Role Models for young people

The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary empirical results of qualitative research that examines the junior-age-children´s understanding of a prosocial behavior present in fairy tale characters. The reasons for this research were the unsatisfying results in the PIRLS reading literacy measures achieved by Slovak pupils on the one hand, and the underrated position the formative function of literary texts has in Slovak classroom practice on the other hand. Besides other theories the research builds on the premise that literary text has „the potential to encourage prosocial behavior in children, but this aspect has been only minimally explored“ (Aram, Deitcher, Shoshan, & Ziv, 2017, pp. 157–158). Our research has qualitative, exploratory character; therefore, hypotheses are not formulated. On the contrary, an inductive approach is utilized. The focus is put on three key concepts: prosocial behavior, literary characters, and children´s reading comprehension. The research sample consists of both a set of literary texts (fairy tales) and the groups of pupils (3rd and 4th graders). The research was conducted in four phases: 1) theoretical analysis of prosocial behavior with focus on child´s prosocial development (see Schroeder & Graziano, 2015); 2) content analysis of Slovak fairy tales and the identification of characters with prosocial behavior (see Stanislavová, 2013); 3) designing the literary prosocial role models; 4) examination of children´s fairy tale reading comprehension and their understanding of the prosocial literary role model. In the last research phase the procedure of shared reading was used (see e.g. Tennent, 2015). The empirical data were collected via the research methods of observation, semi-structured interview and content analysis of children´s multimodal text reflection. Preliminary research findings imply the positive impact of shared reading on children´s successful inference making. Moreover, shared reading of the selected fairy tales seems to promote children´s processing of their individual interpretation of prosocial behavior found in literary characters. The findings may be beneficial for elaborating the shared reading strategies in primary literary education, what would foster the formative function of literary reading.

The article reports the results of a content analysis of 78 Italian toy commercials and 142 characters. The research aims to determine the level of sex typing in Italian television advertising directed to children. The analysis reveals a considerable difference in the portrayals of boys and girls, though more nuanced than in the past. Boys outnumber girls and are depicted in both major and minor roles, involved mostly in competitive group activities, accompanied only by male voice-over. They are dressed in various colours, are mainly in bright outdoor locations and play mostly with action figures, built games, and transportation and construction toys. Girls, instead, are still mostly dressed in pastel coloured clothes, are indoors and play mainly with dolls and animals, in collaborative interactions. They only build things in the presence of boys and are sometimes accompanied by a male voice-over. However, they are also more active, independent and in major roles than the boys. Henc...

Near peer role models (NPRMs) are people who might be "near" to us in several ways: age, ethnicity, gender, interests, past or present experiences, and also in proximity and in frequency of social contact. In two previous quasi-experiemental studies, learners in a Japanese university English department were shown an 8 minute video of four exemplary, slightly older, Japanese in the same department who were expressing beliefs and attitudes thought to facilitate SLA. A pre- and post-questionnaire revealed positive changes in viewers' reported-beliefs. In the present study, we wished to see the impact of the same video-speakers on non-English majors in obligatory English courses in a different university. The results show that many of these students' reported-beliefs and behaviours also change positively after seeing the video and they seem to remain more motivated through post observations. Interestingly, the experiment also changed the teacher's beliefs that made her class more interactive and possibly intensified NPRMing.

