Thirteenth Century

The use of ivory from the teeth and tusks of animals across the globe in the Gothic period, was an extremely precious material for the creation of devotional artworks. However, scholars have yet to fully penetrate the significance of the material history of Gothic ivory as a cultural phenomenon. This study aims to investigate the production of Parisian Gothic ivories, focusing on three different iconographic case studies from the thirteenth and early fourteenth century. After an introduction to the historical context of Gothic ivory and review of relevant scholarship, this dissertation will expose how ivory as a malleable material lent itself to the invention of new iconographic developments in Christian devotion. These case studies will include carvings of the Christ Child and Virgin Mary, and two compositional scenes from the Passion, namely the Crucifixion and the Deposition. Between each of these objects, the raw shape of the tusk is manipulated to dictate a more consciously animated and emotional form that pioneers a profound shift in medieval Christian iconography.

This article investigates the use of feasts and gifts of food in the household of Eleanor de Montfort between February and August 1265. In his influential The dangers of ritual, Philippe Buc argued, through a study of early medieval chronicles, that rituals in medieval Europe were regularly targets for disruption and aggressive manipulation either in practice or in the texts reporting the rituals. This article tests Buc’s thesis against administrative records from thirteenth-century England. The evidence from Eleanor’s household accounts is illuminated through a study of contemporary literary sources and didactic texts. It concludes that the administrative records indicate that rituals in practice were less habitually the subject of manipulation and conflict than the literary evidence indicates.

« Perceval ou la virginité des émotions dans le Tristan en prose », dans FERLAMPIN-ACHER Christine et LE FERRAND-MELOU Catherine (éds), Actes de la journée des jeunes chercheurs de la branche française de la Société Internationale Arthurienne, Rennes, le 6 juin 2019, 2020, [en ligne] Carnet Hypothèses de la Branche française de la Société Internationale Arthurienne, URL : https://f.hypotheses.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/7190/files/2020/04/4.-Sarah-Cals.pdf

While they often go hand-in-hand and the distinction between the two is frequently blurred, authority and power are distinct concepts and abilities – this was a problem that the Church tussled with throughout the High and Late Middle Ages. Claims of authority, efforts to have that authority recognized, and the struggle to transform it into more tangible forms of power were defining factors of the medieval Church’s existence.

As the studies assembled here demonstrate, claims to authority by members of the Church were often in inverse proportion to their actual power – a problematic paradox which resulted from the uneven and uncertain acceptance of ecclesiastical authority by lay powers and, indeed, fellow members of the ecclesia. The chapters of this book reveal how clerical claims to authority and power were frequently debated, refined, opposed, and resisted in their expression and implementation. The clergy had to negotiate a complex landscape of overlapping and competing claims in pursuit of their rights. They waged these struggles in arenas that ranged from papal, royal, and imperial curiae, through monastic houses, law courts and parliaments, urban religious communities and devotional networks, to contact and conflict with the laity on the ground; the weapons deployed included art, manuscripts, dress, letters, petitions, treatises, legal claims, legates, and the physical arms of allied lay powers.

In an effort to further our understanding of this central aspect of ecclesiastical history, this interdisciplinary volume, which effects a broad temporal, geographical, and thematic sweep, points the way to new avenues of research and new approaches to a traditional topic. It fuses historical methodologies with art history, gender studies, musicology, and material culture, and presents fresh insights into one of the most significant institutions of the medieval world.

Thomas W. Smith teaches history at Rugby School and is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

List of Figures and Tables

Introduction
Thomas W. Smith

Part I: Concepts of Papal Authority
1. Privilegium Romanae Ecclesiae: The Language of Papal Authority over the Church in the Eleventh Century
I. S. Robinson

2. Papal Authority and Power during the Minority of Emperor Frederick II
Benedict Wiedemann

3. The Medieval Papacy and the Concepts of ‘Anti-Judaism’ and ‘Anti-Semitism’
Rebecca Rist

4. The Place of the Papacy in Four Illuminated Histories from Thirteenth-Century England
Laura Cleaver

Part II: Representatives of Papal Authority
5. The Interface between Papal Authority and Heresy: The Legates of Honorius III in Languedoc, 1216–1227
Thomas W. Smith

6. Papal Legates in Thirteenth-Century Hungary: Authority, Power, Reality
Gábor Barabás

7. Pope Alexander IV, King Henry III and the Imperial Succession: Master Rostand’s Role in the Sicilian Business, 1255–1258
Philippa J. Mesiano

8. Cardinal Gerard of Parma as Co-Ruler in the Kingdom of Sicily, 1285–1289
Jean Dunbabin

Part III: The Papacy and the East
9. The Power of Tradition: The Papacy and the Churches of the East, c. 1100–1300
†Bernard Hamilton

10. Politics and Power in Latin Efforts at Church Union, 1300–1360
James Hill

11. Modifications to Papal Trade Licences at the Avignon Curia
Mike Carr

Part IV: Cultures of Ecclesiastical Authority and Power
12. The Late Medieval Papal Chapel: A Culture of Power and Authority
Matthew Ross

