RLC circuit

an inductor, a capacitor and a c ouple of zenner diodes in series is studied in the framework of Convex Analysis. The differential inequalitygoverning the circuit is shown to yield a unique stable solution which can be calculated through standard schemes. Numerical results are shown to agree with experiments. O problema da resposta de um circuito eletrico, consistindo de uma resistencia, uma bobina, um condensador e um par de diodos zenner em serie, e estudado dentro do formalismo da Analise Convexa. Mostra-se que a inequecao diferencial que governa o circuito possui uma solucao estavel que pode ser calculada atraves de algarismos usuais. Apresenta-se tambem o resultado de uma simulacao digital do circuito, baseada em um algarismo tipo preditor - corretor, e compara-se este com medicoes tomadas em laboratorio.

Os filtros RC, RL e RLC são dos mais simples filtros eletrônicos, consistindo apenas de um resistor e um capacitor/indutor, tanto separados, sendo assim filtros passa-altas/passa-baixas, ou juntos em série sendo filtros passa-bandas ou outros, dependendo da configuração do circuito. Ao utilizar esses tipos de circuitos foi possível determinar as frequências de corte e obter as curvas de resposta, e assim determinar o fator de qualidade da curva de ressonância dos circuitos. Cada filtro foi observado de acordo com sua aplicação.

Resumen Se examina las respuestas transitorias bajo diferentes niveles de amortiguamiento, para un circuito RLC en serie con resistencia variable, sometido a una seña de onda cuadrada, Se verifica experi-mentalmente el valor de resistencia necesario para que el circuito presentara un comportamiento críticamente amortiguado, además se corrobora el rango de valores para los cuales las resistencias provocaban que el sistema presentare un comportamiento amortiguado y sobreamortiguado. Los valores hallados fueron comparados con los calculados a partir de la teoría. Se comprobó que para un comportamiento amortiguado la resistencia satisface la ecuación R < 2 L C , mientras que en el sobre amortiguado se tenía R > 2 L C , para el caso de un sistema críticamente amortiguado la resistencia fue directamente proporcional a la inductancia, e inversamente proporcional a la capaci-tancia R = 2 L C , Se evidencia que a mayor resistencia, menor sería la cantidad de oscilaciones en el sistema hasta llegar el punto en que el oscilamiento en la corriente cesa y empieza a decaer expo-nencialmente. Se halla además que el tiempo característico en un sistema críticamente amortiguado es mayor que aquel relacionado al sistema sobreamortiguado, es decir en esteúltimo se presenta un decaimiento más rápido puesto que a mayor resistencia menor, será la constante de tiempo y la frecuencia relacionada al sistema. Además, para el estudio del fenómeno de resonancia en un circuito RLC, se dispone de una fem de carácter sinusoidal, V = V0sen(wt) y un osciloscopio, donde se miden los voltajes pico a pico para los valores de dos resistencias, R1 = 2 * 10 3 Ω y R2 = 5 * 10 3 Ω. Con la relación entre el voltaje y diferentes valores de w, se encontró un comportamiento Lorentziano para las gráficas de (I Vs w) del cual, para la resistencia R1 el factor de calidad experimental es de Q1 = 39, 5 y para R2 es Q2 = 17, 2 además, según las gráficas de I Vs ω encontramos la condición donde la reactancia capacitiva e inductiva son iguales, y a partir de ello, vimos que, para valores grandes de ω la reactancia inductiva domina sobre el término de la impedancia del circuito, y sucede lo contraria para valores pequeños de ω. Porúltimo, se evidencio en la gráfica de la potencia, P, contra frecuencia, el ancho de las bandas de frecuencia para ambos casos, donde para la resistencia R2, esta banda fue más estrecha que para R5, lo cual indica que a mayor resistencia menor será la máxima potencia disipada por el circuito, así para R1 la potencia máxima fue de 0, 15W con un ancho de banda de ∆w = 200Hz mientras que para R2 de Pmax = 0, 04W con un ancho de banda de ∆w = 450Hz