Die in der Familie gemachten Erfahrungen sind entscheidend für die Herausbildung der persönlichen Identität, des Geschlechtsrollenverständnisses und der Handlungskompetenz. Welchen Stellenwert haben unterschiedliche Familien- und Haushaltformen in diesem komplexen Prozess? Ist das von den Eltern praktizierte Rollenmodell von Bedeutung für die kindliche Sozialisation?
Wie wird es von den Kindern wahrgenommen und beurteilt? Ist es von Einfluss, wie präsent Vater und Mutter im Familienalltag sind? Und welche Auswirkungen hat die Rollenteilung der Eltern auf das Geschlechtsrollenverständnis und die Zukunftsorientierung von Kindern und Jugendlichen?
In einer im 2005 abgeschlossenen Studie des NFP 52 «Kindheit, Jugend und Generationenbeziehungen» wurden 70 Kinder hinsichtlich des in ihrem Haushalt praktizierten Rollenmodells und der Beziehung zu ihren Eltern befragt.
38 der befragten Kinder stammen aus Haushalten mit egalitärer Rollenteilung, d.h. ihre Väter und Mütter teilen sich die Verantwortung für Erwerbsarbeit, Kinderbetreuung und Haushalt. 32 Kinder leben in traditionell strukturierten
Familien, in denen der Vater die Ernährerrolle innehat, während die Mutter sich auf die Familienarbeit konzentriert.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass elterliche Rollenteilungsmuster die Eltern-Kind-Beziehung effektiv prägen. Die Vater-Kind-Beziehung ist in den egalitären Familien ausgeprägter als in den traditionellen. Umgekehrt ist in den traditionellen
Familien die Beziehung zur Mutter viel enger geknüpft als jene zum Vater.
Das egalitäre Rollenmodell bietet dank der beiderseitigen Präsenz der Eltern den Kindern vielfältige Identifikationsmöglichkeiten. Weil Mutter wie Vater im
Berufs- und Familienalltag engagiert sind, nehmen die egalitären Kinder ihre Eltern weniger stark in einer einzigen Rolle wahr. Ihre Persönlichkeit erscheint
den Kindern vielfältiger und facettenreicher als den Kindern aus traditionellen Haushalten. Für die Mädchen und Frauen aus egalitären Familien scheint das partnerschaftliche Modell besonders gewinnbringend zu sein. Sie sind in ihrem
Denken und Handeln am wenigsten geschlechtsrollentypisch geprägt und scheinen sehr von der engen Beziehung zum Vater zu profitieren. Bei den Jungen und Männern aus egalitären Familien kommt dies weniger stark zum Ausdruck. In den traditionellen Familien erscheinen vor allem die Jungen und
Männer stark geschlechtsrollentypisch geprägt. Die Mädchen und Frauen aus traditionellen Familien wirken ambivalent: Sie möchten später Beruf und Familie verbinden, sind aber gleichzeitig in ihrer traditionell geprägten Vorstellungswelt
gefangen.

The social learning theory emphasises that the model giving or guiding has always been one of the most powerful means for transmitting values, for demonstrating and accentuating the expected attitudes, habits, thinking and behaviour (Bandura, 1986, cit. Crosswhite et. al., 2003). Studies have shown that a role model could motivate in a positive manner a teenager's sporting habits and performance. They also found that the top athletes, those celebrities who appear frequently in the media can become role models. Has the media and media usage an impact on the process of role model choosing? How can this be identified? We wanted to find out whether the teenagers from our region have role models? If so, who their icons and role models are? Who are those persons, who have an exemplary behaviour in their eyes? To whom they would like to compare themselves when they grow up? Have the age, the gender, and residence of the pupils any influence on the choice of the role model? Have a place among the teenagers' role models the professional sportsmen? Who are those sportsmen (and sports), for which the pupils are enthusiastic about? What kind of role do the football and football players play? The paper aims to present the teenagers' role model question. The analysis is based on three important surveys conducted among teenagers from Romania (Covasna, Harghita and Mureş counties). The surveys took place in Spring 2012, 2014 and 2016. About two thousand of pupils in the 7 th and 11 th grades were involved each time. Can we conclude that the new media brought along the new idols? The media has definitely a strong impact on the young people's, children's lives, on their world-perception – can this be identified even here, regarding the role models? What kind of new possibility, new chance or new challenge have the parents, pedagogues, teachers, local communities?

The role of school as an educational-upbringing institution has to change in the 21st century. One response to the current problems of education is a broader definition of literacy. The author of the article focuses on moral literacy as one of the new literacies, which he considers to be one of the necessary parts of upbringing and education. Another response to improve the contemporary situation is to apply a holistic approach in teaching school subjects. The author of the article is trying to show the integration of literary competence and moral competence through content analysis of literary texts by writer P. Karpinský. The basic resource for analysis and interpretation of literary texts is the concept of prosociality through which it is possible to identify the degree of prosocial orientation in literary texts. A strongly prosocially oriented literary text is an appropriate means for the development of moral literacy.

When the Disney studios announced that they had cast Halle Bailey in the role of Ariel, aka The Little Mermaid, for their latest live-action remake, there was a wave of reactions and most of all: criticism. Twitter hashtags #NotMyMermaid and #NotMyAriel became trending topics and Halle was ridiculed in words as well as in ‘anti-fan art’. This blog post explores the history of Mermaids of Colour and argues in favour of the casting of Halle Bailey.

Reflecting on the thousands of diverse research studies of social media representation and digital privacy, this article presents a comprehensive summary of online personal strategies. First, the evolution of academic concepts about digital identity and the online self is summarised. Then, the article investigates the key dynamics of personal strategies and control issues in detail with ideas, experiences, stories and metaphors taken from 60 qualitative interviews from Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia. According to the key findings of this article, the universal patterns of online personal strategies follow mostly conscious decisions, resulting in users maintaining 70% control of their digital footprints. However, the remaining 30% of online activities are unconscious floating with digital dynamics and resulting in a wide range of non-expected consequences from identity theft to kidnapping. In summary, an intercultural and intergenerational model highlights the complexi...