13. Dress to Impress: Jacque de Vitry’s Clothing and Episcopal Self-Fashioning
Jan Vandeburie

14. Imaging Power: Gender, Power and Authority in Florentine Piety
Catherine Lawless

15. Royal Women, the Franciscan Order, and Ecclesiastical Authority in Late-Medieval Bohemia and the Polish Duchies
Kirsty Day

Part V: Ecclesiastical Communities and Collective Authority and Power
16. Shall the First Be Last? Order and Disorder Amongst Henry II’s Bishops
Nicholas Vincent

17. Eustathios’s Life of a Married Priest and the Struggle for Authority in Twelfth-Century Byzantium
Maroula Perisanidi

18. The Bishop, the Convent and the Community: The Attempt to Enclose the Nuns
of S. Giustina, Lucca, 1301–1302
Christine Meek

19. Archbishop Walter Reynolds, the Clerical gravamina, and Parliamentary Petitions from the Clergy in the Early Fourteenth Century
Matthew Phillips

20. The Power of the Cardinals: Decision-Making at the Papal Curia in Avignon
Melanie Brunner

21. Negotiation and Conflict: The Templars’ and Hospitallers’ Relations with Diocesan Bishops in Britain and Ireland
Helen J. Nicholson

22. Hospitaller and Teutonic Order Lordships in Germany
Karl Borchardt

Index

This chapter investigates the form and consequences of the English invasion of Ireland, c.1166-c.1254, situated within the wider framework of European political configurations and frontier societies. A rapid narrative of the cut and thrust of medieval conquest is interwoven with the analysis of major themes relating to lordship and colonisation.

The majority of the paintings surviving from the thirteenth century, on wood, on walls and as illuminations for manuscripts, were commissioned for churches, monasteries, other religious establishments and also for private dwellings. Strong links with the Eastern Christian world made Byzantine artistic compositions and conventions for depicting sacred subjects, particularly in icon painting and mosaic work, significant influences on thirteenth-century Italian painting. Byzantine art and artists entered Tuscany through the port of Pisa after the fall of Constantinople during a period of population growth and prosperity in Italy when monasticism, religious piety and the building of new churches flourished. Italian-born painters, trained initially by Byzantine artists, succeeded in making the Byzantine prototypes predominate in thirteenth-century Italy and, along with other influences, determined the direction of painting in Siena.

Nella tradizione storiografica le ricerche sui radicali mutamenti politico-istituzionali che interessarono le città comunali italiane nel Duecento, e che si manifestarono soprattutto nell'affermazione dei movimenti di Popolo, e quelle sul ruolo centrale svolto dai mercanti italiani nella rivoluzione commerciale duecentesca sono per lo più procedute parallelamente, senza incontrarsi. Eppure i protagonisti dei due fenomeni, la "rivoluzione politica" del Popolo e la rivoluzione commerciale duecentesca, sono gli stessi. Questo libro è il tentativo, applicato a un case study specifico, la città di Lucca, di integrare le due prospettive. Esso è cioè uno studio sul cambiamento sociale che caratterizzò il Duecento lucchese, del quale furono parte il cambiamento economico e il cambiamento politico, la rivoluzione commerciale della seta e la rivoluzione politica del Popolo, e anche il mutamento delle strategie di affermazione individuale e familiare e dei canali di mobilità sociale. I diversi cambiamenti sono analizzati nel loro complesso intrecciarsi e nel loro imperfetto sovrapporsi, come elementi di un unico processo di trasformazione del tessuto sociale cittadino.
Ricollocate nel contesto delle loro interazioni, sia l'espansione economica duecentesca che l'evoluzione politico-istituzionale sono apparse in una luce in parte nuova. Il diverso punto di vista, cioè, ha consentito di giungere ad alcuni risultati inediti tanto sulla storia dell'industria e del commercio di Lucca quanto sulle vicende del Popolo nella città toscana.

À travers les Vitae des mulieres religiosae, il s’agit de présenter la sociabilité de ces femmes qui, bien que n’ayant pas de statut clair, ont marqué le paysage spirituel des Pays-Bas méridionaux du XIIIe siècle. Relais d’un nouvel idéal religieux, elles sont au cœur de réseaux animés par la pratique d’affections spirituelles encouragées par des ecclésiastiques réformateurs, qui en se faisant les artisans de cet entre-soi spirituel, contrôlent davantage ces dévotes en marge des institutions.

