Regime change

En un contexto en que los golpes de Estado y los gobiernos militares prácticamente han desaparecido del escenario político en América Latina, el presente artículo busca explicar por qué en dos casos políticamente similares y que experimentaron severas crisis de estatalidad, surgieron resultados divergente en el régimen político: estabilidad democrática en Argentina y autoritarismo competitivo en Perú. La evi-dencia permite plantear que se debe a la presencia o ausencia de dos factores pro-fundos y de largo plazo que actúan como contrapesos a la acumulación de poder de los presidentes: la dinámica intrapartidaria y la robustez de la política subnacional. Finalmente, el artículo concluye planteando la importancia académica y normativa de indagar el peso de estos factores en otros casos. // In a context in which coups d'etat and military rule have practically disappeared from Latin America, why did severe political crises under similar political conditions produce democratic stability in Argentina but competitive authoritarianism in Peru? This article presents evidence that the intra-party dynamics and the robustness of sub-national politics determine regime outcomes by limiting the long-term accumulation of presidential power. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of both factors for studying other cases.

This paper analyses regime change via a peaceful revolution. Under these circumstances, peaceful manifestations of unrest reach a point at which the prevailing political system collapses and is replaced by a system which provides more freedom. Such regime change occurred in East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria. It is shown that the successful quest for freedom may be explained as a dynamic game. The game has a unique strong equilibrium — that is, a Nash equilibrium robust against mass defections — which arises in consequence of a trigger strategy which is similar to the Tit-For-Tat strategy in a repeated Prisoners' Dilemma.

Climate in mainland China can be divided into the monsoon region in the southeast and the westerly region in the northwest as well as the intercross zone, i.e., the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone that is oriented from Southwest China to the upper Yellow River, North China, and Northeast China. In the three regions, dry-wet climate changes are directly linked to the interaction of the southerly monsoon flow on the east side of the Tibetan Plateau and the westerly flow on the north side of the Plateau from the inter-annual to inter-decadal timescales. Some basic features of climate variability in the three regions for the last half century and the historical hundreds of years are reviewed in this paper. In the last half century, an increasing trend of summer precipitation associated with the enhancing westerly flow is found in the westerly region from Xinjiang to northern parts of North China and Northeast China. On the other hand, an increasing trend of summer precipitation along the Yangtze River and a decreasing trend of summer precipitation along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone are associated with the weakening monsoon flow in East Asia. Historical documents are widely distributed in the monsoon region for hundreds of years and natural climate proxies are constructed in the non-monsoon region, while two types of climate proxies can be commonly found over the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone. In the monsoon region, dry-wet variation centers are altered among North China, the lower Yangtze River, and South China from one century to another. Dry or wet anomalies are firstly observed along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone and shifted southward or southeastward to the Yangtze River valley and South China in about a 70-year timescale. Severe drought events are experienced along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone during the last 5 centuries. Inter-decadal dry-wet variations are depicted by natural proxies for the last 4–5 centuries in several areas over the non-monsoon region. Some questions, such as the impact of global warming on dry-wet regime changes in China, complex interactions between the monsoon and westerly flows in Northeast China, and the integrated multi-proxy analysis throughout all of China, are proposed.

The Aral Sea is fed by two tributaries, the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, and often is considered as one of the most complex hydrological basins of the world. The shrinkage of the Aral Sea during the last 50 years, which has been caused by excessive irrigation projects, has led to numerous ecological, human and economical problems. This study

Pancreatic islets of Langerhans display complex intracellular calcium changes in response to glucose that include fast (seconds), slow (∼5min), and mixed fast/slow oscillations; the slow and mixed oscillations are likely responsible for the pulses of plasma insulin observed in vivo. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these diverse patterns, we systematically analyzed the effects of glucose on period, amplitude, and

This article examines Australia's post-conflict reconstruction and development initiatives in Iraq following the intervention of 2003. Overall, it finds that Australia privileged the neo-liberal model of post-conflict state building by investing in projects that would enhance the capacity of the new Iraqi state, its key institutions and the private sector towards the imposition of a liberal democracy and a free-market economy. To demonstrate, this article documents the failures of the Australian government's stated aims to " support agriculture " and " support vulnerable populations " via interviews conducted in Iraq with rural farmers and tribal members and those working in, or the beneficiaries of, Iraq's disability sector. It concludes by noting that such failures are not only indicative of the inadequacy of the neo-liberal state building model, but also that these failures point the way forward for future post-conflict reconstruction and development projects which ought to be premised on a genuine and sustained commitment to addressing the needs of those made most vulnerable by war and regime change.

Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one of the most important possible feedbacks related to anthropogenically induced climate change. Analyses studying the mechanisms for soil carbon release through decomposition have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperature, with little attention to changes in temperature variability. Anthropogenic activities are likely to modify both the average state and the variability of the climatic system; therefore, the effects of future warming on decomposition should not only focus on trends in the average temperature, but also variability expressed as a change of the probability distribution of temperature. Using analytical and numerical analyses we tested common relationships between temperature and respiration and found that the variability of temperature plays an important role determining respiration rates of soil organic matter. Changes in temperature variability, without changes in the average temperature, can either increase or decrease the amount of carbon released through respiration over the long-term. Furthermore, simultaneous changes in the average and variance of temperature can either amplify or dampen the sensitivity of soil organic matter to temperature. A potential consequence of this effect of variability would be lower respiration in places where the average temperature is expected to increase but its variance decreases.

The fall of Mussolini on 25 July 1943, and the concomitant collapse of the Fascist regime, have long been recognized as a pivotal moment in the Second World War and, indeed, contemporary Italian history. To date, however, these events have been viewed almost exclusively ‘from above’, in terms of elite politics, international diplomacy, and military strategy. Drawing on the analytical frameworks of Alltagsgeschichte (‘everyday history’), the present contribution examines the experiences, reactions and behaviors of ordinary Italians during the fall of Fascism. In particular, it explores incidents of retributive and symbolic violence, political denunciation, and popular demonstration, in order to understand how individuals and communities expressed emotions and memories, negotiated relationships, and sought to redress grievances and antipathies developed over more than twenty years of ‘totalitarian’ dictatorship.

The autumn and early winter atmospheric response to the record-low Arctic sea ice extent at the end of summer 2007 is examined in ensemble hindcasts with prescribed sea ice extent, made with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts state-of-the-art coupled ocean–atmosphere seasonal forecast model. Robust, warm anomalies over the Pacific and Siberian sectors of the Arctic, as high as 10°C at the surface, are found in October and November. A regime change occurs by December, characterized by weaker temperatures anomalies extending through the troposphere. Geopotential anomalies extend from the surface up to the stratosphere, associated to deeper Aleutian and Icelandic Lows. While the upper-level jet is weakened and shifted southward over the continents, it is intensified over both oceanic sectors, especially over the Pacific Ocean. On the American and Eurasian continents, intensified surface Highs are associated with anomalous advection of cold (warm) polar air on their eastern (western) sides, bringing cooler temperatures along the Pacific coast of Asia and Northeastern North America. Transient eddy activity is reduced over Eurasia, intensified over the entrance and exit regions of the Pacific and Atlantic storm tracks, in broad qualitative agreement with the upper-level wind anomalies. Potential predictability calculations indicate a strong influence of sea ice upon surface temperatures over the Arctic in autumn, but also along the Pacific coast of Asia in December. When the observed sea ice extent from 2007 is prescribed throughout the autumn, a higher correlation of surface temperatures with meteorological re-analyses is found at high latitudes from October until mid-November. This further emphasises the relevance of sea ice for seasonal forecasting in the Arctic region, in the autumn.

We reject not only the communist regime but also the traditional forms of politics – György Krassó
This paper examines the political-artistic activities of Hungarian dissident intellectual György Krassó in the late 1980s. Having emigrated from Budapest to London in 1985, Krassó returned to Budapest in 1989 and set about criticizing the process of the regime change, attacking not only the communist party but also the institutionalization of the democratic opposition. He was critical of what he perceived as being the antidemocratic compromises between the opposition and the state party based on the idea of anti-politics, the relocation of the political public from state to society .
Over the course of 1989-1990 Krassó and the Hungarian October Party which he founded organized a series of subversive political actions, such as: the burning of electoral ballot forms and their submission in the form of ash; the transformation of a red star of flowers into a red circle in a central square of Budapest; the occupation of the headquarters of the socialist party. Krassó’s actions problematized the whole political framework with humour, irony and self-irony, and can be interpreted as a form of interventionist performance art. Following on from György Galántai’s interpretation of Krassó’s activity as a form of artistic activity is present , manifested, among others, by Krassó’s membership in the Inconnu Artist Group. I explore Krassó’s activities as artistic, as well as political actions and examine how his highly subversive artistic actions found a unique expression in the direct and popular language of political performativity.

My paper presents the employment situation by the Central-Eastern Europe countries since the transition period, which are joined the European Union in 2004 (Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia). The group of these countries is called, somewhat imprecisely in geographical terms, Central Eastern European Region. Their employment policy have transformed following the collapse of the state-socialism, however, although the economic policy was on the way of liberalization, the increased presence of the state was necessary in treating employment problems because of the severe consequences of the economic transformation.

Publisher: The Village Voice
Author: Sydney H. Schanberg
Date: Oct. 15, 2003

http://www.villagevoice.com/2003-10-14/news/the-widening-crusade/

Bush Doctrine, Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Fascism, George W. Bush, Iraq War, National Security State, Neo-Conservatives, Osama Bin Laden, Paul Wolfowitz, Pre-emptive War, Project for the New American Century, PNAC, Regime Change, Saddam Hussein, September 11th Attacks, Terrorism, U.S. Empire, U.S. Foreign Policy, U.S. War On Terror