UNICEF

The paper describes the findings of a geographical mapping and analysis of residential care facilities in four regions of Ghana. The mapping exercise study identified 24 residential facilities with 944 children, amounting to 22% of residential facilities and 27% of children in residential facilities in Ghana. Most of the residential facilities were privately run with their budgets funded by international donors. Seventy-five percent of the residential facilities were unlicensed because they did not meet the national standards for residential care facilities. Most of the children in the 24 residential facilities were male and aged 11 to 17 years. Nine percent of the children in the residential facilities were 0-3 years, but 28% had been admitted aged 0 to three years. The average length of time the children spent in the residential facilities ranged between three and five years. In many of the residential facilities, the main reason for children's admission was poverty-related without involvement of social welfare officers. The implications for future service development emerging out of the study include ensuring that the residential facilities are licensed and have functional administrative systems to enumerate the children in their care, screen volunteers before they work in the facilities and reunify children in care because of poverty.

Les programmes de transferts sociaux monétaires sont de versements en espèces aux groupes les plus vulnérables de la population, avec l’objectif majeur de satisfaire les besoins de base et d’assurer le niveau minimal de consommation aux bénéficiaires. La garantie d’avoir le minimum se révèle être un droit fondamental, qui doit être assuré en tant que politique publique dans le cadre juridique d’un système de protection sociale. Ce mémoire exposera le processus de la mise en oeuvre du programme de transfert monétaire au Mozambique, programme lui-même composé d’un système opérationnel complexe et transversal, ainsi que d’une coopération multilatérale au sein de laquelle de nombreux acteurs sont imbriqués. Le Mozambique fait face non seulement à des défis qui limitent l’efficacité du programme, tels que le manque de ressources et à des obstacles dus à des manquements institutionnels et techniques. L’analyse des programmes de transferts monétaires permet de poser la question de l’insuffisance observée ainsi que leur absolue nécessité.

This working paper explores the main ethical challenges, and corresponding mitigation strategies, in relation to involving children with disabilities in evidence generation. Children with disabilities are defined as individuals under 18 years of age who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments that, in conjunction with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. Evidence generation activities are defined as research, evaluation, data collection and analysis. The purpose of this paper is to equip the reader with an understanding of some of the key ethical issues, as articulated in the literature, involved in engaging children with disabilities in evidence generation activities. A rapid review of the relevant literature was undertaken, and sources identified through an online search and consultation with experts. In total, 57 papers were deemed relevant and were included in the review. There ...

RESUMEN: La protección del derecho a la vida e integridad física del niño, niña y adolescente desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria como derechos personalísimos, y humanos razonados de buena fe y en el respeto a los propios actos configura una relación jurídica en el Derecho de Familia en la formación de su personalidad. La proporcionalidad entre sus necesidades y condiciones de vida intervienen en la construcción jurídica del interés superior del niño, niña y adolescente, como herramienta volitiva reguladora de las disyuntivas legales de las cuales es sujeto. La trata de persona como delito internacional se manifiesta también en la extracción de órgano del niña, niño y adolescente, sus características nos permitieron analizar el conflicto de intereses que se presenta al quebrantarse desde su arista ontológica la dignidad humana y correlativamente el principio de la autonomía de la voluntad en la relación bioética médico-paciente. Palabras claves: Dignidad humana, derecho a la vida, interés superior del niño ABSTRACT: Protecting the right to life and physical integrity of children and adolescents from an interdisciplinary perspective and personal rights, and human reasoned in good faith and respect for one's actions set a legal relationship in family law in training of his personality.

A presente produção científica tem como tema as práticas políticas pelo grupo de K-Pop BTS. Num recorte temático, será estudado o caso da Campanha ‘Love Myself’, promovida em parceria com o escritório da UNICEF Coreia. [...] Objetiva-se com esse trabalho estudar o caso da promoção da Campanha ‘Love Myself’ do BTS junto a UNICEF. Partindo desse objetivo geral, tem-se como finalidades específicas: a dedução da necessidade de criação da Campanha ‘Love Myself’; a análise da diplomacia cultural sul-coreana na parceria BTS e UNICEF na promoção da Campanha; a avaliação dos dados levantados pelas hashtag #BTSLoveMyself e #ENDviolence no Twitter como parte da Campanha.

