Semantic Information

Reliable automatic semantic annotation systems do not exist for many languages. Their creation depends in many respects on construction of gold standard corpora. In this paper we present a system for supporting the semi-automatic construction of such corpora. The ...

Information retrieval technology has been central to the success of the Web. For semantic web documents or annotations to have an impact, they will have to be compatible with Web based indexing and retrieval technology. We discuss some of the underlying problems and issues central to extending information retrieval systems to handle annotations in semantic web languages. We also describe three prototype systems that we have implemented to explore these ideas.

Source code retrieval is of immense importance in the software engineering field. The complex tasks of retrieving and extracting information from source code documents is vital in the development cycle of the large software systems. The two main subtasks which result from these activities are code duplication prevention and plagiarism detection. In this paper, we propose a Mohamed Amine Ouddan, and Hassane Essafi source code retrieval system based on two-level fingerprint representation, respectively the structural and the semantic information within a source code. A sequence alignment technique is applied on these fingerprints in order to quantify the similarity between source code portions. The specific purpose of the system is to detect plagiarism and duplicated code between programs written in different programming languages belonging to the same class, such as C, Cµ, Java and CSharp. These four languages are supported by the actual version of the system which is designed such t...

This paper addresses the challenge of bridging the seman- tic gap between the rich meaning users desire when they query to locate and browse media and the shallowness of media descriptions that can be computed in today's content management systems. To facilitate high-level semantics-based content annotation and interpretation, we tackle the prob- lem of automatic decomposition of motion pictures into

Web contents related to educational institutions as well as their geographic data of a country is an emerging field of data sharing and consolidating with suitable data repositories to extract useful information to improve and maintain the area-based quality of education. The information of these institutions is available in the unstructured or semi-structured format from heterogeneous sources on the web that originate challenges to develop a smarter method in finding specific information using traditional search engines. The integration of these heterogeneous data along with geographic information is a formidable task to explore implicit knowledge of educational institutions that assist people to improve these systems and it is still getting researchers' attention. In this regard, our research demonstrates the feasibility of semantic web technologies for converting and integrating these unstructured or semi-structured information by introducing machine understandable description of resources and instances by consisting of their concepts and relations, called a repository name EduBD. This yields a magnificent knowledge graph with .75 million nodes, i.e. RDF triples to facilitate reasoning meaningful information by a graph based query language SPARQL. Furthermore, we utilized our knowledge-base EduBD with one more accessible spatial data source Geo-Bangladesh using Physical-Cyber-Social computing approach to examine spatial contents and social information of each institution and therefore achieved the semantic interoperability of our Linked Open Data (LOD) application by eliminating natural language polisemy problems.

BPEL4WS is one of the most utilized business process development languages. It can be used to develop executable business processes as a combination of Web Services interactions in a specific sequence called process flow. But still BPEL4WS lacks sufficient representation of business process semantics required for business processes automation. On the other hand OWL-S (OWL for Web Services) is designed to present such kind of semantic information. There exists similarity in the conceptual model of OWL-S and ...

... 3. Implementation. Back to Top. Two databases are used in the implementation of the proposed method of semantic similarity; they are WordNet [ 15 ] and the Brown Corpus [ 7 ]. Both databases are publicly available and widely used in previously published works. ...

Access to digital music collections is nowadays facilitated by content-based methods that allow the retrieval of music on the basis of intrinsic properties of audio, in addition to advanced metadata processing. However, access to ethnic music remains problematic, as this music does not ...

The focus of this chapter is on the progressive adaptation of database techniques to Web usage in a way quite similar to the evolution from integrated file management systems to database management systems. We review related and open issues, such as the semi-structured data and XML, integrity problem, query optimization problem, and integration issues in both the Web and Semantic

The vast amount of heterogeneous information sources available on the Internet demands advanced solutions for acquiring, mediating, and maintaining relevant information for the common user. Intelligent information agents are autonomous computational software entities that are especially meant to (1) provide pro-active resource discovery, (2) resolve information impedance of information consumers and providers, and (3) offer value-added information services and products. These agents are supposed to cope with the difficulties associated with the information overload of the user, preferably just in time.Based on a systematic classification of intelligent information agents, this paper presents an overview of the basic key enabling technologies needed to build such agents, and respective examples of information agent systems currently deployed on the Internet.

This article offers an overview of channel theory, also called information flow theory, published by Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman in 1997. Firstly, it ignores the problem of exceptions (signals that do not indicate what they use to) and revolves around the so-called initial proposal. Secondly, it takes into account exceptions and elaborates via local logics the so-called basic proposal.

To respond correctly to a free form factual question given a large collection of text data, one needs to understand the question to a level that allows determining some of the constraints the question imposes on a possible answer. These constraints may include a semantic classification of the sought after answer and may even suggest using different strategies when looking for and verifying a candidate answer. This work presents a machine learning approach to question classification. Guided by a layered semantic hierarchy of ...

A novel account of semantic information is proposed. The gist is that structural correspondence, analyzed in terms of similarity, underlies an important kind of semantic information. In contrast to extant accounts of semantic information, it does not rely on correlation, covariation, causation, natural laws, or logical inference. Instead, it relies on structural similarity, defined in terms of correspondence between classifications of tokens into types. This account elucidates many existing uses of the notion of information, for example, in the context of scientific models and structural representations in cognitive science. It is poised to open a new research program concerned with various kinds of semantic information, its functions, and its measurement. 4.4.Cognitive maps 6. Possible objections 4.5.Similarity versus covariation 4.6.Too many correspondences 4.7.No propositional content 7. Conclusions 1.

In his recent book, Daniel Dennett defends a novel account of semantic information in terms of design worth getting (Dennett, 2017). While this is an interesting proposal in itself, my purpose in this commentary is to challenge several of Dennett's claims. First, he argues that semantic information can be transferred without encoding and storing it. Second, this lack of encoding is what makes semantic information unmeasurable. However, the argument for both these claims, presented by Dennett as an intuition pump, is invalid.

This article presents the contribution of XML, with all the derived languages such as XML Schema, XSLT, XPath, XQuery… in the Web development (so that becomes comprehensible as well by the machines by the human : "semantic Web"), in information research (through the metadata), as in the various collaborative activities which can exist between the various users of the digital

Health Information Systems (HIS) are the core support to decision-making in health organizations. Within HIS, health indicators (HI) reflect, numerically, events measured in the health-illness continuum. The integrated health information system is intended to standardize, integrate and organize all the information available in health information systems through an accessible and secure repository, and to conveniently distribute information for decision-making.To standardize