Circuits containing inductance and resistance appear in a variety of electronic circuits, from power supplies ‎to filters. In this experiment, we are going to investigate the sinusoidal response of a series RL circuit. A ‎difficulty arises in conjunction with such circuits in that real conductors are not like the ideal conductors we ‎deal with in our theory. Since they are formed of coiled wire, they possess resistance as well as inductance. ‎Furthermore, their resistance is dependent on frequency as well. As a consequence, the inserted resistance ‎R does not represent the total resistance of the circuit. In addition, when we measure the voltage across a ‎coil, we are getting both inductive and resistive components of voltage, not simplyV_L. In this experiment, ‎we will try to overcome this problem by making R large compared either the AC resistance of the coil, which is ‎we will presume the coil is ideal. ‎

The design of a linear integrated Op Amp circuit as an alternative solution to differential equation model of RLC Circuit is presented. The fundamental assumption used in the cascaded Operational Amplifier (Op Amp) design is that Op Amp acts linearly. In this paper, we will examine the behavior of the Op Amp when it is used in the cascaded circuit that is an electrical analog to the differential equation model of RLC circuit, which arises in numerous applications particularly in control and communication systems such as ringing circuits, resonant circuits, filters and oscillators. We will design the cascaded op amp circuit that is analog to differential equation model of RLC circuit and obtain graphical results of output function versus time using PSpice Software Probe. To confirm the validity of the design of a linear integrated Op Amp circuit as an alternative solution to differential equation model of RLC circuit implemented in the PSpice Software, simulation results are compared with RLC circuit where we find good agreement between the theoretical predictions of the differential equation model of RLC circuit and the design of a linear integrated Op Amp circuit.

Pengiriman daya listrik yang besar untuk jarak jauh dilakukan melalui sistem transmisi bertegangan tinggi. Selama beroperasi, kemunculan medan magnet dan medan listrik disekitar konduktor adalah hal alami. Berpangkal dari gejala tersebut, muncullah beragam gejala kelistrikan lainnya seperti Kapasitansi antar  konduktor, Kapasitansi konduktor - tanah, Induktansi sendiri, dan induktansi mutual. Besarnya setiap fenomena itu dapat dihitung seperti dijelaskan pada paper ini. Dapat menjadi referensi untuk subjek kuliah seperti Sistem Transmisi, dan Teknik Tegangan Tinggi.

El estudio de la Electricidad y el Magnetismo es fundamental no sólo para la formación de los estudiantes de las carreras de Física, sino también de aquellos que estudian alguna rama de la ingeniería. Para la electricidad, el estudio de los circuitos eléctricos es básico, aunque en ocasiones los alumnos carecen de la formación matemática necesaria para modelarlos como la solución de ecuaciones diferenciales y por tanto, sólo lleguen a conocer el procedimiento para obtener las respuestas sin que tengan una interpretación clara del comportamiento del sistema o peor aún, que se aprendan y usen las soluciones como si fueran recetas de cocina. Es oportuno señalar que este problema también es muy útil en los cursos de Ecuaciones Diferenciales, ya que, como se muestra más adelante, involucra la solución de una ecuación diferencial de primer orden.

The main goal of this project is to apply the knowledge and the experience we gain from previous labs into real life situation, by designing an audio system that reject a certain values and ranges of the input frequency and then building it using the basic components of the electric circuits that we deal with it during this semester. In addition to that we will use a software program (MultiSim) which represents the importance of cooperation between science and software technology and the importance of its role in designing the required circuits for this project. Also, in this project we aim to develop our skills in combining band-stop filters and get the right results.
The first task is about the first band-stop which is RLC resonance circuit followed by a second band-stop in the second task which is RC notch filter and the final task is about the result of combining the two circuits.

In this paper, we presented an alternative representation of the electrical series circuits RC and RL using the concept of derivative with two fractional orders α and β in Liouville-Caputo sense. The fractional equations in the time domain consider derivatives in the range of α, β ∈ (0; 1]. Numerical solutions are presented considering dierent source terms introduced in the fractional equation. This new approach considers electrical elements with two dierent properties. In addition, we prove that, if α = 0, the fractional derivative with Mittag-Leer kernel in Liouville-Caputo sense is recovered and when β = 0, the Liouville-Caputo fractional derivative is recovered.

Simple PSPICE Assignment that shows the varying effects of resistances on response types within RC and RLC circuits. The form of damping can be controlled with the assigned resistor value. Additionally, a transient and parametric analysis concludes the report that utilizes a varying resistor in order to display all four types of response types: critically damped, overdamped, underdamped, and very underdamped.