The Evaluation, carried out from 31 October 2017 –2 March 2018, concerns the European Union’s (EU) Financing Decision "Access to basic services for the vulnerable population in Lebanon– Education & Health” (Financing Decision N° C (2014)9115 adopted on 4 December 2014). This includes Delegation Agreements with UNICEF, UNHCR and WHO.

This report demonstrates that the response did not focus enough on integrated and whole-system based approaches. For example, enrolment must be coupled with retention and retention is related to barriers to education, quality of teaching, and
socio-economic pressures on refugees. Protection plans must be matched with on the ground service levels, reach, and referral systems. Medical supply chains must be matched with forecasting systems, training of medical professionals, and strict governance and oversight structures.

By being more reactive than proactive, by focusing on tangible results rather than a sufficiently funded holistic approach to education, protection and health, many outcome level results have been elusive, and this has led to a palatable level of frustration and recrimination amongst the international and government actors committed to the most vulnerable people living in Lebanon.

Since the beginning of the 21st century southern countries have been experiencing a sustained period of development, allowing hundreds of millions of people to get out of poverty and expanding different forms of South-South Cooperation (SSC). As underlined by the 2013 Human Development Report published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the growing group of Middle-Income Countries (MICs) has benefitted from economic growth, greater trading opportunities, as well as increasingly sophisticated information and communication technologies. Countries such as China, India and Brazil but also Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey are now proof of a multipolar world in which the MICs have an accumulated capital of experiences and solutions on how to promote sustainable human development. The publication at hand is embedded in this dynamic global context and provides a first account of the different ways through which the UN supports Mexico’s South-South Cooperation (SSC). As one of the first joint country-level analyses of UN SSC activities in the Latin American region, it identifies elements to improve both the scale and quality of this multilateral effort.

The acts of war and violence are increasingly prevalent in contemporary society. Within the last decade, the use of weapons has become more efficient and powerful resulting in devastation and loss of human life. Globally, people in affected regions usually exhibit residual effects, these effects however tend to be more pronounced in children and young adults. This paper presents concrete research on the effects of war-trauma, migration-trauma and, parental (family) distress of refugee children (RC) with the aim of understanding the deviant behavior of refugee children in reported trauma cases reviewed. This paper established the impact of war-trauma on refugee children. Children with prolonged exposure to war or violence related events stand a higher risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which could result in violent behavior throughout their life time if proper intervention is not administered. Aggravated mental stress disorder could also be experienced due to migration trauma as the RC traverse several regions enroute their new environments; which in turn leads to family distress as separation occurs as well as acculturation issues.

Executive Summary: The United Nations has a long history of engaging the public through prominent celebrity Goodwill Ambassadors who advocate for various organizational goals. The overarching goals of organizational partnerships with celebrities involve attracting the attention of the public (and influencing the public sphere) to promote United Nations program values and objectives. Within the past decade, Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have greatly enhanced Goodwill Ambassador programs and the capabilities of their communication strategies.

Although communication strategies for Goodwill ambassadors are multifaceted and vary by program sector, they share the broad objectives of maximizing publicity that simultaneously promote both the United Nations program and celebrity diplomat; Celebrity diplomacy is a convenient strategy for the United Nations because it can be employed without uproar for impact research. Even though the ideological motivations of international organizations might be unclear, celebrities are convenient tools for promoting the universality that the United Nations embodies.

The increased use of celebrity Goodwill Ambassadors does come with drawbacks for United Nations programs. Media attention on celebrity advocates overshadows the communication objectives of United Nations organizations. In order to enhance the impact of the Goodwill Ambassador, communication strategies involving social media should be emphasized in order to meet the goals and objectives of UNICEF, UNESCO and UN women programs. Using Goodwill Ambassadors in social media campaigns can have the dual benefit of increased engagement with civil society and the public sphere along with meeting fundraising goals.