This inspiring, colorful and educational children's story, The Golden Lotus of the Blue Sea, was written when Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar was 23 years old, but only published in 1981. P.R. Sarkar (1921-1990) was a spiritual guru in the tradition of Shiva and Krishna. He introduced the empowered universal spiritual mantra "Baba Nam Kevalam", composed a collection of 5018 spiritual songs called Prabháta Saḿgiita, and founded the socio-spiritual movement Ananda Marga

This study aims to examine and analyze role of motion pictures as an agent of socialization. It focuses the contribution of Indian movies to the increase of violent crimes and criminals in Pakistani society across the four decades (i.e. 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s) through favorable rather glamorized depiction of violence and perpetrators of violence. It is arbitrarily assumed that violence is often projected on silver screen as a quick and easy solution to social injustice and class discrimination in the blockbusters of Bollywood and Lollywood. Five top grossing Indian films selected through popularity charts and youth polls are thus content analyzed from the four decades under study for the census and portrayal of both perpetrators and subjects of violence, following sampling techniques of Shipley and Cavendar, 2001. Subsequently, four samples of one month issues of the largest circulated Daily Jang __ from each decade (1976-2006) __ were carefully content analyzed to identify the population, age, gender, class and depiction of criminals and victims as a representative day-to-day record of social crime scene.

A common argument for the social value of sport is that athletes serve
as heroes who inspire people – especially young people – to strive for
excellence. This argument has been questioned by sport philosophers
at a variety of levels. Not only do athletes seem unsuited to be heroes
or role models in the conventional sense, it is unclear more generally
what the social and educational value of athletic excellence could be.
In this essay, I construct an argument for the social and educational
value of sport built upon the relationship between athletes, heroes,
and the song culture that celebrated them in ancient Greece. On this
model, athletes are neither heroes nor role models in the conventional
sense. Rather, athletes, athletics, and the poets who extolled them
were part of a cultural conspiracy to celebrate and inspire virtue (aretē)
by connecting a community with its heroic past. Festivals such as the
Olympic Games, but also local events such as funeral games, educated
and unified communities by cultivating an aesthetic appreciation for
virtue and by inspiring youth to strive for it. Ancient athletes were not
heroes, rather they re-enacted heroic struggles, thereby experiencing
heroic virtues, and inspiring both artists and spectators to bond with
the higher ideals implied by their shared belief in divine ancestry.
In this way, athletes, athletics, and the media that celebrated them
played important social and educational roles. Insofar as modern sport
performs a similar service, its association with heroism and with moral
education may ultimately be justified.

Concept of celebrity endorsement evolved in last few decades and it has strengthened its
roots. Companies spend millions of dollar on celebrity endorsement. Marketers are trying to identify the
impact of celebrity endorsement on companies' protability and advertising objectives. The purpose of this
research was to investigate the impact of vicarious role model such as showbiz celebrity or sports celebrity on
purchase intentions, brand loyalty and positive word of mouth among young adults of Karachi. Structured
questionnaire was used to collect data through survey research method and data was collected from 252
students by using convenience sampling technique. Factor analysis and MANOVA were used as statistical
techniques to test the model. Result showed that role model has signicant impact on young adults' purchase
intentions, brand loyalty and positive word of mouth.
Keywords: Vicarious role model, celebrity endorsement, brand loyalty, purchase intention, positive
word of mouth.

2010 Yılında gençlere doğru rol modeller oluşturmak amacıyla  Bahçeşehir üniversitesi, Batman Valiliği ve Kalkınma Bakanlığı desteğiyle Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu'da yapılan gençlerin hayalleriyle rol modellerin başarı hayallerinden oluşan kitap.

Many sociologists have attributed several negative characteristics to the contemporary period.The child of 21st century is lost in this postmodern society, so it needs, more than ever before, a beacon – a prosocial role model. Several studies have confirmed the irreplaceable importance of the principal role models – parents and teachers – in the development of a child. However, the amount of time that parents and teachers dedicate to the upbringing of children is reduced, therefore it is necessary to look for other effective strategies of upbringing children. In the view of the author of this study, one of the means for upbringing and educating children is a literary character as a prosocial role model. The study presents four prosocial literary role models in modern Slovak fairy tales, which can be utilised by educators in the upbringing of junior school aged children.

