multi criteria decision making (MCDM)

با توجه به ورود نامهاي تجاري گوناگون به بازار، رقابت شديدي ميان توليدكنندگان براي تاثيرگذاري در تصميم نهايي مصرف كننده هنگام خريد لوازم خانگي در ايران وجود دارد. شناسايي عوامل تاثيرگذار بر تصميم خريد مصرف كننده، به توليدكنندگان كمك ميكند تا بتوانند محصولات خود را براساس سليقه بازار هدف طراحي كرده و استراتژي هاي مناسب كه منجر به افزايش فروش و سهم بازار بيشتر ميشود را اتخاذ نمايند. در حال حاضر شركتهاي موجود در بازار لوازم خانگي ايران با اتكا بر نتايج حاصل شده از ساير كشورها، استراتژيهاي گوناگون را تجربه كرده كه با توجه به تفاوت ايران با ساير كشورها در ابعاد فرهنگي، اجتماعي، مذهبي و ...، اين استراتژي ها گاهاً منجر به پايين آمدن ميزان فروش و از دست دادن سهم بازار ميگردند و براي جبران آن هزينه و زمان زيادي صرف مي گردد. در اين تحقيق، با در نظر گرفتن مدل رفتار خريد مصرف كننده كاتلر به بررسي ميزان تاثير هر يك از 4 گروه اصلي آميخته بازاريابي (كه عبارتند از: محصول، قيمت گذاري، توزيع و ترويج) بر تصميم خريد مصرف كننده ايراني هنگام خريد لوازم خانگي كه در اين تحقيق محصول جاروبرقي مورد مطالعه ميباشد پرداخته و سپس اين گروه از عوامل و همچنين عوامل تاثيرگذار زيرمجموعه هر يك از اين گروه ها نيز رده بندي و نتايج حاصل از دو روش با OWA براساس ميزان اهميت آنها و با استفاده از روش آماري ناپارامتريك و همچنين روش رياضي يكديگر مقايسه ميگردند.

This paper considers a comparative analysis of multiple criteria decision making analysis methods for strategic, tactical, and operational decisions in military fighter aircraft selection for the air force fleet planning. The evaluation criteria governing the decision analysis process are determined from the literature for the three existing military combat aircraft. Military fighter aircraft selection problem is structured using "preference analysis for reference ideal solution (PARIS)" approach in multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDMA). Systematic comparisons were made with existing MCDMA methods (PARIS,  and TOPSIS) to verify the stability and accuracy of the results obtained. The proposed integrated MCDMA systematic approach is expected to address the issues encountered in the aircraft selection process. The comparative analysis results show that the proposed method is an effective and accurate tool that can help analysts make better strategic, tactical, and operational decisions.

In order to solve a number of real decision-making problems, over time, a number of multiple criteria decision-making methods have been proposed. The EDAS method is one of the newly proposed methods; its computational procedure can be identified as innovative and also based on verified approaches. An extension of the EDAS method adapted for the use of grey numbers is considered in this paper.

The monograph constitutes a crowning of research led in the field of particular methodology of management science, in the field of enhancing managerial decision-making sub-discipline in frames of the practical stream of the management science discipline. The monograph is a development of the research project in which the elaboration of a scientific method for the enhancement of managerial decision-making processes through the Modular Multicriteria Managerial Decision-Making Model (MMUMADEMM) has been proposed.

The Selection of effective contractor is most important prerequisite for the successful completion of project. The construction projects often get delay and show time and cost overruns as consequences. Most of time this happen because of wrong selection of contractor due to flaws in tender selection process. Multi Criteria Decision making (MCDM) techniques , helps to choose the best alternatives where many criteria have come into existence, the best one can be obtained by analyzing the different scope for the criteria, weights for the criteria and choose the optimum one using any multi criteria decision making techniques. This project will focus on effectively applying MCDM techniques to contractor selection process, in order to choose best contractor. In this project, Topsis method is effectively apply by considering all criteria related to contractor and most effective contractor is selected.

Healthcare in any state or country is of prime concern. It becomes extremely crucial when the population base is huge. In India, healthcare is a very critical issue since almost seventy percent of the huge population base lives in rural areas where education and awareness, per capita income and supply side factors of healthcare management like available professionals in medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy is still behind the global standards; in fact it is scarce in many parts of the country. To address and minimize the gap between the demand & supply side factors affecting quality healthcare facilities, both central & state governments have adopted several measures. Private players in healthcare industry have not reached to the remote areas and public healthcare services still remain the mainstream healthcare providers. The researchers in the present work have made an attempt to find out the progress made by Indian states with respect to public sector healthcare management statu...

The complex nature of construction projects and the involvement of a large number of unpredictable correlated factors make them susceptible to disputes. Although a wide range of dispute resolution mechanisms exists, experts in the construction industry favor arbitration over litigation when legally binding dispute resolution mechanisms are concerned. Because initiating a litigation or arbitration case against a business partner often severs the business relationship between them, predicting the arbitrator’s decision becomes valuable to the arbitrating parties. Because arbitration has been extensively treated as a game, and because the proposed approach relies on the wealth maximization concept, which is in turn dependent on the sum of utility sources of a firm, modeling arbitration is best achieved as a game with disputing parties’ utility profiles that would have an agreement zone. A construction-specific utility framework for the disputing parties arbitrating before a single arbitrator is proposed based on the additive expected utility theory. The proposed additive utility framework preserves the industry practicality and, most importantly, considers direct short-term factors and indirect long-term factors that would address factual disputes related to claim entitlement and quantification. It is expected that such a framework could then be used to identify utility equilibrium points between the disputing parties, which would serve the purpose of predicting the arbitration outcome.

