Relatedness

Children constitute nearly 40% of Egypt’s population which has approached 102 million in 2021, and represent the growing majority among its poor according to UNICEF. Poverty negatively affects children’s survival and development, yet little is known about poor Egyptian children’s subjective well-being. Sharabiyya is a densely populated area in Cairo – Egypt’s capital – where a community based organization (CBO) is supporting families whose children risk losing parental care. This research studies the perceptions of well-being of 45 children aged 8-13 who are affiliated with the CBO and assesses how their relationships affect such perceptions. The exploratory study fills an empirical and methodological gap as it uses multiple participatory methods with children, thereby adding to the body of knowledge a new qualitative study on subjective well-being that focuses on children’s relationships from a strengths-based approach. Children’s mothers were also interviewed. Findings suggest that children’s quality of relatedness and perceptions of well-being are affected by kindness/tenderness, trust, joking, generosity/gifts, help/support, providing needs, snubbing/reconciliation, beating, and talking. Children’s best relationships are with mothers, siblings, people in the CBO, fathers, and friends. Children’s relationships develop with time, by sharing activities, through personal positive experience, physical proximity, and guidance from adults. Good relationships represent crucial tools for navigating difficult life circumstances in Sharabiyya and are thus intricately connected to perceptions of well-being. Most children have mixed perceptions of well-being (sometimes happy and sad at other times). The research has policy, research, and programmatic recommendations for promoting urban Egyptian children’s well-being on the national and community levels.

The challenges faced by diversified corporations—firms that operate in more than one industry or market—have changed over the years. There is today a wide range of strategies, including corporate level strategies, to create shareholder value. In this book, I guides the reader in developing the ability to consider the impact of critical changes in resources, businesses, headquarters roles on the firm’s ability for establishing and sustaining corporate advantage by exploring three fundamental questions: (1) Why are some firms highly focused, while others embraces a wide range of products, markets, and activities? (2) What are the relationships between scope, relatedness, and performance? and (3) How can we manage multibusiness firms it terms of structure, management, and leadership?

http://www.amazon.co.uk/Corporate-Level-Strategy-Theory-Applications/dp/0415727227/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1444720436&sr=8-1&keywords=furrer+olivier

Psikolojik ihtiyaçlar konusu ruh sağlığı alanında uzun süredir yaygın olarak çalışılan konulardan biridir. Bu ihtiyaçlara yönelik çeşitli kuramsal görüşler ortaya atılmış ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlar çeşitli şekilde sınıflandırılmıştır. Öz belirleme kuramı çerçevesinde psikolojik ihtiyaçların evrensel olduğu ve yeterlik, ilişkisellik ve özerklik olarak ele alınabileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, öz belirleme kuramı çerçevesinde ihtiyaç doyumunu ölçmeye yönelik olarak geliştirilmiş Psikolojik İhtiyaç Doyumunda Denge Ölçeğinin (PİDDÖ) Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. PİDDÖ’nün geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencileri ve bu fakültede pedagojik formasyon sertifika eğitimi gören diğer fakülte öğrencileri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada doğrulayıcı faktör analizi 285 kişi, benzer ölçek geçerliği için 282 kişi, test tekrar test güvenirliği 50 kişi üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılanların % 80,5’i kadın, % 19,5’i erkektir. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 22’dir. Araştırma sonucunda ölçeğin psikometrik özelliklerinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu, model uyum değerlerinin iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna göre PİDDÖ ihtiyaç doyumuna ilişkin araştırmalarda kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracıdır.