BACKGROUND:
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Interventions aimed at preventing PTB can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention.

OBJECTIVE:
To conduct a review of systematic reviews on the effectiveness and safety of primary and secondary preterm birth prevention interventions.

SEARCH STRATEGY:
A systematic literature search of the Cochrane, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL databases was conducted on 2 September 2015, and updated on 21 November 2016.

SELECTION CRITERIA:
We included any published systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or individual patient data (IPD) of RCTs related to primary or secondary prevention of PTB, published between 2005-2016 where gestational age at birth (of any interval) was a pre-specified outcome. Individual trials and non-systematic reviews were not eligible.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:
The population of interest was all pregnant women, regardless of PTB risk. The primary outcome was PTB < 37 weeks.

MAIN RESULTS:
In total, 112 reviews were included in this study. Overall there were 49 Cochrane and 63 non-Cochrane reviews. Eight were individual participant data (IPD) reviews. Sixty reviews assessed the effect of primary prevention interventions on risk of PTB. Positive effects were reported for lifestyle and behavioural changes (including diet and exercise); nutritional supplements (including calcium and zinc supplementation); nutritional education; screening for lower genital tract infections. Eighty-three systematic reviews were identified relating to secondary PTB prevention interventions. Positive effects were found for low dose aspirin among women at risk of preeclampsia; clindamycin for treatment of bacterial vaginosis; treatment of vaginal candidiasis; progesterone in women with prior spontaneous PTB and in those with short midtrimester cervical length; L-arginine in women at risk for preeclampsia; levothyroxine among women with tyroid disease; calcium supplementation in women at risk of hypertensive disorders; smoking cessation; cervical length screening in women with history of PTB with placement of cerclage in those with short cervix; cervical pessary in singleton gestations with short cervix; and treatment of periodontal disease.

CONCLUSION:
The overview serves as a guide to current evidence relevant to PTB prevention. Only a few interventions have been demononstrated to be effective, including cerclage, progesterone, low dose aspirin, and lifestyle and behavioural changes. For several of the interventions evaluated, there was insufficient evidence to assess whether they were effective or not.

El presente proyecto nace de la  necesidad de UNICEF-Venezuela, por centrar sus esfuerzos comunicacionales en los jóvenes, basándose en la metodología de Naciones Unidas de comunicación para el desarrollo, C4D, dónde la investigación parte de adolescentes entre los 14 y 19 años de edad de la ciudad de Caracas, seleccionando como muestra jóvenes del barrio Petare del Municipio Sucre el cual representa la comunidad con mayor índice y densidad de población, tanto de Latinoamérica como de Venezuela. 
En Venezuela, el 43% de la población tiene menos de 19 años de edad,  lo que refleja en gran medida la importancia que tiene el buen desarrollo de la sociedad joven venezolana como generadores de cambio y progreso social. La adolescencia es una etapa muy importante llena de transformaciones y acontecimientos, debido a que en ella se produce el paso de la niñez a la vida adulta.
Uno de los organismos no gubernamentales especializados a nivel mundial en garantizar que se respeten los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes es UNICEF, El Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia, quienes desde agosto 2010 y hasta agosto 2011 se encuentran celebrando el “Año de los Jóvenes” a nivel mundial.
                Para la elaboración de este estudio se seleccionó un modelo de investigación  de campo, enmarcado en un paradigma  cualitativo, puesto que permite obtener los datos de la fuente directamente vinculados al objeto de estudio, a través de entrevistas grupales e individuales, actividades varias, donde la observación y la interacción directa concede que los mismos jóvenes expresen su pensar, sus sueños y sus necesidades, premisas que sentarán las bases dentro del diseño de la pieza comunicacional desde y para los mismos jóvenes. Las estrategias están comprendidas dentro de los cinco derechos,  seleccionados previamente junto a UNICEF-Venezuela, los cuales son, no discriminación, supervivencia y desarrollo, opinión de niños, niñas y jóvenes,  ocio y cultura, y libertad de expresión, éstos guiarán el enfoque de la investigación y la campaña.
                Es fundamental destacar que el haber adoptado ésta metodología de investigación logró que acertadamente se pudiera trabajar con los jóvenes y conseguir los medios, el mensaje y las actividades que potenciarán tanto su desarrollo como su participación responsable en sociedad.