Приказ књиге/Рецензия/Reviewed in:
Colloquia Russica 7 (2017) 485-490 (N. Mika);
Világtörténet 39/4 (2017) 663-665 (S. Szmutkó);
Золотоордынское обозрение 5/1 (2017) 226-229 (D. Radičević)
Војноисторијски гласник 1 (2016), pp. 195-198 (М. Алексић);
Београдски историјски гласник 7 (2016) pp. 131-133 (М. Милојевић);
Историјски часопис 64 (2015) pp. 437-443 (С. Рудић)

In the eleventh and twelfth centuries the walls and ceilings of Italian churches were extensively painted with illustrations from the Old and New Testaments of the Bible that conveyed the Christian message and served as a focus of veneration. The majority of the paintings surviving from the thirteenth century, on wood, on walls and as illuminations for manuscripts, were commissioned for churches, monasteries, other religious establishments and also for private dwellings. Strong links with the Eastern Christian world made Byzantine artistic compositions and conventions for depicting sacred subjects, particularly in icon painting and mosaic work, significant influences in thirteenth-century Italian painting. Byzantine art and artists entered Tuscany through the port of Pisa after the fall of Constantinople during a period of population growth and prosperity in Italy when monasticism, religious piety and the building of new churches flourished. Italian-born painters trained by Byzantine artists succeeded in making the Byzantine style predominate in thirteenth-century Italy and, along with other influences, determined the style and composition of painting in Siena.

Editing key texts of the Later Middle and Early Modern Periods of Islamicate Intellectual History This call for applications pursues a novel approach to one of the fundamental problems of Islamicate History, and Islamicate intellectual history in particular: With the support of the Alexander von Humboldt Kolleg of the Islamicate Intellectual History of the Later Middle and Early Modern Periods at the University of Bonn, scholars are invited to submit a proposal for the critical edition and/or translation into English of a key text of this period. With an estimated 85% of the texts of the Later Middle and Early Modern periods remaining unpublished, basic research ('Grundlagenforschung') is required to make accessible key texts. In the case of Islamic Studies such basic research means indeed preparing critical editions of primary texts based on a careful selection and comparison of the extant manuscript witnesses of relevant texts. In a time and world where critical editions are not the stuff that attract financial support, this is a unique opportunity for those scholars for whom solid philological work means something. Applications for the completion of an edition that has already been begun are also welcome. With this, first, call for applications, we invite scholars to apply for two different strands of residential fellowships, one (i) for an already identified work that we believe deserves publication, and one (ii) bottom-up proposal for the preparation and publication of a critical edition of a text freely chosen and proposed by the applicant. The texts should pertain to the period 1200-1600 and can be written in Arabic, Persian, or Ottoman or Chagatay Turkish. (i) Call for applications to prepare a critical edition of one of the unpublished parts of Ṣadr al-Sharīʿa's (d. 747/1347) Taʿdīl al-ʿulūm. Applications are particularly encouraged from such scholars who have previously worked on Ṣadr al-Sharīʿa and/or have already started preparing a (partial) edition, though entirely new projects are equally welcome. The length of the fellowship depends on the reasoned timeline proposed in the application. (ii) Call for applications to prepare a critical edition and/or English translation of a relevant text freely chosen and suggested by the applicant.

Ce mémoire porte sur l’évolution de l’antijudaïsme chez les intellectuels chrétiens parisiens, particulièrement chez Eudes de Châteauroux, lors du procès du Talmud, c’est-à-dire, entre les années 1240 – année où commence le procès – et 1248, année de la condamnation finale des textes talmudiques. Avec la création des universités au XIIe siècle prend place une curiosité intellectuelle croissante et un désir d’apprendre davantage. Parallèlement à cet essor, l’Église se renforce et une orthodoxie doctrinale commence à s’implanter, avec le désir toujours plus fort de contrôler et d’encadrer les fidèles. Lorsque Nicolas Donin dénonce le Talmud au souverain pontife, en 1239, Grégoire IX demande aux savants chrétiens de l’étudier et de l’analyser. Après
examen, ces textes sont condamnés et les juifs accusés de se détourner de l’Ancien Testament pour suivre le Talmud, un livre rempli d’erreurs. Ainsi, ce que nous allons démontrer dans ce
travail est que l’antijudaïsme virulent chez Eudes de Châteauroux, lors du procès du Talmud, vient d’une incompréhension des livres talmudiques.


This thesis sheds light on the evolution of antijudaism amongst Christians Parisian intellectuals – such as Odo of Chateauroux – between the first year of the trial of the Talmud (1240) and the year of the final sentence (1248) of Talmudic texts. With the creation of universities in the twelfth century, intellectual curiosity and the thirst of knowledge started to spread. Simultaneously, the church’s presence and its doctrinal orthodoxy strengthens, with an even stronger desire to control its worshipers. When Nicolas Donin reports the Talmud to the Pope in 1239, Gregory IX requested Christian scholars to study and analyze it. Once properly examined, the texts were condemned and Jews were accused of turning away from the Old Testament in order to follow the Talmud, a book full of errors. Thus, what will be brought to light in this work is that the virulent antijudaism of Odo of Chateauroux, exhibited during the trial of the Talmud, stems from a misunderstanding of the Talmudic books.