Mnohí sociológovia pripisujú viacero negatívnych atribútov súčasnej dobe. Dieťa 21. storočia sa v tejto postmodernej dobe stráca, preto potrebuje viac ako kedykoľvek predtým oporný bod – prosociálny vzor. Viacero výskumov potvrdilo nenahraditeľný vplyv hlavných vzorov – rodičov a učiteľov na vývin dieťaťa. Čas rodičov a učiteľov sa však na výchovu dieťaťa skracuje, preto je potrebné hľadať ďalšie efektívne stratégie výchovy dieťaťa. Jedným z prostriedkov výchovy môže byť podľa autora štúdie aj literárna postava ako prosociálny vzor pre detského recipienta. Príspevok predstavuje štyri prosociálne literárny vzory zo slovenskej súčasnej autorskej rozprávky, ktoré by mohli vychovávatelia použiť v rámci výchovy dieťaťa mladšieho školského veku.

The time we live in, which is called the digital age, has quite different means of commu-nication from the ages experienced so far. The use of social networks has become a part of daily routine in many parts of society. Children, especially those born in the 2000s, who are called the Z generation, are growing into technology. Some families open accounts on social networks such as Facebook and Instagram even before their children are born or when they are at young ages, and shoot YouTube videos by including their children. They make the pre-and post-natal processes of their children visible for their immediate and distant circles through these social networks, which makes it easier for children to accept and use all the innovations that come with technology. Some children socialize more through social media than in a real setting, and the number of children who use social media is increasing with each passing day. Some children who spend a significant part of their time on social media start to take the people they see there as role models after some time. They might have the desire to be like their chosen role models and live like them. In this way, the modeling be-havior, which is an important element in the acquisition of moral values, can be directed to undesired people. The subject of this study was to evaluate the modeling behavior through the people who produce contents for children on YouTube channels and who are mentioned with these contents. The purpose of the study was also to discuss the effects of YouTubers on their followers and viewers by making use of the relevant literature data. In this study, which had a qualitative design, document analysis was performed. In this context, the studies on YouTubers were examined and the obtained data were evaluated in the context of taking YouTubers as role models. As a result of the study, it was found that children of all ages, socio-economic status, and educational levels, starting from early childhood, were heavily exposed to the contents of YouTube channels. It was determined that YouTube videos were used to silence and calm young children, in other words, they act as a kind of babysitters at home. It was understood that YouTube videos were watched for fun, spending time, and so-cializing in primary school and afterward. It was seen in some videos that the privacy limits of the child YouTubers who produced content under the supervision of their families were violated, the consumption culture was imposed with the advertisements and the materials used in the contents, and the virtues such as respect for parents, patience, and conviction ware disregarded to produce entertaining contents. As a result, it was also determined that most of the children saw YouTubers as role models, and expressed this openly or implicitly. It has been determined that children take YouTubers as an example, especially in their daily lives, speeches, career choices, clothing preferences, and determining gender roles.

Allaah granted his Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, qualities of perfection and noble characteristics which distinguished him from all other human beings. Consequently, he, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, combined all the possible virtuous human traits and was the best leading example in treating others with benevolence.


He, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, was a sublime example in his interactions with people, old and young, believers and disbelievers, the common people and close Companions.


He, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, would support the oppressed, aid the needy, persevere patiently despite the harm he faced from foolish people, face evil with goodness, meet people with a smiling and cheerful face and was unfailingly generous and kind when dealing with people. As soon as his enemies discovered his extraordinary personality and his exceptional manners, they immediately responded to his call and believed in the message he was preaching. One such person who came to believe in him told him after accepting Islaam:


" I swear by Allaah O Muhammad! There was no one on the face of the earth who was more detested to me than you. However, now your religion (the religion you are conveying) is the dearest religion to me. There was no land more hated by me than your land, but now it is the dearest part of earth to me."


In this book, you will come to know the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, and how he dealt with different types of people, each according to their qualities and particular circumstances. You will know him as a husband, a father, a neighbor, a friend, as a buyer and a seller, a judge, and someone who gave jurisprudential verdicts. Allaah The Almighty sent the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, as a slave and a Messenger and bestowed upon him the best manners and the most beautiful qualities. We have outlined some of the interpersonal interactions of the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, in order to highlight how a person whose manners are in consonance with the teachings of the Qur'aan should be. By learning about his qualities and the way he, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, interacted with people, one would know how he dealt with people in their homes, in the market and other places in all walks of life. How did this unlettered Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, treat people whether they were relatives or strangers, virtuous or sinners, noble or evil? What benefit can one derive by studying his qualities and manners, that reflect his nobility, generosity and perfect manners? This book answers all these questions and more, and paints a vivid picture of the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, who was sent by his Lord to perfect good manners.