Practitioners repeatedly note that the everyday behavior of asking followers open questions and attentively listening to their responses is a powerful leadership technique. Yet, despite such popularity, these practices are currently under-theorized. Addressing this gap, we formally define the behavioral configuration of asking open questions combined with attentive listening as “Respectful Inquiry”, and then draw on Self-Determination Theory to provide a motivational account of its antecedents, consequences, and moderators within a leader-follower relationship. Specifically, we argue that Respectful Inquiry principally satisfies followers' basic psychological needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy. Against this background, we highlight ironic contexts where Respectful Inquiry is likely to be especially rare, but would also be especially valuable. These ironic contexts include situations where interpersonal power difference, time pressure, physical distance, cognitive load, follower dissatisfaction, or organizational control focus are high. We additionally outline how the effect of Respectful Inquiry behaviors critically hinges upon the interaction history a follower has with a leader. More generally, we make the suggestion that the leadership field would benefit from complementing its traditional focus on “gestalt” leadership styles with research on concrete and narrow communicative behaviors, such as Respectful Inquiry.
Article Link: http://amr.aom.org/content/early/2016/07/12/amr.2014.0537.abstract

Self-determination Theory explains the factors of intrinsic motivation (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and of extrinsic motivation (internalization and integration) that support personality development and behavioral self-regulation to improve personal well being and performance of people in organizations and society.

Introduction
Dropping out of sports in adolescence represents a risk factor for the development of adolescents, but also a problem for the sports community in the form of a limited selection of players for senior competitions and national teams. Self-Determination Theory assumes that there are three universal psychological needs that affect the activities and intentions of an individual: need for relatedness, competence and autonomy. In this study, this model has been expanded by the need to enjoy sports, as a basic hedonistic need, which plays an important role in adolescence behavior. Given the high percentage of adolescents who drop out of sports in this period, this study examines the predictive role of basic psychological needs in sports in the intention of young athletes to drop out of sports.
Method
The sample consisted of 245 athletes (volleyball=129, handball=116), of which 124 girls, from Vojvodina, an average age of 14 years. In order to assess the basic psychological needs in sports (competence, relatedness, and autonomy), Basic Need Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BNSSS, Ng, Losdale, & Hodge, 2011) and subscale Enjoyment from Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 (Scanlan et al., 2015) were applied.
Results with discussion
The need for competence, relatedness, autonomy and enjoyment were considered as predictive variables, while the intention to drop out of sports (estimated on a five-point scale) as criteria variable. The results of regression analysis show that this predictive model is statistically significant, F(4.239)=13.73, p=.00, and explains 18.7% variance. Significant predictors of the intention to drop out of sports were need for enjoyment,β=-.197, p=.00, competence,β=-127, p=.02, and autonomy, β=- 119, p=.02.
Conclusion
Unsatisfied basic psychological needs lead to higher intention to drop out of sports in adolescence. The results are in line with previous research (Brustad et al., 2001; Sol Avarez, et al., 2012) and call for redefining training processes with young athletes.
Key words: autonomy, competence, enjoyment in sports, sports needs, young athletes
Literature
Sol Alvarez, M., Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J.L. (2012). The Coach-Created Motivational Climate, Young Athletes' Well-Being, and Intentions to Continue Participation. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 6, 166-179.
Brustad, R. J., & Partridge, J. A. (2002). Parental and peer influence on children's psychosocial development through sport. In F. L. Smoll, & R. E. Smith (Eds.), Children and youth in sport: A biopsychosocial perspective (2nd ed.) (pp. 187-210).

Humanity is on the threshold of recognizing the fundamental error in its view of life and death. Both death as well as active life is necessary to the vital formation of a larger, more essential whole. In this paper, I apply the sociology of knowledge and change as it pertains to death and focus on ways in which we can step outside its traditional frameworks and limitations. I also discuss topics related to death such as birth, aging, sickness, and war, and examine cultural differences in attitudes toward death. I offer varying perspectives including the Buddhist view and from these draw implications and conclusions. I apply the lenses of contemporary social scientists such as Edgar Morin, Kenneth Gergen, Edward Stewart, Milton Bennett, Mary Catherine Bateson, E. Doyle McCarthy, Philip Slater, and Piotr Sztompka. To these I add other relevant passages from the writings and speeches of key thinkers on the topic of death, in particular, Buddhist philosopher, peacebuilder, and educator, Daisaku Ikeda. To construct a more humanistic and sustainable view of life, it is first of all crucial to establish a culture which perceives death in its larger living context as but one cycle in the expansive eternity of life.