The document summarizes the situation of children and women in relation to health (maternal mortality, child mortality, malaria, etc.), education (early childhood education, primary and secondary), child protection (child abuse, violence against children, etc.), and poverty, among other topics. The document was commissioned by UNICEF Zambia.

La historia de la Educación Inicial en el Perú representa un esfuerzo innovador de atención a los niños menores de cinco años. Analizando y reflexionando sobre sus cimientos y paradigmas, es especialmente la creación de los programas no escolarizados con intensa participación comunitaria iniciados con el PROPEDEINE de Puno lo que permitió al Perú alcanzar un sitial inspirador y pionero en alternativas de atención para la niñez especialmente aquella de zonas marginadas deprivadas de servicios y donde la niñez y sus familias afrontaban mayor vulnerabilidad.

Es por ello que siendo parte de la historia de la Educación Inicial en el Perú pero especialmente habiendo estado activamente involucrada en los diferentes programas no escolarizados.me permito compartir parte de la historia de los programas no escolarizados de educación inicial y valorarlos a la luz de los aportes en el campo del desarrollo de las mujeres que constituyen el mayor número del personal involucrado en estos programas.
El presente documento constituye una actualización del documento original escrito a solicitud de la UNESCO para la Reunión Regional organizada por la UNESCO –OREALC para reflexionar y plantear alternativas para el tema de la Educación de las Mujeres en nuestra América Latina. Fui invitada a Panamá en 1985 en mi calidad de Asesora Regional del UNICEF en el campo del Desarrollo Infantil para compartir con colegas las perspectivas sobre este tema. En la actualidad, luego de 30 años  he creído oportuno hacer una actualización, con una comprobación total del impacto de los PRONOEI no solo en los niños y niñas objetivo fundamental de estos programas sino principalmente en todos sus gestores y responsables, las cuales en su mayoría son mujeres.

Anak adalah seorang lelaki atau perempuan yang belum dewasa atau belum mengalami masa pubertas. Setiap anak mempunyai harkat dan martabat yang patut dijunjung tinggi dan setiap anak yang terlahir harus mendapatkan hakhaknya tanpa anak tersebut meminta. Secara tegas esensi penting seorang anak juga memiliki perlindungan dalam hidupnya. Perlindungan anak adalah segala kegiatan untuk menjamin dan melindungi anak dan hak-haknya agar dapat hidup, tumbuh, berkembang, dan berpartisipasi, secara optimal sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat kemanusiaan, serta mendapat perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi.Namun dalam prakteknya masih sangat banyak yang melanggar perlindungan anak ini, yaitu melakukan kekerasan, eksploitasi hingga diskriminasi pada anak. Melihat kondisi seperti ini yang terjadi hampir di seluruh dunia, membuat berbagai mata dunia tertjua pada kondisi ini, salah satunya adalah UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) merupakan salah satu organisasi Internasional di bawah naungan PBB yang bergerak dan berperan aktif dalam berbagai isu tentang anak di dunia. Dalam menangani kondisi ini UNICEF melakukan sebuah kampanye yang berkolaborasi dengan Grup Laki-laki berasal dari korea yaitu BTS. Kampanye tersebut diberi nama "Love Myself". Love Myself adalah sebuah kampanye yang diselenggarakan oleh BTS yang bekerjasama dengan United Nation Children's Fund atau yang lebih dikenali dengan UNICEF yang biasanya menyuarakan gerakan anti kekerasan kepada anak-anak dan remaja diseluruh dunia.

The wellbeing and nurture of children is a paramount concern for every country, culture, and community. Internationally, notable numbers of children undergo maltreatment, leading to significant lifelong implications (WHO 2016).