Prior to reviewing factors that may attract undergraduates to academic career choice, the study discusses some
theories related to how career aspiration develops leading to career choice decision. Studies on Generation Y
indicate that current undergraduates who are from this cohort depend on their relationship with role model when
making career decision. Healthy relationship between mentor and mentee ensures a continuous guidance which
leads to the positive decision making. In addition, a flexible work arrangement is preferable since this
generation requires a career that provides work life balance. Noteworthy, undergraduates’ career decisionmaking
self-efficacy may play a significant intervening role with regard to academic career. Information
gathered from this study could benefit the recruitment exercise of future academicians in terms of recruitment
initiatives, socialization strategies, and orientation structures. Hence, these may not only ascertain an ample
number of academicians in the future but also enhance professional satisfaction and fulfilment within the
academic profession.

The article reports the results of a content analysis of 78 Italian toy commercials and 142 characters. The research aims to determine the level of sex typing in Italian television advertising directed to children. The analysis reveals a considerable difference in the portrayals of boys and girls, though more nuanced than in the past. Boys outnumber girls and are depicted in both major and minor roles, involved mostly in competitive group activities, accompanied only by male voice-over. They are dressed in various colours, are mainly in bright outdoor locations and play mostly with action figures, built games, and transportation and construction toys. Girls, instead, are still mostly dressed in pastel coloured clothes, are indoors and play mainly with dolls and animals, in collaborative interactions. They only build things in the presence of boys and are sometimes accompanied by a male voice-over. However, they are also more active, independent and in major roles than the boys. Hence, there are some differences in the representation of girls and boys compared to the findings of earlier studies. A, the portrayals of male and female characters in Italian commercials are still quite differentiated and are used to give gendered meaning to products, characters and viewers.

ARMY WIVES AND CHILDREN: THE IMPACT OF INTERMITTENT FATHER ABSENCE.  A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE HEALTH, DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOUR OF YOUNG ARMY AND CIVILIAN CHILDREN

by Dr Shân Margaret Newhouse

Fifty-nine Army and forty-six civilian children, from two-parent families, were examined in routine infant school entrance medicals. Their mothers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, the General Health, and Rutter Behaviour Questionnaires. Army fathers were Privates or NCOs, and civilians in Social Classes three or four. Army parents were younger (mothers, p<0.01, fathers, p<0.001), parental smoking rates slightly higher, and family size smaller (p<0.05).

  Military children had slightly more health problems, caught more colds (p<0.05), and had more hearing problems (p<0.05). Their birth weights were slightly lower, possibly because their mothers smoked in pregnancy more (p<0.02). Both groups had similar GP consultation rates. Army children ate more fruit (p<0.005) and more sweets (p<0.05). Mothers knew little about the Community Paediatric Service, but appreciated school medicals. Both groups managed child health issues similarly.

  Army families faced considerable transiency, and a third of mothers found this difficult. Most children had moved home three times and countries once. Average posting length was twenty-two months. Army mothers had less family help with childcare (p<0.02), and fewer friends (p<0.001). They disliked official Army welfare channels, but had lower housing costs so were better off (p<0.02).

  Military fathers were often away, with half absent for over three months of the past year. Half the Army mothers felt lonely and found intermittent father absence difficult to cope with. One third had problems with children’s behaviour and discipline during father absence.

  Army children had more high scores on the Rutter Child Behaviour Questionnaire (p<0.05), mostly due to higher rates of conduct (p<0.01) and over activity behaviour disorders (p<0.02). Half developed one or more behavioural problems during father absence. These accounted for most of the difference in RBQ scores between the groups, and were closely related to children’s feelings about father absence, and less so to their mothers’ GHQ scores. Mothers who coped best with the cycle of deployment, and did not get depressed, enabled children to manage better.

  Intermittent father absence tells us much about the importance of the father’s role, and is best discussed in terms of attachment theory. Army children’s health is similar to comparable civilian children, but the pressures of transiency and intermittent father absence on family relationships need to be reduced or ameliorated.

This thesis recounts and reevaluates the popular and scholarly debate on the athletic role model. It analyzes the most relevant arguments for and against the conception of the athletic role
model, and it argues for a new approach. Sport holds an important place in society, and athletes are greatly celebrated. If morally evolving people look to athletes for an instructive example of how to navigate life, then it is important to justify that relation through rigorous philosophic investigation. This investigative philosophic thesis considers both the place of the athlete and sport’s ability to develop role models. An interdisciplinary approach is taken, and evidence from
literature, law, psychology, sociology, and philosophy is incorporated to construct a broadly-established, widely-applicable approach to understanding the athlete as a role model. Offering fans a means for better discerning which athletes are worthy of reverence, and offering athletes the chance to explore what they believe to be their good life, are essential tenets of the new approach presented in this thesis.

