Tire

Dynamic tire properties, specifically the forces and moments generated under different circumstances, have been found to be important to motorcycle dynamics. A similar situation may be expected to exist for bicycles, but limited bicycle tire data and a lack of the tools necessary to measure it may contribute to its absence in bicycle dynamics analyses. This paper describes tools developed to measure these bicycle tire properties and presents some of the findings. Cornering stiffness, also known as sideslip and lateral slip stiffness, of either the front or rear tires, has been found to influence both the weave and wobble modes of motorcycles. Measuring this property requires holding the tire at a fixed orientation, camber and steer angles, with respect to the pavement and its direction of travel, and then measuring the lateral force generated as the tire rolls forward. Large, sophisticated, and expensive devices exist for measuring this characteristic of automobile tires. One device...

İZMİRDEKİ KUTSAL ZİYARET YERLERİ: TİRE ÖRNEĞİ
GÖKÇE ZEYNEP GÜZEY
ÖZET
Anadolu toprakları Türkler gelmeden önce birçok farklı dini ve etnik zümreye ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Büyük Selçuklularla beraber Anadolu’ya adım atan Türk toplulukları boylar halinde batıya doğru ilerlemişler, bu bölgelerdeki yerel halkla komşu olmuşlar fakat kendi öz kimliklerini kaybetmemişlerdir. Anadolu’yu yurt tutma süreci, hoşgörü ortamının oluşması ve göç eden Türkmenlerin fethedilen yerlere yerleştirilmesi ile kolaylaşmıştır. Bu göçlerin sorunsuzca kalıcı iskâna dönüşmesinde Horasan’dan gelen ve baba-dede adını verdiğimiz dervişlerin rolü büyüktür. Bulundukları bölgeleri bayındır kılmak ve nizamı sağlamakla görevlendirilen Türkmen babaları Anadolu’nun Türkleşme ve İslamlaşma sürecinde yoğun çaba sarf etmişler, cihat ve irşat için kendi tebaalarını eğitmişlerdir. Bu zatlar öldükten sonra da unutulmamış, kutsal kabul edilerek mezarlarının bulundukları yerler ziyaret edilmeye devam etmiştir. Kutsal ziyaret yeri olarak kabul edilen bu yerlere halk arasında genellikle dede, baba, türbe, yatır gibi isimler verilmektedir. Bu ziyaret yerlerinin büyük bir çoğunluğu günümüzde hala ziyaret edilmekte ve isteklerin kabul olacağı düşüncesiyle çeşitli uygulamalarda bulunulmaktadır. 
Çalışma alanımız olan İzmir, Batı Anadolu’nun en büyük şehirlerinden birisidir. Anadolu’nun en batısına kadar gelen bu dervişler, İzmir şehrinde de iskân ve irşat için faaliyetlerde bulunmuşlar ve vefatlarından sonra da bu topraklara gömülmüşlerdir. İzmir’in hemen hemen her ilçesinde bu dervişlerin türbelerine rastlamak mümkündür. Dede, Baba, Şeyh, Hoca gibi isimlerle anılan bu zatların türbe ve yatırlarını en çok Tire, Ödemiş, Bayındır, Kemalpaşa, Konak, Menemen, Bergama ilçelerinde tespit ettik. İzmir’de bu kutsal ziyaret yerlerine en çok rastladığımız ilçe Tire’dir. İlçe merkezi ve köyler dâhil olmak üzere otuz ziyaretgâhın bir kısmı Beylikler ve Osmanlı döneminde yaşamış devlet adamlarına ve idarecilere aitken bir kısmı da bahsetmiş olduğumuz baba, dede ve şeyh unvanlarına sahip dervişlere aittir. Bildirimizde, Tire’nin İzmir’deki kutsal ziyaret yerleri arasındaki yeri belirlenecek ve bu ziyaret yerlerinde yapılan uygulamalar ile bu uygulamaların işlevleri ortaya konulacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Tire, kutsal ziyaret yerleri, türbe, İzmir.

SACRED VISITING PLACES IN İZMİR: THE CASE OF TİRE
ABSTRACT
The Anatolian lands has been home to many different religious and ethnic communities before the Turks arrived. Turkish communities who stepped into Anatolia with the Great Seljuks went to the west with tribes, they became neighbors to the local people in these regions but did not lose their self-identities. The process of settlement in Anatolia was facilitated by the atmosphere of tolerance and the placement of migrant Turkmens in conquered places. The role of the dervishes called “baba” or “dede” came from Horasan is great in the transformation of these migrations into permanent settlement. The Turkmen fathers who are tasked to make the regions developed and organized  have made great efforts in the process of Turkification and Islamization of Anatolia, and they educated the people for jihad and guidance. These people had not been forgotten after being dead, they have still been accepted as sacred and the places where their graves were located continued to be visited. These places, which are considered as sacred places, are given names such as “dede, baba, türbe, yatır.” A large majority of these places are still being visited today and various practices are performed for the acceptance of requests.
İzmir, our field of study, is one of the biggest cities of Western Anatolia. These dervishes who came to the western part of Anatolia were also active in İzmir for settlement and guidance and after their death they were buried in these lands. In almost every province of Izmir it is possible to encounter the tombs of these dervishes. We have identified the tombs and graves of these people who are known as “Dede, Baba, Şeyh and Hoca” in Tire, Ödemiş, Bayındır, Kemalpaşa, Konak, Menemen, Bergama districts. Tire is the district where the most sacred places exist in İzmir. There are thirty sacred places including the center and villages.  that Some of them are the tombs of statesmen and administrators who lived in the period of Beyliks and Ottomans and the others are the tombs of dervishes called as “baba, dede and şeyh. “In this paper, we will try to determine the sacred places of Tire in İzmir and also the practices in these places will be revealed with their functions.
Key words: Tire, sacred visiting places, tomb, İzmir.