In UAE, child welfare, safety, and protection have been evidently intensifying in many spheres - political, social and cultural. Legalism, bureaucracy, and procedures are recognized as key drivers of child protection systems. Governments at both federal and local levels have developed policy frameworks for child protection and safety as part of community-based change initiatives.

Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA) has been closely monitoring the safety and well-being of children as part of its evaluation of the schools. However, policy and research on child maltreatment are under-researched and under-conceptualized remains in its infancy.

This report examines advances made in promoting a culture of preparedness through disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives. The work conducted by national counterparts and UNICEF represent strong building blocks to promote more comprehensive changes at the policy level and strengthen resilience in the everyday lives of children, families, schools and the communities they serve. This report is for DRR practitioners; decision and policy makers, and government bodies engaged in disaster DRR; development workers who seek to integrate DRR into their programmatic activities; parents, school principals and teachers who seek to help children understand their environment and take appropriate actions to enhance their safety.

Secara umum, UNICEF menyediakan bantuan yang berkepanjangan dalam kemanusiaan serta perkembangan anak-anak dan para ibu di negara-negara berkembang. UNICEF juga memastikan bahwa setiap anak di dunia ini diberi makan dengan baik, divaksinasi dengan baik, memperoleh pendidikan yang layak, dan dilindungi secara baik. Intinya adalah pemenuhan hak anak secara total dan baik. Perhatian UNICEF banyak tertuju kepada pemenuhan hak setiap anak yang dapat dimulai dari membangun rumah atau tempat berlindung yang layak, penyediaan nutrisi yang baik, perlindungan dari bencana alam dan konflik, kepedulian prenatal agar terjadi kelahiran yang sehat, ketersediaan air dan sanitasi yang bersih, serta kepedulian terhadap pendidikan dan kesehatan

This article explores ethical issues raised by parenting interventions implemented in communities in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) with rural, subsistence lifestyles. Many of these interventions foster “positive parenting practices” to improve children’s chances of fulfilling their developmental potential. The practices are derived from attachment theory and presented as the universal standard of good care. But attachment-based parenting is typical primarily of people living Western lifestyles and runs counter to the different ways many people with other lifestyles care for their children given what they want for them. Thus, such parenting interventions involve encouraging caregivers to change their practices and views, usually with little understanding of how such changes affect child, family, and community. This undermines researchers’ and practitioners’ ability to honor promises to uphold ethic codes of respect and beneficence. Support for this claim is provided by comp...

É viável um estudo de caso da Campanha ‘Love Myself’? O estudo é relevante em vista de os estudos sobre o BTS serem emergentes no Brasil, assim como no mundo, e as produções de ciência voltarem-se mais para os aspectos de consumo do grupo enquanto produto da indústria de música pop sul-coreana. No que tange ao impacto político, compreende-se o BTS como um destaque na mídia, mas com a ausência de produções sobre sua atuação junto a diplomacia cultural sul-coreana e as consequências decorrentes desta para a marca nacional do país. Objetiva-se com esse trabalho estudar o caso da promoção da Campanha ‘Love Myself’ do BTS junto ao UNICEF. De maneira a cumprir a proposta, foi produzido um estudo de caso, com a utilização dos materiais fornecidos pelos sítios eletrônicos da Campanha ‘Love Myself’ e #ENDviolence como base. Também estão sendo empregados produções científicas sobre: a Campanha; a cultura de fãs do ARMY; a Diplomacia Cultural sul-coreana; o multiculturalismo; traduções e teorias sobre as mensagens de músicas do BTS, entre outras. Considerando que o BTS é um grupo global, eles conseguiram atingir um grande número de pessoas, independentemente da idade, mesmo com a maioria jovem, com as mensagens de suas músicas, e a Campanha ‘Love Myself’ foi necessária para expandir, tanto as barreiras da Indústria de K-Pop, como a possibilidade de participação dos idols dessa indústria em atos globais para a construção de um futuro melhor para as futuras gerações.

update 04/05/2020:
however, this is a difficult task! continue to constantly inform yourself. I neither trust Dr. Shiva Ayyadurai 100%. They are making us dizzy in purpose all the time! Stay all healthy and clear in mind!