Motivating students is an important concern for language teachers. One of the most direct ways to motivate students is for the teacher to talk them into it. This study investigates the effectiveness of narrating inspirational stories about successful role models on motivating a sample of Saudi university learners of English (N = 270). Teachers of the experimental group told their students motivational stories about famous people associated with the English culture as a warm-up activity for a period of about four weeks. Results of t-tests showed that the experimental group reported a significant reduction in anxiety (d = 0.41). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in integrativeness, motivation, or attitudes toward the learning situation. The role of creating role models for language learners is discussed in light of the present results.

Öz: Geniş toplumsal kesimler tarafından sevilen ve tercih edilen kültür olarak tanımlanan popüler kültürün medya aracılığıyla kitlelere aktarıldığı bilinmektedir. Gelişen iletişim teknolojileriyle artan yeni medya ortam-ları, popüler kültürün ve bu kültüre ait unsurların yayılma hızını arttırmaktadır. Günümüzde özellikle sosyal medya platformları, popüler kültürün geniş kesimler tarafından benimsenmesine ve kabul görmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Buradan hareketle popüler kültür ve sosyal medya ilişkisi bağlamında YouTube'u ve YouTube fenomenleri olarak tanımlanan YouTuberları konu edinen bu çalışma, YouTube'un ve YouTuberların ilköğre-tim çağındaki çocuklar üzerinde nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi kullanılmış bu çerçeve-de Konya'daki özel bir ilköğretim okulunda eğitim gören 24 öğrenciyle görüşülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda görüşmeye katılan çocukların büyük bir kısmının interneti, sosyal medyayı ve özelde YouTube'u eğlenmek ve bilgi edinmek amacıyla yoğun bir şekilde kullandıkları ve YouTuberları, kendilerine örnek alarak büyüyünce YouTuber olmak istedikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. YouTuber olmak isteyen çocuklar, bu isteklerini genel olarak tanınmak, bilinmek, popüler olmak ve herkes tarafından sevilmek arzusuyla gerekçelendirmişlerdir. Anahtar Kelimeler Popüler kültür, sosyal medya, YouTube, YouTuberlar, çocuklar.

Abstract: Popular culture is defined as a culture that is favored and preferred by the large social segments. As a result of the emerging communication technologies, the popularity of the popular culture and the elements of this culture have been increased thanks to the increasing new media environments. Today, social media platforms, which are an area of new media, in particular allow popular cultures to be adopted and accepted by large social segments. In this context, the main theme of this study is popular culture and social media relations. And the focus of the study is about YouTube and YouTubers. The aim of the study is also to reveal how YouTube and YouTubers have influence on kids in the age of primary school. In the study, semi-structured in-depth interview method, which is a qualitative research method, was used. And it was interviewed by 24 kids in a private primary school in Konya. As a result of the research, it was reached that the kids use intensively YouTube to enjoy and learn. Furthermore, it was determined that the kids take YouTubers as a role model and want to be a YouTuber when they grow up. The kids explained their desire to become a YouTuber to be known, valued and loved by everyone.

There is a deep curiosity within people from all disciplines to understand the nature of a child and what has come to be known as childhood.  In wanting to understand the true nature of a ‘child’ and the ‘lived experience of childhood’ we are also expressing a strong desire to know the truth about who we are.  This eternal search for truth lies at the heart of all people.

The possibility to influence and shape a person's values depends on the person's life period. Pupils of primary schools and students of secondary schools and tertiary education institutions are of the age when their values are still developing and may be changed even though to different degrees. As the result, the value changes in individual life periods significantly influence their future lives, both in personal as well as professional contexts. The paper deals with the findings of the research focused on identifying heroes (behavioural models, role models, idols), the values they represent and their changes in the groups of pupils of primary schools and students of secondary schools and universities. The results show that in all surveyed groups the most represented category of heroes are family members/relatives, but in different life stages there are some interesting shifts in other categories, e.g. decreasing representation of publicly-known persons as heroes and increasing number of respondents with no-hero role models. The findings open several questions about the role of education systems in pupils and students' value evolution and its importance for their future lives.

Female students represent the majority of the student population worldwide owing to continuous growth in recent decades. Women graduates face challenges of professional employment, career development and labour remuneration due to the gender inequality rooted in gender stereotypes. A study of students' gender stereotypes about managers was conducted in one of the business schools in Central Asia. The study has identified the highest level of gender stereotypes among management students and the lowest among information systems students. Additionally, male students have demonstrated a rather higher gender bias towards women managers compared to their female counterparts. The drawbacks of the current preparation of management students have been defined and the recommendations for teaching and training modernisation have been suggested.

