Social needs

Public Private Partnership is a contractual agreement in which private’s experiences with the resources of public reach social goals and generate social outcomes. Affordable housing is one of those social goals that Azerbaijani government also has been paying attention since the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan. It is obvious fact that many socio-economic problems such as refugee crisis, IDP issue, ongoing conflict, population growth and so on create a need to pay attention to affordable housing. Considering the fact that the government cannot solely provide and meet the needs of all people, application of PPP – combining private and public would facilitate the works of the government because private’s profit maximization notion would eliminate unnecessary costs while public’s effectiveness requirement would keep the quality high.

Social needs related to the development of society Streszczenie: Istotńą żasadą żwiążańą ż rożwojem społecżeństwa jest żaspokajanie potrzeb spo-łecżeństwa. Potrżeby te mają wpływ ńa współżycie ludżi w społecżeństwie. W tej koncepcji główńym podmiotem jest jedńostka (cżłowiek) oraż jej potrżeby, a nie państwo. Celem artykułu jest próba pokażańia, że diagńoża potrżeb społecżeństwa prżycżyńia się do rożwoju społecżeństwa. Zastosowańe metody badawcże to prżegląd aktualńej literatury prżedmiotu oraż ańaliża własńa prży użyciu piramidy potrżeb Maslowa. Słowa kluczowe: potrżeba społecżńa, rożwój społecżńy, wyrówńańie sżańs Abstract: An important principle related to the development of society is to meet the needs of a given society. These needs affect the intercourse between people in the society. In this concept, the main subject is the individual (human) and its needs, not the state. The article presents an attempt to show that diagnosis of society's needs contributes to the development of society. The applied research methods are an overview of the current literature on the subject and own analysis using Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

A filósofa política Nancy Fraser destaca-se enquanto importante expoente da Teoria Crítica contemporânea. Conhecida majoriamente por seu debate com Axel Honneth acerca da teoria do reconhecimento, suas formulações legaram importantes contribuições a, no mínimo, três campos do pensamento social: a teoria feminista, a sociologia política dos movimentos sociais e a filosofia da justiça. Visando uma reconstrução e sistematização crítica da evolução teórica da autora, este trabalho considera uma ampla gama de escritos datados de 1980 a 2012. No estudo de uma filósofa que sempre priorizou textos curtos e ensaios publicados em revistas políticas e acadêmicas a grandes sistematizações monográficas, identifica-se dois grandes modelos críticos em torno dos quais orbitam grande quantidade de diagnósticos de época, conceitos críticos e perspectivas emancipatórias. Para tratá-los, é utilizada uma classificação metodológica de sua produção em três blocos temáticos. O primeiro refere-se ao modelo para as "políticas de interpretação das necessidades", que mobiliza conceitos como discurso, democracia, hegemonia, esfera pública, cidadania e necessidade. O segundo trata das concepções teóricas e análises empíricas a respeito da subordinação feminina e das lutas feministas, que atravessam toda a produção da autora; destaca-se aqui o diálogo com as mais variadas correntes do pensamento: Escola de Frankfurt, pós-modernismo, pós-estruturalismo, pragmatismo, teoria do discurso. O terceiro bloco temático, enfim, contempla o modelo para uma teoria crítica da justiça, desenvolvido em estreita conexão com a práxis política dos movimentos sociais; aparecem aqui conceitos como participação paritária, reconhecimento, redistribuição, representação, transnacionalização e estrutura de governança. Não ignorando as oscilações temáticas e conceituais presentes ao longo do percurso filosófico de Fraser, a pesquisa busca compreender as contribuições originais e os inevitáveis limites verificados no pensamento social da autora, tencionando participar da teorização crítica das sociedades contemporâneas e contribuir para a compreensão e superação das injustiças nelas presentes.