The enigmatic Simon de Montfort, sixth Earl of Leicester in the thirteenth century during the reign of King Henry III, has been a divisive historical figure since the day of his ascension to member the royal court. His role in the period of reform and rebellion from 1258-1265 has been closely scrutinised by historians for the past 700 years, yet there has emerged “a different Simon from almost every pen”.  Simon de Montfort’s legacy is inextricably linked with English cultural conceptions of honour, justice and leadership, and his character is highly susceptible to idolatry and hero-worship by the disillusioned and disenfranchised. Consequently, he can also represent a dangerous, provocative threat to the political status quo of those in a position of tenuous power.

The main goal of this paper is to examine the relations between the Bosnian Banate and the papacy during the thirteenth century, one of the most turbulent periods in the history of this interaction. The focus will be set on the development of the situation regarding the Bosnian bishopric, its position in the political turmoil, and its fate after the collapse of every chance for agreement. First, we will give a short overview of the periods that precede this time when this bishopric was the centre of two waves of the Christianization of these areas and the carrier of religious life during the late Antiquity and early Middle Ages. The main part of the paper is dedicated to the events from the first half of the thirteenth century, crucial period that shaped the future political and religious picture of medieval Bosnia. The final part of the paper will cover the longest lasting consequences of the aforementioned events: the cessation of official contacts between Bosnia and the Roman Curia, relocation of the Bosnian bishopric outside its territory, and the formation of the Bosnian church-an autocephalous organization that emerged on the foundations of the previous Catholic diocese.

A German paper that gives examples of reuse of XIIIth century Papal letters at the French royal Chancery during the XIVth century. Models were taken from the summae dictaminis of Thomas of Capua and Riccardo of Pofi, and were reworked to form new preambles, using patchwork techniques, or more subtile techniques. Thus the French royal ideology had a lot to do with Papal phraseology during that time...

More than fifty years ago, Frank Harrison argued that the conductus originated in the troped Benedicamus and that it functioned as a substitute for that versicle in the Office. The vestige of this possible early interconnection between the two genres may be detected in a number of ‘Notre-Dame’ polyphonic conducti that incorporate the Benedicamus versicle in their musico-poetical constructions. Yet, the principal ‘Notre-Dame’ manuscripts are inconsistent in positioning polyphonic Benedicamus settings: W1 pairs Benedicamus organa with conducti, F places them after organa for the Office, and in W2 they are found at the end of the manuscript’s section dedicated to organa for the Mass. This may be attributed to both the erratic liturgical nature of the versicle Benedicamus Domino and the possible lack of available space in the relevant sections of some sources. While scribes had to sometimes compromise between genre, liturgical destination, and manuscript arrangement, this explanation contrasts with the thorough and rational arrangement of material that typically identifies the ‘Notre-Dame’ sources. A shift in ordering criteria may have occurred, reflecting changes of function of the polyphonic Benedicamus Domino during the first half of the thirteenth century.
The relationship of the two genres may however be shown to determine the juxtaposition of Benedicamus settings and conductus in W1 and that this ordering represents an older structural arrangement for ‘Notre-Dame’ sources. The case may be supported by evidence contained in a recently discovered fragmentary manuscript source (Troyes 1471), which was copied in Paris no later than the 1220s and shares W1’s pairing of conductus and Benedicamus organa. The paper also addresses the inclusion of Benedicamus settings within organa for the Office and the Mass in F and W2 respectively; this may indicate both a loosening connection between conductus and Benedicamus organa and a change in their functions. This furthermore helps explain the migration of Benedicamus settings from the Office (F) to the Mass (W2) in view of a comparable shift of monophonic settings of the versicle in the thirteenth century.

English recension available in Speculum n° 86, 2011/2, p. 499-500. This book is divided in two basic parts. Part one follows the birth of the so-called collection of dictamina/letters of Petrus de Vinea, and is consequently a sort of history of the rhetorical Latin practices at the court and chancery of Frederic II of Sicily and his sons. It envisions the social milieu as well as the rhetorical techniques and their uses for propaganda. The second and more innovative part is a global european exploration on the fortune and reuse of this important textual collection, which worked as a matrix/writing guide in most European royal chanceries from 1280 onwards. Separated chapters are devoted to England, France, the Empire and Bohemia, and Italy. Short sketches on the spanish peninsula, Hungary and Poland have still to be completed by coming papers. Hence the title, as the book can serve as a global essay on the chancery rhetoric and the rhetoric of power in 1200-1400 Europe. Since 2008, a new (usefull, but far from definitive) edition of the Petrus de Vinea letters has been published under the supervision of Edoardo d'Angelo (Pier della VIgna, Epistolario). I have myself added new material that could fit in the second part (reuse of the sources in Aragon, Castile, Poland...). But the book remains more or less valid...

This article analyses the discovery by the author of a fourth recension of the First Crusade letter written at Laodicea in September 1099 (Hagenmeyer no. XVIII). A different version of the same letter from the second recension is also analysed and both letters are published for the first time.