The Varieties of Capitalism literature has drawn little attention to industrial renewal and diversification, while the related diversification literature has neglected the institutional dimension of industrial change. Bringing together both literatures, the paper proposes that institutions have an impact on the direction of the diversification process, in particular on whether countries gain a comparative advantage in new sectors that are close or far from what is already part of their existing industrial structure. We investigate the diversification process in 23 developed countries by means of detailed product trade data in the period 1995-2010. Our results show that relatedness is a stronger driver of diversification into new products in coordinated market economies, while liberal market economies show a higher probability to move in more unrelated industries: their overarching institutional framework gives countries more freedom to make a jump in their industrial evolution. In particular, we found that the role of relatedness as driver of diversification into new sectors is stronger in the presence of institutions that focus more on ‘non-market’ coordination in the domains of labor relations, corporate governance relations, product market relations, and inter-firm relations.

The paper analyses the role of intrinsic motivation in achievement in international comparative studies using the framework of Self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002). Self-determination theory argues that people have three basic psychological needs: (i) need for autonomy, (ii) need for competence and (iii) need for relatedness. It has been established so far that when these psychological needs are met in students their well-being significantly increases and their knowledge is conceptual (Ryan & Deci, 2009). In the paper we focused on the predictive power of all three psychological needs (as measured in background questionnaires in international comparative studies) for the achievement in selected international comparative studies (data bases for Slovenia): PIRLS (N = 4466), TIMSS (N = 4415), TIMSS Advanced (N = 2156), ICCS (N = 3042) controlling for SES. The preliminary results of regression analyses showed consistency across age groups (4th, 8th, 9th and 13th grade schools) and across studies indicating self-perceived competence and self-perceived autonomy as significant predictors of academic achievement as measured in international comparative studies. Relatedness was a significant predictor only in 13th grade students. The results are in line with the theoretical framework of SDT study. The practical implications of the results are discussed with suggested activities at the classroom level.
Key words: academic achievement, international comparative studies, motivation, relatedness, autonomy, competence

The literature reaches a unanimous agreement that industrial diversification is path-dependent because new industries build on preexisting capabilities of regions that are partly embodied and reflected in the skills of regions' workforce. This paper explicitly accounts for regional capabilities as workforce skills to build skill relatedness and complexity measures, skill-spaces, for 107 Italian regions for the period 2013-2019. Data-driven techniques we use reveal that skill-spaces form two highly polarised clusters into social-cognitive and technical-physical skills. We show that industries have a higher (lower) probability of developing comparative advantage if their required skill set is (not) similar to those available in the region regardless of the skill type. We find evidence that similarity to technical-physical skills and higher complexity in social cognitive skills yields the highest probabilities of regional competitive advantage.

In this thesis, I examine how the romantic relationships of age-dissimilar, heterosexual partners are understood in Perth, Western Australia. In Western contexts such as Australia, it is often said that there has been an historical shift toward greater personal autonomy in partner selection, and that this has resulted in an increased acceptance of age-dissimilar couples. Such shifts are commonly explained by social scientists as part of processes of 'individualisation' or 'democratisation', or are linked to the emergence of capitalism and consumerism. Instead, my research suggests that people's perspectives on age-dissimilar, romantic relationships are an avenue through which shared understandings of relatedness, as well as autonomy, might be further examined. I frame my discussion using Strauss and Quinn's (1997, p. 50) connectionist approach to cultural schemas, in which cultural meanings are in the mind, yet shape and are shaped by people's context-dependent experiences and activities. Their approach informs my conceptions of culture and change, particularly in regard to contradiction and complexity. Using this approach, I identify a series of cultural schemas found in Australian people's discussions of their own or others' age-dissimilar, romantic relationships. This, I argue, enables me to better understand what at first appeared to me as glaring contradictions in how romantic love was spoken about. I therefore contend that the complexities of contemporary perspectives on romantic love are not adequately explored through theories that posit simple shifts toward greater personal autonomy. Instead, I argue that the intricacies that characterise people's conceptions of romantic love, and the underlying cultural themes that inform them, are better accessed through an approach that theorises the internalisation of cultural understandings.