The political philosopher Nancy Fraser is recognized as an important exponent of contemporary Critical Theory. Mainly known for the debate with Axel Honneth about the theory of recognition, her formulations give important contributions to at least three fields of social thought: the feminist theory, the political sociology of social movements and the philosophy of Justice. Aiming at a systematic reconstruction and critique of theoretical evolution of the author, it is considered here a wide range of writings dated from 1980 to 2012. In the study of a philosopher who always prioritized short texts and essays published in academic and political journals to large monographic systematizations, it is possible to identify two major critical models that lead to many diagnosis, critical concepts and emancipatory perspectives. To describe them, I use a methodological classification of her writings in three thematic blocks. The first one is about the "politics of needs interpretation" model, which mobilizes concepts such as discourse, democracy, hegemony, public sphere, citizenship and need. The second is about the theoretical concepts and empirical analyzes regarding the subordination of women and feminist struggles, which is visible through the entire production of the author; here, it is possible to highlight the dialogue among the various theoretic currents: Frankfurt School, post modernism, post structuralism, pragmatism, discourse theory. The third thematic block, finally, brings the model toward a Critical Theory of Justice, proposed in close connection with the political praxis of social movements; here are developed concepts as participatory parity, recognition, redistribution, representation, transnationalization and structure of governance. Considering the thematic and conceptual oscillations along Fraser's philosophical course, the research seeks to understand the original contributions and inevitable limits observed in her social thought, intending to participate in the critical theory of contemporary societies and to contribute to understanding and overcoming the injustices present in them.

En este libro recojo la discusión sobre el concepto de necesidad y la influencia de la teoria neoclasica en la construcción del sentido común de necesidades sociales. Propongo una nueva conceptualización sustantiva y una agenda de investigación acción.
La pandemia nos ha puesto en evidencia la necesidad de replantear las necesidades que deben motorizar a la economía y revitalizado nuevos proyectos y respuestas colectivas para resolverlas.
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https://ediciones.ungs.edu.ar/libro/el-sujeto-necesitado-2/

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Social entrepreneurship has emerged in recent years given its importance for societal development and increasing today's economy. To some extents, institutions have failed to resolve the social problems and needs of the rural areas. In this regard, social entrepreneurship gives a new groundwork for the socioeconomic development of the rural people in India. It is high time to adopt it as the alternative solutions to the problems faced by the rural people. Until now there has been less inclusive attempt to specify the extent of social entrepreneurship to the rural populated areas and it demands a new development approach to identify the methods to encourage social innovations both at local and regional levels. Therefore, this paper aims to start lling this gap by exploring the implications of social entrepreneurship and social networks that could better enable sustainable rural development. This paper also argued that social entrepreneurship is the distinct approach to achieve sustainable rural development and suggestions are given for ensuring a successful social entrepreneurship in India.

Designers are continuously looking for innovative and creative designs, but often find themselves stuck inside the designer’s box. The walls of that imaginative box are built up from several elements; personal experience and knowledge, culture, religion, habits and the Zeitgeist with its own episteme. Successful people think differently and never experience the box as something that holds them back, but use the limitations to come up with an even better idea. They are skilled in lateral thinking.
In architecture, innovation is most of the time the consequence of social needs or innovation in technology. Nevertheless it does not mean that innovations in architecture always improve the built environment. The hypothesis of this paper is that the urge of innovation in architecture is often driven by other factors than just wanting to think out of the box. This paper will elaborate on the way innovation in architecture comes to being, and shows via a view case studies what the results and effects of these innovative gestures are.

Keywords:  Thinking out of the box, boundaries, innovation in architecture, lateral thinking, social needs

This paper shows that associative freedom is not what we tend to think it is. Contrary to standard liberal thinking, it is neither a general moral permission to choose the society most acceptable to us nor a content-insensitive claim-right akin to the other personal freedoms with which it is usually lumped such as freedom of expression and freedom of religion. It is at most 1) a highly restricted moral permission to associate subject to constraints of consent, necessity, and burdensomeness, 2) a conditional moral permission not to associate provided our associative contributions are not required, and 3) a highly constrained, content-sensitive moral claim-right that protects only those wrongful associations that honour other legitimate concerns such as consent, need, harm, and respect. This paper also shows that associative freedom is not as valuable as we tend to think it is. It is secondary to positive associative claim-rights that protect our fundamental social needs and are pre-conditions for any associative control worth the name.