Özet Şâzeliyye'nin İstanbul ve Anadolu'daki serüvenine ilişkin son zamanlarda ya-pılan akademik çalışmalar bize yeni bazı bilgiler sunmaktadır. İstanbul'daki Şâzelî dergâhlarının sayısı, bu dergâhlarda görev yapan şeyhlerin isimleri ve dergâhların işleyişiyle ilgili artık daha çok bilgiye ulaşılmaktadır. Bununla bir-likte tespitimize göre bu çalışmalarda değinilmeyen ve bugüne kadar varlığına işaret edilmeyen, Anadolu'da faaliyet göstermiş bir Şâzelî dergâhı daha bulun-maktadır. Makale, Tire Şâzelî Dergâhı'na dair arşiv kayıtlarındaki belgelere göre, 1299/1883 senesinden başlayarak 1326/1910 senesine kadar, dergâhın yirmi yedi yıllık tarihinin bazı kesitlerine ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Abstract Recent academic studies about the adventures of Shadhili order in Istanbul and Anatolia present us new information. More information is available about the number of Shadhili dervish lodges in Istanbul, the names of sufi masters who worked in these lodges, and how these lodges worked. On the other hand, according to our findings, there was another Shadhili dervish lodge that worked in Anatolia. This article aims to shed light on some parts of 27-year long history of Shadhili Lodge in Tire from 1299/1883 to 1326/1910 based on archive records.

Located in western Anatolia, trending on a longitudinaleast-westaxis, thelesser Meander basin, was named in ancient times Caistrus. The basin derivesits name from this locally most important source of water. This basin’sprimary town of Tire lying in the district of İzmir was an important in land trade centre during the period of the Turcoman Aydınoğulları principalityand the earlyOttoman era. The aim of this paper is top resent witht heaid of the existing archaeological datatheanalysis of the Tire settlement in ancient times. In addition the paper aim stodemonstrate the relationship between ancientTeira and the basin it occupies. Inscriptions in form us that this town that has been named through eras variously as Teira, Apateira, Arkadiapolis and it has acted as a major agricultural ware house, a role it still maintains today. Located in the hinterland of the ancient Asia regionstate capital, Ephesus, it has served the agricultural needs for this capitalcity. In addition to this agricultural link between the setwocentres, undoubtedly there were other aspect to this relationship. In this study there is a discussion on the postulated settlement system of ancient town of Tire and with the support of a limited number of surviving artefacts, an inference is made on the broader importance of this town.

Road security has become with time a topic of concern in our society as per the increasing number of accidents and deaths occurring on the highways. Regulatory experts on road users have constantly been working for ways to solve this problem and thence better the lives of the citizens. This paper is aimed at proposing a mathematical model integrating specific parameters, describing the dynamic lateral behavior of a vehicle's tire and chassis systems and enabling to state a relationship between road characteristics and vehicle dynamics. To achieve this, we made used of the fundamental theorems of dynamics for the modeling of the vehicle's suspended and non-suspended masses and load transfers, then we associated this with the Pacejka Tire model to obtain a complete vehicle model. After the particularization of a global model, a simulator was realized named "DYNAUTO SIMULATOR" which iterates the given variables to produce a consistent result. After an experimental res...

Road security has become with time a topic of concern in our society as per the increasing number of accidents and deaths occurring on the highways. Regulatory experts on road users have constantly been working for ways to solve this problem and thence better the lives of the citizens. This paper is aimed at proposing a mathematical model integrating specific parameters, describing the dynamic lateral behavior of a vehicle's tire and chassis systems and enabling to state a relationship between road characteristics and vehicle dynamics. To achieve this, we made used of the fundamental theorems of dynamics for the modeling of the vehicle's suspended and non-suspended masses and load transfers, then we associated this with the Pacejka Tire model to obtain a complete vehicle model. After the particularization of a global model, a simulator was realized named "DYNAUTO SIMULATOR" which iterates the given variables to produce a consistent result. After an experimental research made on the Ndokoti-PK 24 road section we could, thanks to our simulator determine the maximum speed to have at every turn of this road section and also understand the effect of the modification of a vehicle's center of gravity on its stability. This work will be an important tool which can be recommended to the regulatory board as a major asset in the road construction policy and also in the improvement of road safety measures.

In the rubber industry, especially in the tire branch, inspection of shape and dimensions of freshly extruded rubber profiles which are components of a final product is an important problem. Accuracy of shape and dimensions of these profiles largely defines the quality of final product. Reviewed in this paper are existing solutions and inspection technologies which are in use for this type of problem. Proposed in this paper is a novel solution for the inspection of shape and dimensions which performs on a par with existing methods, while providing simplicity and cost effective design. The proposed solution employs a two-dimensional movement of a simple laser beam, which measures the distance rather than the laser plane whose reflected traces are analyzed as an image.

Abstract. Gasification of biomass and different types of waste now is considered as one of most perspective ways for production of heat and electricity. It is necessary to clean the synthesis gas from tar and soot particles in order to use it in turbines and micro turbines, internal combustion engines for electricity production, chemical reactors for syn-thetic fuel or chemicals production. The main objective of this work is investigation of catalytic tar destruction in order to evaluate two selected catalysts, namely dolomite, available in Lithuanian as natural resource, and char derived from pyrolysis of used tires. The effi-ciency of these catalysts were investigated as an ability to decompose tar hydrocarbons at high temperatures and op-timal process conditions were determined, which are base starting point for developing new functional material and technological solutions. Results of catalytic steam reforming of two main tar compounds from biomass gasification – benzene and nap...