Values are a tendency to favor a particular situation to another. Cartoons and animations also raises the value of understanding's children. Purpose of this study is to determine the values ıncluded ın cartoons and anımatıons acquıred by students aged between 9-11 and role models they take on. The study model is in the case study. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants about the cartoons and animations at a private school in Aydin. Participants are 8 men, 4 of them were women.. Participants were selected from student volunteers. It is asked students why they prefered cartoons and animations they watch, take their hero models and values gained from their. These animations have been examined by experts and researchers who are studying on a qualitative research based on the answers of participants. Reliability rate of value in the animation, according to the Miles & Huberman the reliability formula is determined to be 85%. The fact that participants reported that they watch animations with their families indicated there is a guidence. In order to evaluate students answers, an interview is also held with primary school teacher and social study teacher. For the reason that Social Studies Teachers have knowledge about values in the social studies curriculum, interviews were conducted with them. Because of the reason that there isn't any other branch apart from clasroom teaching in primary school classroom teachers were interviewed for values. The main difference in results related with watching cartoons and animations is guidence of parents. İt is identified that pariticipants are affected by popular culture, their family and peer. In addition, the characteristics of the hero who takes on the role-models reflects their own perspectives.

Various aspects of the personality and activity of the teacher as role model for the school student are considered in article. The stage of option is characterized as the period of formation of professional interests and intentions on which the teacher can have significant effect provided that it will be a role model. In this case it is capable to exert impact on professional self-determination of the school student through a personal example, imitation mechanisms. At the heart of a role model of the teacher as professional humanistic values lie that allows it to serve as a role model not only in narrowly professional, but also in a broad sense. Researchers allocate basic personal the characteristics of the teacher acting as a role model - honesty, trust, justice, respect and responsibility.

Using thematic analysis informed by Bell Hooks’s “power of disbelief,” relational theory, and role model theory, I consider three children’s literature books that were recent nominees for the Texas Library Association’s Bluebonnet Award: Olive’s Ocean, by Kevin Henkes, Silk Umbrellas by Carolyn Marsden, and Circle Unbroken by Margot Theis Raven with illustrations by E.B. Lewis. I argue that, though the female main characters seem to be portrayed as autonomous, their actions and reactions to plot developments demonstrate that they hold tightly to traditional female social roles—and that the other characters in the books support and reify this (in)action through their dominance. I discuss implications for teachers, caregivers, and children’s literature
authors.

This chapter explores the role that celebrities play in the loves of LGBTQ youth, as both role models and mentors. Given the ubiquitous nature of social media in the lives of youth, many youth are now engaging in parasocial interactions with celebrities and see them as part of their larger social network. Drawing on Lady Gaga as an extreme example I showcase how social media sites such as twitter and Facebook can create parasocial relationships that become almost a mentorship in the eyes of youth.

This study aim is to describe the effect of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial role models toward entrepreneurial intention of university students, both directly and through mediation of perceived desirability and perceived feasibility. The population is business and management students at four public universities in Indonesia who have followed entrepreneurship education. Sampling was conducted through stratified proportional random sampling method; numbers of respondents are 209 students. Data is analyzed by structural equation modeling using a generalized structural component analysis (GSCA) software to measure the relationship and accuracy (fitness) of the models and Sobel test to detect the mediation variables. The study results proved that entrepreneurship education affect to increase the entrepreneurial intention through student's self-perception to entrepreneurial capabilities (perceived feasibility). On other hand, a direct effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention is negative. The type of entrepreneurship education at public universities is awareness education. It potentially could become the cause of negative effect between them. Entrepreneurial role models improve student's entrepreneurial intention through the mediation of perceived desirability and perceived feasibility. Entrepreneurial role models do not have direct effect on entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial characteristics difference between role models and students could potentially become the cause the low effect between them. The study results show inconsistency with the previous studies that examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, this study results also indicate the mediation function of perceived desirability and perceived feasibility on relationship between entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial intention which received less attention in previous research. The research results are beneficial for managers and stakeholders of entrepreneurship education in universities to make graduates choose an entrepreneurial career.