Through a Holistic Approach, students help achieve self-determination and establish responsibility at the early stage focuses on the emotional, social and academic needs of the students by cultivating a supportive atmosphere that maximizes their academic and non-academic needs. This study used descriptive researchermade questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used to determine the respondents of this study. They were the 78 Grade VI pupils of San Crispin Elementary School, San Pablo City who are officially enrolled for the academic year 2020-2021. Pearson's r Correlation Coefficient was used in this study. The results show that majority of the Grade VI students were 12 years old females, with parents who are graduates of high school and college, with the father being the only one working for the family who receives a low monthly income. Majority of the respondents were Roman Catholics, with Tagalog ethnicity. They also belong to a mediumsize family, being the eldest of married parents who prioritized education against all other family expenses. The respondents perceived that the school strives to promote wellness as an expression of their support for physiological needs. The social needs of the respondents also show manifest appreciation to good relationship with their teachers and their family's involvement to school activities and the community. The respondents' proficient academic performance is an evidence of their holistic development. Furthermore, the three Dimensions of Wholistic Child Approach; Physiological, Social and Emotional Needs influence the respondents' academic performance. This study suggests to promote activities that enhances the different areas of development of the learners.

Resumo: O texto trata do modelo crítico de Nancy Fraser para uma teoria da necessidade, proposto em sua juventude. Recusando uma concepção essencialista, debruça-se antes sobre a "política de interpretação das necessidades", tratando do conflito discursivo que fundamenta políticas sociais. Através de interlocuções com Habermas, Gramsci e Foucault, o modelo aborda: a luta para pautar uma necessidade como demanda política legítima; a disputa sobre a interpretação das necessidades legitimadas por grupos e instituições sociais; e as maneiras pelas quais a burocracia estatal age em resposta ao propor políticas públicas para satisfazê-las.

Abstract: This paper addresses Nancy Fraser's critical model toward a theory of needs, formulated in her early works. Refusing an essentialist conception, she focuses rather on the "politics of need interpretation" and on the discursive confl ict that grounds social policies. Dialoguing with Habermas, Gramsci and Foucault, her model deals with: the struggle to establish a need as a legitimate political claim; the dispute over the interpretation of needs legitimated by social groups and institutions; and the ways the State bureaucracy reacts to such needs, proposing public policies in order to meet them.

In virtually all rural areas of Ontario, Canada, the limited availability of transportation alternatives means that rural residents without access to a personal vehicle are at an increased risk of transportation disadvantage. To date, little research has been conducted in Ontario as to the transportation limitations of rural residents, nor has a comprehensive study of groups at risk of transportation disadvantage been conducted. To address this gap, this research involved the development and testing of a transportation disadvantage framework, using Key Informant Interviews with service providers operating within Huron County, Ontario. Five demographic groups were found to be at risk of transportation disadvantage within Huron County: (1) older adults, (2) those with physical or mental disabilities, (3) youth, (4) people in low-income households, and (5) women. The results confirm that transportation disadvantage exists on a continuum, with some groups more disadvantaged than others, as well as some services more attainable than others. The framework was found to be a useful, and accessible, starting point for assessing groups at risk of transportation disadvantage in a rural community. The findings suggest that a coordinated transportation service, serving multiple demographic groups, may contribute to reducing transportation disadvantage while better utilizing the resources of existing service providers.

Urban regeneration has been transformed in recent
years from being a concern primarily of the Global
North, to a world-wide phenomenon. Governments of
all political shades pursue regeneration strategies and
projects that impact on investment decisions and the
lives of millions of ordinary and deprived people
world-wide. In the 1960s in Britain an urban
Programme was declared by Prime Minister Harold
Wilson to be focused on the alleviation of acute social
need in selected urban areas. In contrast in 1981
Michael Heseltine set up the property-led Urban
Development Corporations tasked with exploiting
property development opportunities. This paper
proposes two contradictory rationales for urban
regeneration that have become increasing incompatible
under globalised neoliberalism. These arguments are
elucidated through case studies in London, England.

There is a tension between our need for associative control and our need for social connections. This tension creates ethical dilemmas that we can call each-we dilemmas of sociability. To resolve these dilemmas, we must prioritise either negative moral rights to dissociate or positive moral rights to social inclusion. This paper shows that we must prioritise positive social rights. This has implications both for personal morality and for political theory. As persons, we must attend to each other’s basic social needs. As a society, we must adopt a sufficientarian approach to the regulation of social resources.