Premessa Il restauro in corso dei due mosaici pavimentali della Cattedrale Santa Maria As-sunta di Aosta è l'occasione per presentarne una storiografia aggiornata e commentata. È questo uno studio nato come impianto preliminare ad un contributo molto più ampio, volto a analizzare quanto la geometria, la numerologia e la cosmografia pagana antica siano entrate a far parte della cosmografia cristiana, acquisendo quest’ultima le nuove valenze teologiche, poi rappresentate nelle figurazioni dei manoscritti, nei dipinti murali e nella realizzazione dei mosaici. Il mosaico superiore della Cattedrale si presta in modo particolare a questa analisi per la centralità riservata dai mosaicisti alle forme geometriche, un intreccio di cerchi, quadrati, rombi e diagonali quasi del tutto spogliato del florilegio di figure antropo-zoomorfe, referenti tanto di simbologie geografiche e zodiacali, quanto di icone vetero e neotestamentarie. In tal senso la netta prevalenza dello spazio geometrico rispetto a quello figurato non solo differenzia questo mosaico da quello inferiore, la cui rappresentazione dell'anno con il ciclo zodiacale dei mesi si ripete, pur con le debite varianti, in non pochi esempi al di qua e al di là delle Alpi, ma è ciò che lo rende unico nel suo genere. L'impianto geometrico della cosmografia cristiana fu interamente mutuato dalla cosmografia pagana nei suoi costituenti essenziali: circolarità, punti cardinali, rosa dei venti, Zodiaco, stagioni, quattro elementi della materia, sfera delle stelle erranti (i sette pianeti) e stelle fisse. Tra il XII e il XIII secolo la cosmografia cristiana trovò la sua più piena realizzazione quando la cosmologia neoplatonica, ormai piena-mente assimilata dal cristianesimo, ebbe ampio spazio di sviluppo nell'idea di un universo creato da Dio secondo regole geometriche e numeriche. Pur con gradi diversi di complessità, le immagini della cosmografia cristiana furono il risultato finale di un processo che, nato come acquisizione di una composizione formale ba-sata sulla circolarità del cosmo pagano, passò attraverso le illustrazioni scientifiche di argomento astronomico e astrologico per approdare ad un universo popolato di simboli biblici, cori angelici, animali e mostri tratti dai bestiari a rappresentare vizi, virtù e scenari dell'Apocalisse.

ESPAÑOL
La poesía de debate castellana constituye un corpus rico para el estudio de las tradiciones discursivas que se despliegan en las imágenes y tópicos en ella presentes, y en los recursos retóricos que sus protagonistas ponen en juego. La integración de diversas fuentes textuales –entre las que se encuentran la lírica provenzal, los debates latinos y la poesía goliárdica– hace de estos poemas un punto de confluencia entre tradiciones de carácter popular y letrado, que hablan del modo en que sus impulsores dieron forma a una lengua poética nueva y promovieron el uso del castellano como lengua literaria. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este trabajo será analizar la interacción de las tradiciones textuales antedichas y sus marcas léxicas desde una perspectiva histórico-cultural, y a partir del marco teórico de la pragmática histórica.

ENGLISH

Castilian debate poetry constitutes a rich corpus for the analysis of the discourse traditions that can be found in the images and topoi exploited, and in the rhetorical devices the speakers capitalize on. The integration of diverse textual sources –i.e. Occitan literature, Latin debates and goliardic poetry¬– makes these poems a meeting point of popular and cultivated traditions, that reveal the way in which their promoters shaped a new poetic language and encouraged the use of Castilian as a literary register. Therefore, the purpose of this study will be to analyse the interaction of the textual traditions aforementioned and their lexical markers from a cultural-historical perspective, and through the methodological framework of historical pragmatics.

The 13th and 14th century sources that are related to the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order repeatedly mention a Polotsk prince Constantine who supposedly gave Latgale (East Latvia) to the Teutonic Order and whose activities apparently took place around the 1260s. Historians have identified prince Constantine with rather different Russian princes. The background to the Livonian texts mentioning Constantine is a bitter controversy between the Archbishop of Riga and the Teutonic Order over hegemony in Livonia and competition for the subjugation of East Latvia in the 13th and 14th century. Sources describing these events are biased and deeply polemical. The article identifies Prince Constantine with a representative of the Polotsk or Smolensk local dynasty who came into power in Polotsk for some time after the death of Lithuanian Prince Tautvila in 1263.
http://fzbg.ut.ee/startseite
https://brill.com/view/serial/FZBG