Background: The aim of the present study was to explore the views of professional rugby union players during the
early rehabilitation, late rehabilitation and return to play stages, following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.
Methods: A qualitative dominant, mixed methodological approach was utilized with five players who had suffered
an ACL injury requiring reconstructive surgery. A longitudinal approach, concurrent with each player’s rehabilitation, consisting of twice monthly interviews, a self-report diary and three established questionnaires (MOS-Social Support Survey, Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991; Sport Climate Questionnaire, Deci & Ryan, n.d.; Injury Rehabilitation Questionnaire, Deci & Ryan, n.d.) were completed.
Results: Theoretical thematic analysis was conducted on three distinct phases (Early Limited Participation phase, 10 higher order themes; Late Limited Rehabilitation phase, 11 higher order themes; and Return to Play phase, 9 higher order themes) and coded relating to autonomy, competence and relatedness.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that increased autonomy and control assist emotional and behavioral responses during rehabilitation and return to play, while development of competence increases self-confidence.

Drawing on the 2008 Mass Observation Directive ‘Doing Family Research’, this article explores the role of genealogy in personal lives from the perspective of genealogists and non-genealogists in the UK. Analysing the ends to which genealogy is put, it finds that genealogy is a key kinship practice, mapping connectedness, offering a resource for identity-work, and allowing belonging in time. Engaging with anthropological work on kinship, relatedness and remembrance and with recent sociological work on identity and affinity, this article explores how family history as a creative and imaginative memory and kinship practice is simultaneously used to map affinities and connectedness, enact relatedness, and produce self-identity. It argues that examining the role of genealogy and the genealogical imaginary reveals that conventional as well as non-conventional kinship produces partial and insecure identities. This compels everyday personal engagement with the meaning and legacy of inheritance for collective and individual identification and identity.

Professor Çiğdem Kağıtçıbaşı (1940-2017) was a prominent name in the history of Psychology and one of the founders of Social Psychology in Turkey. Her scholarly achievements can best be summarised in three main headings: her contributions to cross-cultural psychology, her work on “The Value of Children,” and her pivotal role in Turkish letters and feminism.

The following paper traces her important influence, and discusses some of her main theories.

Research indicates that reasons for attending college influence college success and that college students of color (CSC) can be motivated to attend college for different reasons than White college students (WCS). The Need for Relatedness at College Questionnaire (NRC-Q) was developed and tested to provide an instrument for identifying and understanding the various ways in which needs for relatedness, a salient motivator for many CSC, affect college success. On the basis of the recommendation from D. Guiffrida’s (2006) cultural critique of V. Tinto’s (1993) theory, the scale was developed with a self-determination theory (E. L. Deci & M. R. Ryan, 1991) perspec-tive. Results support the content validity, internal consistency, temporal stability, and construct validity of the scale items, and a confirmatory factor analysis supported the underlying structures of the scale. Results also suggest that college students ’ needs for relatedness at home are more complex than previous research ...

Taking as a starting point the metaphor of the palimpsest, this essay explores Winton's sense of being Australian in his 2015 landscape memoir Island Home. Sarah Dillon's distinction between the palimpsestic and the palimpsestuous, which draws on Foucault's own differentiation between the workings of archaeology and genealogy respectively, provides the wider frame. A palimpsestic reading of Island Home along the lines of Abraham and Torok's reflections on mourning and loss, more specifically their theory of the psychic crypt, throws light on Winton's "inexpressible mourning" (Abraham and Torok 130) for the loss of an unshaken pre-apology Australianness. Complementarily, a palimpsestuous approach to the text evinces the emergence, among the traces of white nationalism, of a new pattern in Winton's latest additions to his palimpsest of a nation in Island Home. Read horizontally rather than vertically, Winton's book reveals an interest in what he calls "an emotional deepening" (168), a new sense of relatedness that acknowledges the damage done to the Indigenous population at the same time that it honours the contribution of the rightful inhabitants of Australia to the current national narrative, creating, in this way, possible openings for non-Indigenous belonging.