Известно, что демократизация часто воспринимается как главный шаг на пути к социально эффективному государству. Цель данной статьи — продвинуться в понимании влияния характера политического режима на его социальную эффективность, под которой понимается степень удовлетворения государством базовых социальных нужд населения. В отличие от предыдущих исследований, которые измеряли агрегированный эффект демократии, в данной работе рассматриваются два ключевых компонента — конкуренция элит за власть и общественное участие — и проверяется их относительное влияние на удовлетворение базовых социальных нужд общества. Кросс-национальные статистические тесты показывают, что влияние демократии вовсе неоднозначно: общественное участие оказывает позитивный эффект, тогда как высокий уровень межэлитной конкуренции оказывает скорее негативное воздействие на социальную эффективность государства. В представленной статье обосновывается необходимость пересмотра следующих ключевых вопросов: что такое демократия, как её можно измерить и какой могла бы быть идеальная модель демократии. Попытка «проникнуть внутрь» и узнать, какие аспекты режимов могут повлиять на улучшение социального благосостояния, а какие нет, предполагает новое прочтение самой сути демократизации, её этапов и, главное — первоначальных шагов к демократии. Особого внимания требует анализ роли таких компонентов последней, как выборная конкуренция и политическое участие.

Democratization is routinely perceived as the main step toward a socially effective state. The goal of this paper is to enhance understanding of the political regime’s impact on social effectiveness, understood as a degree of satisfaction of the population’s basic social needs. In contrast to previous studies, which explored democracy’s aggregate impact, this paper disintegrates democracy into two key components — competition and participation — and explores the relative impact of each on social basic needs. Cross-national statistical tests demonstrate that democracy’s impact is not clear-cut: while public participation in politics has a positive impact on basic needs, the impact excessive inter-elite competition on states’ social effectiveness is rather negative. The article is focused on the rational for revisiting the such “huge” questions as what democracy is it, how can we measure it, and what kind might have been the ideal model of democracy. The attempts to get inside and find out — which aspects of political regimes could exert the impact for improving the social wellbeing, but which could not, means a new interpretation of the essence of the democratization.

Both the fulfilment of affection, status, and behavioral confirmation needs and their role in happiness may differ along the adult lifespan. We examined age-graded differences in (a) the fulfilment of the need for affection, status, and behavioral confirmation, (b) disharmonious profiles of need fulfillment (e.g., high affection but low status), and (c) the associations between these needs and happiness. Methods. Data from 11,406 Dutch respondents (age range 18-87 (M=44.82, SD=14.62), 67% female) were collected via the HowNutsAreTheDutch platform and categorized over six age groups (early, young, middle-aged and late adults, young-old and oldest-old). Age-graded differences in social need fulfilment and their link to happiness were examined using regression analyses. Need fulfillment profiles were identified with LCA cluster analyses. Age-graded differences in social need fulfilment were virtually absent (Cohen’s d=0.20 or smaller) and their link with happiness was stable across the age groups. Social need fulfilment profiles were harmonious as people reported either low, middle, or high need fulfilment in general, irrespective of age. The idea that different social needs are more important in different phases of adult life received only weak support in our data. No strategic investment in specific social needs was observed (no substitution-effects). People typically differed in their capacities to fulfill their affection, status, and behavioral confirmation needs in general, regardless of age. The implications of these results for the social production function theory of well-being and socioemotional selectivity theory are outlined in the discussion.

Resumen:
La contabilidad, durante la historia, se establece en función a las necesidades de la sociedad, evidenciando desarrollos contables teóricos y prácticos importantes que definen esta ciencia. A pesar de esto, en la academia no ha sido posible establecer una definición consensuada clara de las funciones y los objetivos de la contabilidad; no obstante, en la práctica se ha reducido y deformado el conocimiento contable a la orden de intereses capitalistas particulares dejando de lado la tradición de la responsabilidad social de la contabilidad mantenida por largo tiempo, se enmarca, en esta lógica, la necesidad de conceptualizar acerca de la función  social de la contabilidad. Para tal fin, la comprensión e interpretación del conocimiento histórico y el devenir contable permiten el acercamiento profundo a las relaciones de la contabilidad y la evaluación de su función y  posición en la historia del mundo y la sociedad predominante actual, que permita concluir acerca del sentido  social de la contabilidad con fundamentos teórico-históricos que ayuden, además, a plantearnos los cambios deseados o necesarios para esta campo de conocimiento.