Alfonso X el Sabio re di Castiglia e Leon (1252-1284), grande riformatore del diritto e mecenate delle scienze e della cultura, è stato uno dei più famosi monarchi dell’età medievale. Da diversi decenni si studia la sua produzione giuridica, letteraria, musicale e artistica. La sua vasta cultura, che lo rendeva degno erede dello zio Federico II di Svevia, lo portò fin dai primi anni del suo regno a cercare un ruolo da protagonista nello scacchiere europeo, prima con il progetto di una grande crociata in Africa settentrionale, poi con il sogno di cingere la corona del Sacro Romano Impero e di raccogliere l’eredità sveva. L’Autore accende i riflettori su un tema tralatizio della storiografia spagnola suggerendo prospettive e interpretazioni innovative del fecho del Imperio. Mentre gran parte degli storici spagnoli vedono nel sogno imperiale del rey Sabio un tentativo di estendere l’egemonia castigliana sugli altri regni iberici, l’Autore coglie il desiderio di universalità del re castigliano ricostruendo passo passo le relazioni diplomatiche con il papa, i monarchi europei, i principi tedeschi e, soprattutto, con i signori e i comuni italiani, che videro in Alfonso imperatore una speranza di riscossa contro il potere angioino nell’Italia centro-settentrionale. In questo saggio si mette in risalto non solo il punto di vista di Alfonso X, ma anche quello di ogni singolo signore, podestà o capo-fazione ricostruendone l’esperienza politica, le ambizioni, le aspettative e le speranze nell’alleanza con Alfonso X. Il re vedeva in essi la via per arrivare alla corona imperiale e per ottenere una solida base di potere in Italia. In questa impresa investì un enorme capitale in risorse finaziarie, militari, umane e di comunicazione politica. L’apparato propagandistico di cui Alfonso si servì fu degno della sua fama: solenni cerimonie feudali, opere pubbliche e artistiche, musica e poesia di argomento politico sono solo alcuni esempi, messi in luce e analizzati nell’opera. La ricerca, che vuol portare un contributo su un tema dibattuto, è stata condotta utilizzando un’ampia gamma di fonti storiche di diversa natura e documenti editi e inediti provenienti da diversi archivi italiani e spagnoli.

This book tells the history of Cambridge from the earliest Roman and Anglo Saxon inhabitants through to the notorious Cambridge Spies, who actively spied for the Soviet Union in the 1950s. Told in an accessible manner, and illustrated throughout, the contents are:
1. Etheldreda: Born a Princess, Died a Saint
2. Vanquished by the Vikings: the sacking of Cambridge
3. Fire, Death and Murder at the Fairs: Stourbridge and Midsummer Fairs
4. Jousting Tournaments: history of jousts at Cambridge
5. The Black Death: death in Cambridge
6. Peasants' Revolt: attacks on Cambridge colleges during the revolt
7. Bloody Mary's Revenge on Cambridge
8. Burnt at the Stake: John Hullier, the Protestant Martyr
9. Bear-Baiting: cruel sport in Cambridge
10. Witches and Witchcraft: women killed for being witches
11. Bull-Baiting: more cruel Cambridge sports
12. The English Civil War: the fortification of Cambridge
13. Oliver Cromwell's Missing Head
14. Pressed for an Answer: Peine Forte et Dure
15. One in the Eye for Sir Isaac Newton
16. Highway Robbery: highway men in Cambridge
17. Branding: punishment for crimes
18. Bloody Burwell Fire: the death of 70 innocent people
19. Dick Turpin: his time hiding in Cambridge
20. Cockfighting: history of cockfighting at Cambridge
21. The Resurrection of Tristram Shandy - death of Laurence Stearne: grave robbers steal his body for dissection in the university
22. Cambridge Gallows: the tragedy of those hung at Cambridge
23. The Tragical Death of the Revd Samuel Reeve
24. The Chimneysweep Burglars: thefts from colleges
25. Elizabeth Woodcock and the Curse of the Three Tuns Inn
26. General Tom Thumb Causes a Riot
27. Sister Act: The Cambridge Arsenic Poisoners
28. The Three Tuns Inn: Den of Thieves
29. Burned Alive
30. Bloody Students: The Battle of Town and Gown
31. Fatal Bumps: death on the river Cam
32. Suffragette's Protest
33. The Great War: the role the university played in WWI
34. The Judases Who Betrayed from Within: the story of the Cambridge spies: Blunt, Burgess, Philby, MacLean, and others
35. The Enigma of the Second World War: the role Cambridge played in cracking the German enigma codes at Bletchley Park

Also attached are reviews of the book in the Cambridge News by Emma Higginbotham and a piece about Oliver Cromwell's Head, taken from the book.

C. H. (Hugh) Lawrence (1921–2018) was, perhaps, best known for his brilliant general survey Medieval Monasticism which was first published in 1984 and has gone into four editions and is still in print. But he also wrote scholarly monographs, on Edmund of Abingdon and Adam Marsh. He did not write a great many articles, thirteen in all published between 1954 and 2018, but they are all works of careful and illuminating scholarship with their focus firmly on the thirteenth century.
The collected essays in this volume are: The Thirteenth Century ♦ The English Parish and Its Clergy in the Thirteenth Century ♦ St Richard of Chichester ♦ The Origins of the Chancellorship at Oxford ♦ The University in State and Church ♦ The University of Oxford and the Chronicle of the Barons’ Wars ♦ The Medieval Idea of a University ♦ Robert of Abingdon and Matthew Paris ♦ Edmund of Abingdon ♦ The Alleged Exile of Archbishop Edmund ♦ Homily on the 750th Anniversary of the Canonisation of St Edmund of Abingdon, 15 November 1996 ♦ Stephen of Lexington and Cistercian University Studies in the Thirteenth Century ♦ An English Endowment for the College Saint-Bernard ♦ The Letters of Adam Marsh and the Franciscan School at Oxford ♦ Adam Marsh at Oxford.
A bibliography of the writings of C. H. Lawrence is also included.