Note: Upon request, the workspace for this assignment can be uploaded for educational use.

Proposed stability test for RLC low-pass filters is presented. The self-loop functions of these filters are derived and analyzed based on the widened superposition principle. The alternating current conservation technique is proposed to measure the self-loop function. An active inductor is replaced with a general impedance converter. Our research results show that the values of the selected passive components (resistors, capacitors, and inductors) in these filters can cause a damped oscillation noise when the stable conditions for the transfer functions of these networks are not satisfied.

Plasmonic metasurfaces are promising as enablers of nanoscale nonlinear optics and flat nonlinear optical components. Nonlinear optical responses of such metasurfaces are determined by the nonlinear optical properties of individual plasmonic meta-atoms. Unfortunately, no simple methods exist to determine the nonlinear optical properties (hyperpolarizabilities) of the meta-atoms hindering the design of nonlinear metasurfaces. Here, we develop the equivalent RLC circuit (resistor, inductor, capacitor) model of such meta-atoms to estimate their second-order nonlinear optical properties, that is, the first-order hyperpolarizability in the optical spectral range. In parallel, we extract from second-harmonic generation experiments the first-order hyperpolarizabilities of individual meta-atoms consisting of asymmetrically shaped (elongated) plasmonic nanoprisms, verified with detailed calculations using both nonlinear hydrodynamic-FDTD and nonlinear scattering theory. All three approaches, analytical, experimental, and computational, yield results that agree very well. Our empirical RLC model can thus be used as a simple tool to enable an efficient design of nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces. P hotonic metamaterials are artificial structures exhibiting optical properties that in natural materials are either very weak or entirely lacking. Among these properties are phase mismatched light-propagation, optical magnetism, strong chirality, and epsilon-near-zero behavior. 1−5 There is a growing interest in understanding and harnessing the nonlinear optical responses of metasurfaces. 6−14 Many photonic applications including frequency conversion, THz generation, photon-pair generation, ultrashort-pulse generation, frequency-comb generation , and all-optical switching 15−19 rely on nonlinear optics occurring in large bulky devices where one must contend with phase mismatching. In contrast, the small footprint of metasurfaces virtually guarantees phase matching, and moreover , the nonlinear emission can be precisely controlled. 2,3,20,21 Plasmonic metasurfaces have recently emerged as a promising candidate for enabling nanoscale nonlinear optics. 6 The optical responses of plasmonic meta-atoms serving as unit cells of metasurfaces are dictated by the collective movement of the conduction electrons giving rise to localized surface plasmons (LSPs). Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the conduction electron dynamics and the nonlinear response of the constituting meta-atoms. Such investigations can be performed, for example, by using the hydrodynamic plasma model 22−25 and the nonlinear scattering theory. 26 However, relying on computational tools is not always convenient due to their complexity and the large amount of computational resources they often require. Linear and nonlinear optical responses of plasmonic meta-atoms can also be predicted by equivalent RLC circuit (resistor, inductor, capacitor) theory. 27−31 This approach has correctly described the nonlinear and magnetic responses of split-ring resonators operating at microwave frequencies. 32 Nevertheless, it remained unclear whether the RLC approach could describe conduction electron dynamics in plasmonic meta-atoms adequately enough to accurately predict their nonlinear responses at optical wavelengths as well. In this Letter, we derive the first-order hyperpolarizability of individual plasmonic meta-atoms by adapting the equivalent RLC model that we find can, indeed, be used to predict collective second-order nonlinear responses of large meta-surfaces. First, we derive an expression for the first-order hyperpolarizability with an unknown nonlinear coefficient a that represents the strength of the nonlinear charge oscillation in an individual meta-atom. Our goal is to determine the value of a through physical arguments and to validate our approach through rigorous experiments and numerical calculations. Next, we describe our second-harmonic generation (SHG) experiments, where we measured SHG emission from metasurfaces consisting of randomly arranged gold elongated nanoprisms. From these measurements, we extract the

The integration of chips in the third dimension has been explored to address various physical and system level limitations currently undermining chip performance. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the electrical properties of through silicon vias and microconnects with an emphasis on single via characteristics as well as inter-TSV capacitive and inductive coupling in the presence of either a neighboring ground tap or a grounded substrate back plane. We also analyze the impact of technology scaling on TSV electrical parasitics, and investigate the power and delay trend in 3-D interstratum IO drivers with those of global wire in 2-D circuits over various technology nodes. We estimate the global wire length necessary to produce an equivalent 3-D IO delay, a metric useful in early stage design tools for 3D floorplanning that considers the electrical characteristics of 3D connections with TSVs and microconnects.