Abstract:
Throughout history, accounting is set according to the needs of society, showing significant theoretical and practical accounting developments that define this science. Despite this, in the academy it has not been  possible to achieve a clear consensual definition of the accounting discipline functions and objectives; however, in practice, the accounting knowledge has been reduced and distorted in favor of particular capitalist interests leaving aside the accounting tradition of social responsibility maintained for a long time; in this sense the need to conceptualize about the accounting social function is framed in this logic. To this aim, the comprehension and interpretation of the historical knowledge and the accounting development allow a deep understanding of the relations between accounting and the assessment of its function and position in the world history and in the current predominant society. Taking this into account, conclusions about the social meaning of accounting based on theoretical-historical foundations that help as well to consider desired or necessary changes in this field of knowledge.

The current paper attempts to develop a possible method for improvement of social service needs assessment process. The method combines triangulation with results restitution technique. The model presented and tested in a complex research project by us includes several methods: the sociological inquiry, the personal interview and the group interview (focus group). They amount to what the specialists
in the field call triangulation method. We introduced an additional instrument that is results restitution to the community leaders. These leaders become
involved in decisions regarding social services to be deployed, the chances of
success thus being improved. The picture of the social domain also becomes
clearer for both the decision makers and potential investors alike. Methodologically,
the combination of triangulation and results restitution has the potential
to overcome the limits of some other widely used methods like Participatory
Rural Appraisal and Rapid Rural Appraisal.

Introduction. Both the fulfilment of affection, status, and behavioral confirmation needs and their role in happiness may differ along the adult lifespan. Aims. We examined age-graded differences in (a) the fulfilment of the need for affection, status, and behavioral confirmation, (b) disharmonious profiles of need fulfillment (e.g., high affection but low status), and (c) the associations between these needs and happiness. Methods. Data from 11,406 Dutch respondents (age range 18-87 (M=44.82, SD=14.62), 67% female) were collected via hoegekis.nl and categorized over six age groups (early, young, middle-aged and late adults, young-old and oldest-old). Age-graded differences in social need fulfilment and their link to happiness were examined using regression analyses. Need fulfillment profiles were identified with LCA cluster analyses. Results. Age-graded differences in social need fulfilment were virtually absent (Cohen’s d=0.20 or smaller) and their link with happiness was stable a...

The present research deals with the current status of urban spaces, which faced the proliferation of urban, environmental and social behaviors in urban spaces. This indicates the importance of an applicable evaluation methodology that can act as a scientific reference that performs the function of leadership for planners, designers and decision-makers in urban development projects. This guarantees their continuation and communication through individuals in society themselves. This leads to deducing criteria influencing behaviors in urban spaces in residential neighborhoods. The research is concluded with some important results. It seeks to formulate a framework and model for evaluating behaviors in urban spaces, in order for it to be a tool through which positive human behaviors are actualized in urban development processes in new urban communities in Egypt. It also provides the recommendations of the research.

The article describes the mechanism of human’s interaction with social system through
the analysis of its distortion as a result of social exclusion. It was assumed that the impossibility to satisfy basic social needs destroys symbolic links between an individual and a social system. It causes the distortion of the structure of social identity and control over social
reality. Third year students of Ecological faculty of People’s Friendship University of Russia participated in the experiment. In total there were 49 students from 18 to 22 years old
(22 male and 27 female). The social system was imitated in the experiment. Participants
were given a task to discuss and draw a plan of city of a dream. Discussion was carried out
according to certain rules aimed to limit the ability of some of the respondents to participate
in the decision making. As a result, a regressive model was created, proving the influence
of impossibility to content basic social needs on social identity structure (R2 = 0,195; p =
= 0,005) and the feeling of control over reality (R2 = 0,251; p = 0,001).

The shortage of pediatricians has been identified as one of the largest social problems in Japan. This study aimed to compare the assumed ideal nighttime working conditions of pediatric hospitalists in Japan with the actual current situation. By using available data on the age-related numbers of pediatricians in Japan, we described the ideal working conditions for pediatric hospitalists in Japan. The ideal situation was then compared with the existing actual working conditions. Compared with the assumed ideal condition, current pediatric hospitalists are working in many hospitals with a few colleagues. To solve the current supply-demand mismatch on medical care for children during night, an involvement of non-pediatric physicians in the medical care of children during the night is indispensable. Also, parents in Japan need to know the limitations relating to the available capacity of pediatricians, and accept that their children can be cared for adequately by non-pediatric physicians, who have been trained to provide primary medical care to children.