This paper is one of the first studies of the sophisticated hydroengineering of the Lalibeal Churches. Does it show a connection to India, where such activities were well established? Given the emergent trade between east Africa and India, it is more than likely that India-based experts in some way or shape enabled or assisted in the design.

The National Archives in London holds many rolls produced by or for the Exchequer in the thirteenth century which have received little attention. These rolls were used in the process of compiling the pipe rolls, the great annual summaries of debts owing and paid.
The twelfth-century Dialogue of the Exchequer describes a mainly verbal system of auditing, carried out face-to-face between the officials of the Exchequer and the sheriffs. By the mid-thirteenth century, there was a complex system of interlocking records to track the flow of cash from the agencies of government throughout the country. These preliminary records survive in sufficient quantity to provide a better understanding of how the Exchequer worked.
Each type of record is different, in format and level of detail, but they can all be related to the summarized details entered in the pipe rolls. In many cases, the locally-produced rolls have been marked up and amended, to show the process of checking and calculation at the Exchequer. This talk gives examples of: manorial records, produced by escheators and by administrators of vacant dioceses; sheriffs’ particulars, showing the revenues which made up the county farm, and the expenditure by the sheriff on behalf of central government; estreat rolls, conveying details of amercements recorded in plea rolls; and records of the exchanges, such as the rolls of silver purchases, showing how silver was acquired for minting.
The Exchequer also tried to slim down the pipe rolls, by removing detail into separate rolls, the rotulus pullorum and the rotulus de corporibus. These too can help us to understand the procedures of the Exchequer as it tried to establish a reasonably efficient and honest system of collecting and checking the government’s revenues.

Le champ religieux est un cadre privilégié pour étudier l’enfermement et la sexualité en particulier au Moyen Âge, époque durant laquelle le christianisme exerce alors un contrôle très étroit sur la libido, en particulier pour les femmes et pour les personnes religieuses.
Dans le cas des mulieres religiosae des Pays-Bas méridionaux du XIIIe siècle, la contrainte est donc double puisqu’elles sont femmes et dévotes. D’un statut religieux varié et variable (nonne, sœur de léproserie, béguine en communauté ou vivant au foyer familial), elles cherchent à atteindre un idéal de pureté sexuelle qui les conduit à faire le choix d’un retrait du monde qui se manifeste généralement par une réclusion. Toutefois, l’encadrement spirituel de ces mulieres religiosae nécessite la présence d’ecclésiastiques sur les lieux mêmes de leur enfermement, mettant en danger la chasteté des deux sexes désormais en présence. Pour contrer la menace du péché de fornication, les uns et les autres s’inscrivent dans une sociabilité normée par la pratique d’affections spirituelles qui, assurent par ailleurs, leur mutuel perfectionnement religieux.
En s’appuyant sur la littérature hagiographique traitant des mulieres religiosae, notamment leurs biographies religieuses (Vitae) rédigées justement par des ecclésiastiques qui leur sont proches, nous voudrions proposer une réflexion sur la place de l’enfermement et des rapports de genre pour des femmes qui ont fait le choix d’une vie sans sexualité. Bien que ces sources soient d’une manipulation délicate dans la mesure où il s’agit d’une littérature édifiante, elles mettent précisément en évidence les modalités de cet enfermement sous tension. La lecture de ces textes permet ainsi de repérer d’une part les enjeux et les pratiques de l’enfermement de ces femmes qui tentent ainsi d’échapper à un destin féminin à la sexualité active. D’autre part, ces sources mettent en lumière les menaces sexuelles auxquelles les mulieres religiosae doivent faire face quand elles sont conduites à accepter la mixité dans un espace clos non-mixte. Grâce à la fois à des prescriptions d’occupation de l’espace dans ces moments délicats de cohabitation, mais aussi à des règles comportementales, les mulieres religiosae tout comme les ecclésiastiques qui les côtoient peuvent néanmoins préserver leur pureté sexuelle

Applications are invited for Final Year Dissertation Write-up Fellowships at the Alexander von Humboldt Kolleg for the Islamicate Intellectual History of the Later Middle and Early Modern periods at the University of Bonn, to commence on 1 April 2018 for one year. Three grants are available for doctoral candidates who are in the process of completing a dissertation on a topic relevant for the thirteenth to sixteenth century Islamicate intellectual history (Philosophy, Theology, Sufism, legal theory, the history of science as well as the so-called occult sciences, political thought, historiography, and adjacent areas). The Fellowship provides a stipend that is intended to permit full-time work on the dissertation, without reliance on part-time employment. Fellows will be expected to deliver a termly presentation on their research in progress at the Alexander von Humboldt colloquia at the University of Bonn as part of a research group under the leadership of Professor Judith Pfeiffer.