ABSTRACT We have developed a circuit to demonstrate the phase relationships between resistive and reactive elements in series RLC circuits. We utilize a differential amplifier to allow the phases of the three elements and the current to be simultaneously displayed on an inexpensive four channel oscilloscope. We have included a novel circuit that provides a visual indication of the magnitude and direction of the voltage or current using LEDs. This allows the phase relationships to be demonstrated directly using the very intuitive measurement of the brightness of a light.

PJ Smith, M. Shafi, and H. Gao, &quot;Quick simulation: A review of importance sampling techniques in communication systems&quot;, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 15, pp. 597 - 613, 1997. ... K. Bae and JS Thorp, &quot;An importance sampling application: 179 bus WSCC system under ...

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new passive filter topology to reduce torque ripples and harmonic noises in interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) derived by hysteresis direct control. The filter topology consists of compound dissipative filter cascaded by RLC low pass filter. The compound filter has two tuning frequency setting points, one at inverter switching frequency and the other at some average selected frequency. The filter topology is characterized by affecting inverter switching frequency in a way that decreases stress on switching elements including dv/dt. The filter topology uses series dissipative elements to reshape motor voltage waveform to provide semi-sinusoidal voltage to the motor windings. The simulation results show that the proposed topology effectively reduces torque ripples as well as total harmonic distortion (THD) and electro-magnetic interference (EMI) noise level.

LTE was proposed in 2004 Toronto conference to fulfill the requirement of achieving higher speed and lower packets latency in UMTS 3G systems. LTE which is abbreviated as long term evolution is an basically a transmission mode of providing the communication channel/communication link between the mobile portable device’s connected with each other to establish the connection between the two. LTE is composed of many new technologies compared with the previous generation of cellular systems. These new technologies are used to generate more efficiency with regards to spectrum and higher data rates as expected by designers. The currently agreed LTE architecture adopts a flat architecture, inheriting four functional elements named as Evolved Radio Access Network, User Equipment (UE) and hosts the physical layer (PHY), Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Packet Data Control Protocol (PDCP) layers, Serving Gateway (SGW) and Mobility Management Entity. To do this work it has various numerous number of techniques through which it establish the link between the two. The technologies were named as OFDM, MIMO, and FDMA, SC-FDMA and so on. as it keep and maintains accuracy while providing the medium cascade to perform the task as it make use of TDD,FDD,QAM as multiplexing technologies.

This paper presents the readability of the Transmission Line Characteristics lab manual that is used by the UiTM Electrical Engineering (Communications) students. Recent research has suggested that the students have not read the lab manual prior to the lab session due to the complexity of the lab instructions. There are three (3) methods that are used to measure the readability; Flesch Reading Ease test, Flesch Kincaid Grade Level test, and the Gunning Fog Index test. The initial lab manual yield results of Flesch Reading Ease test score 50.5, Flesch Kincaid Grade Level test score 9.5, and the Gunning Fog Index test score 13.8. These results imply that the Transmission Line Characteristics lab manual is difficult to understand. Hence, efforts were taken to improve the readability of the lab manual. After the changes, the Flesch Reading Ease test yields a score of 63.2, Flesch Kincaid Grade Level test yields 6.8, and the Gunning Fog Index test scored 10.5. Comparisons of the test results suggest better readability after the changes were made. Therefore, these results imply that the lab manual should be understood by UiTM students.

This paper analyzes the stability of a general RLC circuit with ideal thyristors or diodes and periodic sources. Applications include high power thyristor controlled reactor and bridge rectifier circuits. The periodic steady states of the circuit are analyzed using a Poincare map and transversality conditions are given to guarantee the smoothness of the Poincare map. A simple and exact formula