And I still promote the idea of RFK II to petition to investigate Bill Gates' operation: https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/we-call-investigations-bill-melinda-gates-foundation-medical-malpractice-crimes-against-humanity

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update 29/4/2020:
we have to be careful with the Kennedies. JFK and RFK I both promoted vaccination (which makes indeed sense in certain cases).
Therefore, RFK II is actually not 100% trustworthy. Please watch this interview with Dr. Shiva Ayyadurai from min 15:50, esp. min 18:24 ff. for RFK II:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NRG59xhA2A&feature=emb_logo
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published in: Global Research, April 18, 2020

https://www.globalresearch.ca/bill-gates-and-the-depopulation-agenda-robert-f-kennedy-junior-calls-for-an-investigation/5710021

For over twenty years Bill Gates and his Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) have been vaccinating foremost children by the millions in remote areas of poor countries, mostly Africa and Asia. Most of their vaccination program had disastrous results, causing the very illness (polio, for example in India) and sterilizing young women (Kenya, with modified tetanus vaccines). Many of the children died. Many of the programs were carried out with the backing of the WHO and-yes-the UN Agency responsible for the Protection of Children, UNICEF. Most of these vaccination campaigns were implemented without the informed-consent of the children, parents, guardians or teachers, nor with the informed-consent, or with forged consent, of the respective government authorities. In the aftermath, The Gates Foundation was sued by governments around the world, Kenya, India, the Philippines-and more. Bill Gates has a strange image of himself. He sees himself as The Messiah who saves the world through vaccination-and through population reduction. Around the time, when the 2010 Rockefeller Report was issued, with its even more infamous "Lock Step" Scenario, precisely the scenario of which we are living the beginning right now, Bill Gates talked on a TED show in California, "Innovating to Zero" about the use of energy.

Los Nidos Bilingües son espacios de encuentro intergeneracional y comunitario donde se comparten saberes, conocimientos, valores y formas de sentir el mundo, mediante la transmisión oral de los idiomas indígenas originarios y el castellano. Su objetivo principal es revitalizar las lenguas indígenas originarias a través de la transmisión intergeneracional del idioma de manera natural, con especial atención a las y los niños de 0 a 4 años, en espacios donde puedan escuchar y hablar su idioma, al mismo tiempo de compartir el castellano, y ser parte viva de sus saberes y conocimientos.

Next week, Regarding Rights will publish Veronica Fynn’s analysis of the case of Canadian Omar Khadr. On 27 July 2002, 15-year old Khadr became the youngest prisoner since the Second World War to be prosecuted for war crimes by a military tribunal. Detained and tortured at Guantanamo Bay,  Fynn argues Khadr was abandoned by Canada, contrary to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Supreme and Federal Courts Rulings, and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Khadr was returned to Canada on 29 September 2012 to serve the reminder of his sentence after pleading guilty. Fynn examines the Khadr case as an illustration of the uneven and ad hoc nature of law in the so-called “War on Terror,” where one child (Khadr, born into what has been frequently characterised as a “Muslim terrorist family”) is underserving of state protection while another (e.g. former Sierra Leonean child soldier Ishmael Beah) warrants sympathy and compassion. In such cases, Fynn asks, is the phrase “all are equal under the law” a myth or fact?

There has been an observable rise in the participation of celebrities in diplomacy, along with the increased use of social media for diplomatic purposes. Similarly, the Korean Wave has also seen an increase in its popularity, influence, and recognition across the globe. Previous studies on celebrity diplomacy – for the purposes of this research, is a concept coined by Andrew F. Cooper that highlights the presence and participation of celebrities, usually through international governmental organizations (IGOs) or non-governmental organizations (NGOs), in the publicization of international causes and in engagements with high-level state actors to affect policies – have focused on Western perspectives and the activities of celebrities including George Clooney, Angelina Jolie, and Bono, while studies on the Korean Wave have mostly focus on the media and culture aspect, and the effects within and to South Korea only. Given these, using a qualitative approach in its case study, this research asked and analyzed how the K-pop group BTS as celebrity diplomats, and the Love Myself Campaign of BTS and UNICEF, have promoted UNICEF’s child protection campaigns, specifically, the #ENDviolence campaign. The strategies used by BTS and the Love Myself Campaign to promote the #ENDviolence campaign have also been investigated. Data collected are comprised of English web articles and news reports from various Korean and Western news and entertainment websites, write-ups from official campaign websites, and content from social networking sites such as tweets from official Twitter accounts and Instagram posts.

