we must pay attention to the religious perception and interpretation of sects. In this context, understanding of revelation is one of the most important doctrines in Christianity. Because revelation is at the head of the fundamental subjects that shapes the point of views belong to the holy book, belief, worship and world. In this article it will be tried to be handled the understanding of revelation in Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant sects. In our study it attracts attention that there are some differences about the understanding of revelation among the Christian sects. Especially in the Islamic world, Christianity is perceived as a one-piece structure. In this article it will be drawn attention to a number of differences among the Christian sects in the context of revelation. In this way, it is hoped that our work will contribute to the correct understanding of Christianity as well.

"The word paternoster has been applied in a variety of senses. In the Middle Ages paternoster became a synonym for lovemaking. An early instance of this usage appears in the anonymous medieval Latin Prisciano regula. Later it occurs in Rutebeuf's Old French De frere Denise and the Middle English Secunda Pastorum. Evidence that the medieval usage perhaps continued into the modern period is found in Thackeray's Vanity Fair and Hugo's Notre-Dame.

The erotic paternoster may have originated in a playful juxtaposition of a holy prayer and an unholy deed, in an awareness that people saying the paternoster often had their minds on their lovers, or in the proximity of the paternoster to the kiss of peace in the liturgy."

This thesis focuses on the significance of blood and the perception of the body in both learned and popular culture in order to investigate problems of identity and social exclusion in early modern Europe. Starting from the view of blood as a liminal matter, manifesting ...

Spiritual direction in the care of souls is a theological and practical focus of debate in the history of Protestantism. Between the two World Wars, as a result in particular of the development of psychology and psychoanalysis, Protestant pastors, theologians, doctors and psychologists reflected on the nature of this practice. This led to a renewed interest in the controversy surrounding the practice of individual confession.

Anne RUOLT (2015) « Le renouveau de l’éducation après l’École du Dimanche de Laurent Cadoret (1770-1861), Luneray, août 1814 ». 50e Congrès des Sociétés historiques et archéologiques de Normandie, Saint-Lô – 14 au 17 octobre 2015, Éduquer et instruire en Normandie.

The current article sketches some peculiarities of the Christian worldview manifested as Roman Catholic, Protestant and Eastern Orthodox traditions shaped by unique social activities of nations and their luminous representatives. These three traditions are described as Roman Catholic (society which pleases God), Protestant (Professional calling from God) and Russian Orthodox (merge of religious and national identity). Traditions are characterized by illustrations from the key documents representing local peculiarities of the Christian mindset. Being mutually interactive, these vectors open up unlimited ways to carry out practical Christian ministry both within the Church and outside its walls at the same time acting as preconditions for Christian social teaching and development of caritative social work.

En 1702 l’insurrection camisarde inaugure en Languedoc un temps de troubles religieux. La révolte mute en un conflit polymorphe. On examine ici la déclinaison des duels qui mirent aux prises instances politiques, clergé et populations, et l’entrée d’une société en guerre. L’approche souligne la multiplicité des violences – physiques, idéelles, langagières –, et des modalités d’affrontements confessionnels. À partir d’archives inédites, la thèse postule une reconsidération globale des troubles en incluant un troisième acteur proprement civil et en valorisant l’étude d’une guerre en son système. De ce défi protestant, unique dans l’histoire révocationnaire, elle interroge aussi l’état du catholicisme méridional arrivé au terme de son parjure.

A War without Epithets: the Cevennes Troubles Seen through a Catholic Prism.
Civil Divisions and Religious Violence (ca. 1685 – ca. 1710)

The 1702 revolt of the Camisards following persecution is the start of a period of civil unrest in Languedoc. This dissertation analyses how a society enters into war: this revolt becomes a polymorphous conflict and opposing passions engage the political powers, the clergy and the civilian population. The types of religious confrontation and violence are multiple – physical, ideological, linguistic. This study offers a new overview of the conflict by drawing on previously unpublished archives and taking into account a third protagonist, purely civilian. It examines the war as a whole, beyond the confrontation between the Camisards and the political powers. Starting with this Protestant revolt, unparalleled in the “révocationnaire” period, it analyses the situation of Catholicism in Languedoc, which has at this point reached the limits of its self-betrayal.

While I have always intuitively seen Mary as more than Theotokos, my training in orthodoxy came to overshadow my orthopraxis of Mary. But today I hold a different stance because I have come to view my Marian practice as indeed worship of the Divine Godd/ess.

At a surprisingly early age, perhaps ten or eleven years old, I became the author of my own religious narrative, meaning, I took it upon myself to initiate and pursue the deep mysteries of my Catholic faith. Weekly Mass became an event, not an obligation, and something to which I attended independent of my large, Irish-American Catholic family. The singleness of my worship at such a young age drew stares and whispers from those families that arrived intact. And while I was not unaware of their curiosity, I found it easier to lose myself in the absolute wonder of my environment. This environment of the tangible and non-tangible is what Andrew Greeley has since come to identify as “the Catholic Imagination,” where a Catholic sensibility is manifested in cathedrals and high art, but is also awash in the mundane of our daily lives. Additionally, our family’s dependence on Saint Jude, the patron saint of lost causes, was a close second to a strong devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary. By this I mean to suggest that she was our go-to heavenly figure when in need, and I, the appointed family petitioner. Through the years I would take each family crisis directly to Mary through the recitation of the Rosary. The thought never occurred to me that doctrinally Mary functioned as mediator between the Father and Son and not as Godd/ess. While I never identified her as the personification or manifestation of Godd/ess, that is exactly how my practice or devotion to her played itself out, until I left the church in my early twenties, certain my emerging feminism could not include the sexism and androcentrism of an all male priesthood. But twenty years later, when I discovered my husband had been involved in a five-year affair, I immediately ran for my childhood rosary beads, which I had not used or thought about since my youth.

The Ecuadorian church has attempted to give a response to the problem of mixed marriages between Catholics and Protestants intending to help families that meet with difficulties or whose relationships deteriorate due to conflicts arising from faith. For such couples the catechetical preparation of Christian marriage is intensified and is accompanied with pastoral support. The situation of mixed marriages in Ecuador is a reflection of the socio-economical, cultural, and religious changes that affect the institution of the family. One of the pastor's tasks is to educate people better about cultural, social and religious values so that they can understand and differentiate between Catholic and Protestant teaching and avoid such marriages. Once the pastoral means to dissuade the couple from marrying have been overcome, they must complete the requirements of canon 1086 and the conditions for the granting of a dispensation stipulated in canon 1125 n. 1. The family develops in conformi...

This work analyses different aspects of the relationship between religion and gambling. In the first part the relation between Christian religion and gambling is discussed within historical context. Some of the basic religious texts are analyzed in two respects - relation toward gamboling and relation toward money acquisition. Alongside this, an attempt is made at determining main topics in Christian critique of gambling. The work also consists of comparative examinations between Protestant and Catholic attitudes to gambling. In an attempt to determine some basic factors of influence on gambling, second part of the work analyses catechisms of religious institutions in our area, most important regulations from Canon law, parts from the religious press, papal encyclicals, as well as the attitudes of the Catholic church in our area, on gamble and gambling. In the concluding part we offer possibilities of further development of the relation between religion and gambling.