This paper mainly focuses on estimating the relatedness and similarities between any two Wikipedia [1] articles. This paper describes various ways of determining the similarities. We hypothesize that by using some kind of properties of the Wikipedia articles, which can be internal or external, we can estimate the relatedness between Wikipedia articles. Each article is believed to have some kinds of internal properties and some external properties. Internal properties are those which are embedded inside the articles. It can be, for instance, have something to do with the content and text of the articles. External properties are those which are deduced or inferred from the articles. It can be, for example, the topic of the articles or even the closest distance between the two articles when plotted in a graph or in a category hierarchy. External properties include the properties associated with individual articles like topics (as mentioned), categories of the articles. Other techniques which are relevant when comparing the Wikipedia articles are cosine similarity, Jaccard similarity measure etc.

This work analyses the implications of tourism dynamics and smart specialisation strategies on growth and socioeconomic resilience of European regions where tourism is a regional priority. By using a panel data model for 2006–2017, phases of growth, recession, and recovery are scrutinised. A convergence process is identified, with higher growth rates for less-developed regions; however, the most developed regions are more resilient. Tourism demand is positively correlated with growth and resilience but a high share of tourism within regional employment has negative impacts on both. Specialisation patterns combining tourism with agriculture have positive effects in both cases. Diversification strategies including unrelated sectors contribute to increased resilience in these regions, and a prioritisation of construction reduces regional resilience.

This paper draws on the initial analysis of data from an education design research study that investigated the experience of Indigenous higher education students in online learning. The interrelated themes of racial identity and relatedness were found to be significant to the experiences of these students. The paper examines a number of widely used learning design models and online facilitation approaches to determine the extent to which identity and relatedness are considered in the design of online environments and in the facilitation of learning. It concludes with a series of recommendations as to how an institution may mediate a level of relatedness for its students in online learning environments.

The aim of this study was to adapt and to validate the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Relationship Scale for children and adolescents of the Portuguese population. It involved 510 participants, ages 9-16 years old. The results show moderate to high levels of internal consistency and a good adjustment of the factorial solution models with two and three factors in accordance with the correspondent theoretical framework. However, the factorial model with two factors is the one that presents better fit. The results also support hypothesis regarding convergent validity between the factors of the instrument and related variables. In sum, the present version of this questionnaire seems to be an appropriate general measure of basic psychological needs in relationships.

A wealth of evidence suggests that love, closeness, and intimacy---in short relatedness---are important for people’s psychological well-being. Nowadays, however, couples are often forced to live apart. Accordingly, there has been a growing and flourishing interest in designing technologies that mediate (and create) a feeling of relatedness when being separated, beyond the explicit verbal communication and simple emoticons available technologies offer. This article provides a review of 143 published artifacts (i.e., design concepts, technologies). Based on this, we present six strategies used by designers/researchers to create a relatedness experience: Awareness, expressivity, physicalness, gift giving, joint action, and memories. We understand those strategies as starting points for the experience-oriented design of technology.

This study strives to show the culturally reflexive properties of mythological narratives by describing the dynamism stemming from the simultaneous inclusion of various types of temporality and specific usage of space. The basic premise is that any symbolic system/culture contains antithetical principles which are nevertheless upheld simultaneously (in case of ancient Egypt exemplified by the " positional succession " phenomenon). These cultural paradoxes are both a source of discomfort to the system (as they show its incongruence and thus contingency), but also a source of alternative symbolical layout and thus of great power (because they transcend the given social structures). Certain phenomena, myth being one of them, enable to both cope with these paradoxes and utilise their transformative potential. To exemplify how exactly such a process occurs, I provide an analysis of the papyrus d'Orbiney, also known as the Tale of Two Brothers, subsequently identifying it as a " ring-composition ". Consequences of such an identification in relation to the reflexive quality of mythological narratives are then discussed.

Reseña del texto de Pichardo Galán, J., Stéfano Barbero, M., Martín-Chiappe, L. (2015). (Des)naturalización y elección: emergencias en la parentalidad y el parentesco de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales. Revista de Dialectología y Tradiciones Populares, vol. LXX, no1, pp. 187-203.