Candidates must have, by the time of the appointment, completed all course work (ABD) and must have sufficiently advanced in researching their thesis in a relevant field of study to be able to complete the dissertation during the year of their fellowship.

The Fellow will have a strong command of at least one of the languages Arabic, Persian, or Turkish, and reading knowledge of a second, and should preferably have a reading knowledge of at least one European language other than English; a thorough understanding of the social and political history of the period; sufficient palaeographical skills to work with Islamic manuscripts; good written and oral communication skills; good skills and experience in teamwork; and good planning and time management skills. The criteria for selection are outstanding performance and scholarly promise, and the likelihood that the candidate will complete his/her dissertation within 12 months of the start date of the fellowship.

Applications are welcome from students both at Bonn University and at any other accredited international institution of higher education. The working language at the Kolleg is English. Applicants from other institutions may apply for a recognized student status at Bonn University, but will continue to work with their main supervisor and dissertation committee throughout the fellowship, and will submit their thesis to their home university. As per the stipulations of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Fellowship holders are required to acknowledge the support of this grant appropriately in their dissertation and ensuing publications.

All candidates are expected to pay student fees at the regular rates. Successful non-Bonn candidates will be required to pay the relevant fees (currently 287 € per semester/six months), and international students must be able to obtain a student visa, for which they will receive support from the Alexander von Humboldt Kolleg. These fellowships cannot be held in conjunction with DAAD, DFG, AHRC, or equivalent grants.

Grant value: 1.350,-Euro/Month, plus travel support.
Start date: 1 April 2018.
Deadline for applications: 12 noon on Wednesday 3 January 2018.

In his paper, the author concentrates on the comprehensive analysis of fragments of written records that he carried out in the context of the Battle of Zawichost. He starts with the review of sources such as Chronicle by Wincenty Kadłubek, "Annals of the Cracow Chapter", "Old Cracow Annals", "Chronicle of Dzierzwa" and "Chronicle of Greater Poland". The author used a critical approach to those sources, the content of the written record and the reconstruction of the events. On the other hand, Ruthenian written records analysed by the author give us information about the Battle of Zawichost that is not confirmed by Polish sources. As a result, we are not able to state which sources contain original, primary information, and thus which should prevail.

Historians studying the Barons’ War of 1263-67, the bitter conflict between the English monarch, Henry III, and his baronage, under the leadership of Simon de Montfort, have overwhelmingly concentrated upon the land-based campaigns of Lewes and Evesham. Others have similarly focused upon the protracted siege of Kenilworth Castle in 1266. Yet surprisingly little attention has been paid by scholars to the naval aspects of this crucial period in English history. Throughout the hostilities the English Channel was the scene of constant maritime activity. Men and equipment from continental supporters were transported across the Dover Straits while emissaries crossed incessantly. There were no set piece battles, but the war at sea saw several amphibious operations and vessels from the Cinque Ports actively engaged in piratical raids on merchant shipping.

This paper will thus argue that the maritime theatre during the Barons’ War was far more significant than has been previously recognised. Emphasising the importance of seapower in both royalist and Montfortian strategic planning, it will discuss how maritime considerations directly impacted upon land-based campaigns.

The development of the duchy of Brabant in the twelfth and thirteenth century has already been analysed by many diplomatic scholars. Nevertheless, the political discourses in the charters of the dukes have never been scrutinized before. Charters are written in a formal lexicological framework and do not seem to be the ideal sources for the study of political discourses. Still, discourse analysis can offer new
insights into medieval diplomatic studies and reveal “hidden” ideologies behind the structure of a charter. This contribution deals with the use of different identities (such as Lotharingia, Louvain and Brabant) in the ducal charters and how they contributed to the legitimate authority of the dukes. Furthermore, the authority of the dukes will be analysed related to other contemporary actors present in the charters (such as the
emperor, religious and urban communities) and their part in the territorial politics of the dukes.

Данная статья является междисциплинарным исследованием: она объединяет в себе историко-богословские изыскания в области средневековой христианской мысли и изучение истории христианского образования. Она строится вокруг убеждения, что социокультурный и интеллектуальный контекст с одной стороны и форма и содержание богословия с другой стороны всегда взаимосвязаны. Другими словами, система или тип образования, которое получает человек, влияет на его способ мышления и, в конечном счете, на его богословие. Вес и ценность данного утверждения контекстуального богословия проверяются и изучаются в рамках историко-богословского анализа университетского образования тринадцатого века и формирования такого феномена как средневековая схоластика.
Исследование выявляет и показывает связи между образовательной моделью, которая доминировала в то время, и богословием, которое тогда формулировалось. В роли подтверждения и иллюстрации данного тезиса выступает конкретный пример Фомы Аквинского и его Суммы теологии. Наконец, в заключении предлагается несколько коротких замечаний касательно образовательной и богословской ценности данного исследования для современных рядовых христиан и людей, работающих в сфере христианского образования.