Η σχολική αποτυχία και επομένως η εγκατάλειψη του σχολείου πριν την ολοκλήρωση της υποχρεωτικής εκπαίδευσης είναι συχνό φαινόμενο στην ελληνική εκπαίδευση. Τα αποτελέσματα κοινωνικών στατιστικών ερευνών και εκπαιδευτικών μελετών από το 2006 μέχρι το 2014 αποδίδουν την κατάσταση της μαθητικής διαρροής στην Ελλάδα.

Pembangunan manusia harus dilakukan sejak lahir ke dunia, karena anak usia dini merupakan individu yang sedang mengalami proses perkembangan yang akan berlangsung sepanjang hidupnya. Pada masa pertumbuhan anak, dibutuhkan asupan gizi yang baik sejak anak berada dalam kandungan. Selain itu, periode emas pada anak sebaiknya dapat diberikan asupan gizi dengan baik agar terhindar dari masalah-masalah gizi yang dapat menghambat perkembangannya di masa depan. Indonesia masih mengalami masalah gizi yang belum dapat ditanggulangi dengan baik, masalah gizi yang dihadapi Indonesia saat ini terbagi dalam 3 bentuk, yaitu: sudah dapat dikendalikan, yang belum selesai, dan ancaman baru. Masalah yang sudah dapat dikendalikan diantaranya, kekurangan vitamin A (KVA) dan gangguan akibat kekurangan  Iodium (GAKI). Masalah yang belum selesai yaitu, tingginya prevalensi anak balita Stunting (pendek) yang menjadi prioritas bagi Kemenkes (Kementrian Kesehatan). Sedangkan masalah gizi yang menjadi ancaman baru yaitu, masalah gizi lebih atau kegemukan. Di Indonesia, hampir 4 dari 10 anak berusia di bawah lima tahun mengalami hambatan pertumbuhan berupa stunting (pendek). Dalam paper ini, akan dibahas tentang masalah gizi di Indonesia yang belum selesai dan menjadi prioritas, yaitu Stunting.

İki sene önce kaleme aldığım makalemden bir alıntı ile başlayayım , TARLADAN OKULA, FIRINDAN KÜTÜPHANEYE-Cigdem Yorgancioglu Türkiye'deki çocuk işçiliğinin en berbat biçimlerinden birİ sokaklarda çalıştırılan çocukların yaşlarının beşe kadar düşmesi oldukça yürek burkucu. Gerek sokaklarda gerekse kamu taşıtlarında pek çok kez karşımıza çıkan bu içler acıtan manzara çoğumuzu hüzünlendirse de görüntü silikleşip ortadan kalkınca hayatımızın olağan akışına ve rutinine odaklanmamız çok da sürmüyor. Dilendirilen ya da bu eyleme alet edilen çocukların yaşlarının bebekliğe kadar indiğini hiç saymıyorum bile. Her şeyden önce 18 yaş altı gençleri ve çocukları çalıştıran işyerlerinin dikkat etmesi gereken bazı özel durumlar bulunmaktadır. 18 yaş altı işçilerin çalışma saatleri, çalıştırılabilecekleri işler, iş kanunu kapsamında sahip oldukları haklar diğer sigortalı işçilere göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bunun yanısıra çocuk işçi ve genç işçi aynı kapsama girmemektedir. Buradaki ayrıma bakacak olursak Temel eğitimini yani ilköğretimi tamamlamış 15 yaşını doldurmamış işçilere çocuk işçi, 15 yaşını doldurmuş ve 18 yaşını tamamlamamış işçilere ise genç işçi dendiğini görmekteyiz. Türkiye'deki çocuk işçiliğinin en berbat biçimlerinden birİ sokaklarda çalıştırılan çocukların yaşlarının beşe kadar düşmesi oldukça yürek burkucu. Gerek sokaklarda gerekse kamu taşıtlarında pek çok kez karşımıza çıkan bu içler acıtan manzara çoğumuzu hüzünlendirse de görüntü silikleşip ortadan kalkınca hayatımızın olağan akışına ve rutinine odaklanmamız çok da sürmüyor. Dilendirilen ya da bu eyleme alet edilen çocukların yaşlarının bebekliğe kadar indiğini hiç saymıyorum bile.-Çiğdem Yorgancioglu Hukuk ve Ekonomi Gazetesi