Özet "Kütahya'nın kışları sert geçerdi çocukluğumda. Bu bol karlı kış günlerinde okuldan çıkar çıkmaz Hatuniye'nin bayırında kızak kaymak en büyük zevkimizdi. Bizler için tarif edilmez bir eğlence olan bu kayma keyfi, mahallenin büyükleri için ise bayırı çıkmayı ve yürümeyi daha da zorlaştıran bir çileye dönüşüyordu. Aramızda adı konulmamış bir mücadele vardı. Tüm mahalle-özellikle mahallenin yaşlıları-çocuklara karşıydı. Bir tek "O" hariç. Sadece başındaki kasketi, elindeki sazıyla değil; biz çocuklara olan davranışlarıyla, sözleriyle de diğerlerinden farklı olan Hisarlı Ahmet. Babamın ifadesiyle: Herhangi bir adam değil, sanatçı Hisarlı Ahmet." Bu çalışmada, ilk çocukluk döneminde Hisarlı Ahmet ile aynı mahallede yaşamış olan bir çocuğun gözünden bireysel ve toplumsal rol model olarak sanatçı kimliği ve kişiliği ele alınacaktır. Sanatçının karakteri yaşamının ve sanatının şeklini belirlemektedir. Sanatçı yaşama kök salmış, temsil ettiği sanatının, sanatçı kişiliğinin gölgesi üzerimize düşmüş, bizi etkilemiş ve içimize sinmiştir. Bir sanatçı varlığı ve davranışlarıyla toplumdan doğar ve topluma rol model olur. O halde, sanat ve sanatçıyla yaşamı paylaşmanın; bireysel, kültürel ve toplumsal gelişimde önemi ve etkisi açıktır. Toplumun sanatı ve sanatçıyı içine sindirmesi ve sanatçının toplum ve toplumu oluşturan bireylere rol model olmadaki önemi noktasında farkındalık oluşturulması gerekmektedir.

Globalisation often is viewed as negative because of threats to cultural identity, autonomy and integrity. Arguably, young people are more susceptible to these threats as they appear to have greater access to multiple media. In recent times, as media globalisation has steadily deepened, celebrity culture has been identified as a growing phenomenon, emerging with the rise in popular culture. The media both glamourise and glorify the lives of celebrities and this, according to research, has surprising influences on the lives of youth. This study examines, in the context of Nigeria, whether celebrity culture is being appropriated by Nigerian youth through their vicarious experiences of the media. A further aim is to establish whether such appropriation has any influence on their social behaviours and attitudes. Drawing respondents from undergraduate students at two universities in Nigeria, and employing qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the study has found that indications are rife of Western celebrity culture being perpetuated by both mainstream and alternative media, and that this is fast catching up with Nigerian youth’s cultural experiences. However, there appears to be an emerging and empowering hybridisation of African and Western cultures, as Nigerian youth negotiate their cultural identities.

*Author has provided link to a free, but limited download of the full paper on Taylor and Francis page. Happy reading and you can get in touch with feedbacks.

Keywords: celebrity culture, globalisation, identity, media, Nigeria, youth

Since the 1990s there has been some considerable discussion in English education policy of boys' underachievement and of male teachers serving as ‘role models’. Drawing on two separate research projects, this article explores the diverse ways in which individual teachers negotiate discourses of role modelling, while also considering the performative nature of these discourses and some of their effects on teachers. The article shows that discourses of role modelling retain some currency among teachers and highlights the need for contemporary research on equality issues to inform the work of both policy-makers and teachers.

A key to children’s health, both physically and psychosocially, is a sense of who they are and where
they come from. A sense of roots and cultural backstory is especially critical for black children, who endure disproportionately higher rates of poverty and social rejection. For this group, role models can empower; they can instill a sense of self. Unfortunately, in children’s
literature, there is an underrepresentation of black and other people of color, and thereby an underrepresentation of culturally compatible role models. To this end, in Young, Gifted and Black, author Jamia Wilson has assembled 52 black heroes, to remind black children of their history, and to encourage them to strive for their potential.

While there has been a keen interest and much research into why people bully and get bullied could it be that we as a society haven’t yet fully understood the issue?  The very best bullying policies and plans are nothing without true role models who can reflect and model a way of being that is, at the very least, respectful and caring of others.  If the adults who implement these policies are not living and therefore reflecting these qualities themselves, then the words, the rules, and the instructions are empty and devoid of any true meaning.  We need adults and children to work together, with their unique insights and wisdom, to address the bullying epidemic we are now facing.

The paper deals with the perception of to-be employees’ successful behavior based on the patternsof behavior and value systems that havebeen significantly changed in the recent decades. It covers namely theories and highlights importance of human resources for the success of an organization in these days and describes social responsibility of companies as an important factor for shaping future employees’ behaviorwhen preparing for life and work. The data come from sociology and psychology and refer to the future employeesin theiradolescence and focus on the possibility to shape their personalities through patterns of behavior and value systems. The results of Australian research are used for recommendation how to implement social responsibility of companies.