El presente ensayo fue preparado por Félix Maradiaga y Marvin García en junio de 2008, como parte del equipo del Instituto de Estudios Estratégicos y Políticas Públicas (IEEPP) con el apoyo técnico de UNICEF y del Instituto Nicaragüense de Información de Desarrollo (INIDE), en el marco del proyecto internacional “Estudio sobre la Pobreza y las Disparidades de la Niñez” en el que participaron cuarenta países.

Este ensayo fue publicado parcialmente y de forma editada, en el primer capítulo del libro “Nicaragua: Bienestar y Equidad en la Infancia. Estudio sobre Pobreza Infantil y Disparidades”, documento que a su vez se constituyó en la base metodológica para los programas de reducción de pobreza infantil para el Gobierno de Nicaragua para el periodo 2008 – 2016.

El ensayo tiene el propósito de analizar los temas en que la pobreza impacta de forma específica a la infancia en Nicaragua. Analiza la pobreza infantil respecto a siete áreas de apoyo que afectan primordialmente el desarrollo integral de la niñez a saber: Salud, Educación, Nutrición, Sanidad, Agua, Información y Vivienda; y define como la Pobreza infantil, como la privación en alguna de estas áreas y Pobreza Infantil Absoluta si se es privado de más de una de estas siete.

A pesar de que este estudio fue escrito en el año 2008 y que mucha de la base estadística utilizada en esos años ha cambiado, los fundamentos metodológicos y analíticos se mantienen vigentes, en el sentido en que los niveles de pobreza y disparidad de la niñez en Nicaragua, siguen siendo altos.

El estudio completo y publicado como un documento oficial conjunto de UNICEF y del Gobierno de Nicaragua (con el apoyo técnico de IEEPP y de INIDE) puede ser accedido en el siguiente enlace:
https://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Nicaragua_Spanish.pdf

This research report investigates the extent to which Child Rights Education (CRE) is being implemented in countries where UNICEF conducts its fundraising activities. The headline findings indicate that, whilst there has been some progress in relation to what is taught, with over half of the countries including children’s rights in the curriculum for all or some children, there has been less progress in relation to ensuring teachers are prepared to teach CRE, and a similarly low level of monitoring of the quality of provision. A general survey across 26 countries was followed up with focused case studies of aspects of practice in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany (Hessen), Hong Kong, Israel, and Scotland, and the good practice observed in these case studies was used to inform the construction of a set of benchmarking statements, to help educators measure their progress against the best that is being achieved.

UNICEF adalah sebuah organisasi international di bawah naungan PBB (Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa) yang bergerak dalam kesehatan, air, lingkungan, perlindungan serta pendidikan dan HIV/AID. UNICEF terbentuk Pasca Perang Dunia II, di mana PBB mulai mepromosikan perdamaian dunia. Kekhawatiran PBB dan masayrakat dunia international terhadap anak-anak yang ada di Eropa, sehingga pada tahun 1946, para delegasi untuk PBB menyiapakan dana sementara yang disebut United International Children’s Fund, dengan tujuan untuk membantu anak-anak yang ada di dunia, bukan hanya untuk anak-anak yang berada dalam Perang Dunia II. UNICEF mempunyai mandat untuk melindungi jiwa anak-anak dan meningkatkan pengembangannya (Okadewi dan Khariyah 2018).