Integration of reverse logistics processes into supply chain network design can help to achieve a network that incorporates environmental factors as well as economic factors. In this study, a new integrated approach is proposed to address designing a multi-product, multi-period supply chain network with reverse logistics. The framework of the proposed approach includes green supplier evaluation and a mathematical model in an uncertain environment. To the best of our knowledge, integration of green supplier evaluation into the designing supply chain network with reverse logistics has not been considered in the literature. This integration can help to incorporate experts’ opinions about environmental impact of suppliers in the network design. Minimization of total cost and maximization of total greenness score of purchased raw materials/components are two objectives of the model. The fuzzy EDAS method is used to determine the greenness scores of suppliers. Also, demand of customers and capacity of suppliers are defined using fuzzy numbers and a fuzzy method is used to obtain trade-off solutions. The proposed approach is applied to designing the supply chain network of a home appliance company. The results show that the proposed approach is feasible and efficient to obtain solutions to design the supply chain network.

Policy-makers are often hesitant to invest in unproven solutions because of a lack of the decision-making framework for managing innovations as a portfolio of investments that balances risk and return, especially in the field of developing new technologies. This study provides a new portfolio matrix for decision making of policy-makers to identify IoT applications in the agriculture sector for future investment based on two dimensions of sustainable development as a return and IoT challenge as a risk using a novel MADM approach. To this end, the identified applications of IoT in the agriculture sector fall into eight areas using the meta-synthesis method. The authors extracted a set of criteria from the literature. Later, the fuzzy Delphi method helped finalise it. The authors extended the SWARA method with interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers (IVTFN SWARA) and used it to the weighting of the characteristics. Then, the alternatives were rated using the Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method based on interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers (IVTFN ARAS). Finally, decision-makers evaluated the results of ratings based on two dimensions of sustainability and IoT challenge by developing a framework for decision-making. Results of this paper show that policy-makers can manage IOT innovations in a disciplined way that balances risk and return by a portfolio approach, simultaneously the proposed framework can be used to determine and prioritise the areas of IoT application in the agriculture sector.

Abstract: The size of the scattering image and its distance from the target determine the degree of accuracy and precision of the automatic rifle. The rifles were and still are the primary weapon of the infantry, and according to their dimensions and manner of handling, they belong to the category of individual weapons. They are very successfully used for shooting at distances up to 400 m, excellent shooters can successfully shoot at distances up to 600 m. The automatic rifle is intended to destroy the enemy's live force and the enemy's firepower. The paper presents the tactical-technical and combat characteristics of automatic domestic guns, AP M70 AB2 7,62 mm, PA M21 5.56 mm, PAM M17 6.5 mm. A comparative analysis of the construction characteristics of the previously mentioned automatic rifles and their ammunition was completed by using the Expert choice application and the AHP method. On the basis of the obtained results, the conclusion about the most effective automatic rifle was made, with the aim of introducing into operational use and equipping units of the Serbian Army. Based on the results and research, it came to the conclusion that the 6.5 mm automatic modular rifle M17 is equipped with best design characteristics.

Selection of qualified personnel is a key success factor for an organization. The complexity and importance of the problem call for analytical methods rather than intuitive decisions. In literature, there are various methods regarding personnel selection. This paper considers a real application of personnel selection with using the opinion of expert by one of the decision making model, it is called SAW method. This paper has applied seven criteria that they are qualitative and positive for selecting the best one amongst five personnel and also ranking them. Finally the introduced method is used in a case study. Personnel selection directly and significantly affects the quality of employees, and hence, it has always been an important topic for organizations, including public agencies and private enterprises. Various approaches have been developed to help organizations make best personnel selection decisions to place the right people in the right jobs. Many studies have reported a pos...

The redundancy allocation problem (RAP) has been studied for many different system structures, objective functions, and distribution assumptions. In this paper, we present a problem formulation and a solution methodology to maximize the system steady-state availability and minimize the system cost for the repairable series-parallel system designs. In the proposed approach, the components’ time-to-failure (TTF) and time-to-repair (TTR) can follow any distribution such as the Gamma, Normal, Weibull, etc. We estimate an approximation of the steady-state availability of each subsystem in the series-parallel system with an individual meta-model. Design of experiment (DOE), simulation and the stepwise regression are used to build these meta-models. Face centred design, which is a type of central composite design is used to design experiments. According to a max–min approach, obtained meta-models are utilized for modelling the problem alongside the cost function of the system. We use the augmented ε-constraint method to reformulate the problem and solve the model. An illustrative example which uses the Gamma distribution for TTF and TTR is explained to represent the performance of the proposed approach. The results of the example show that the proposed approach has a good performance to obtain Pareto (near-Pareto) optimal solutions (system configurations).

"Abstract. In addressing various policy problems, deciding which policy measure to start with given the range of measures available is challenging and essentially involves a process of ranking the alternatives, commonly done using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques. In this paper a new methodology for analysis and ranking of policy measures is introduced which combines network analysis and MCDA tools. This methodology not only considers the internal properties of the measures but also their interactions with other potential measures. Consideration of such interactions provides additional insights into the process of policy formulation and can help domain experts and policy makers to better assess the policy measures and to understand the complexities involved. This new methodology is applied in this paper to the formulation of a policy to increase walking and cycling.

Keywords: policy formulation, network analysis, multiple-criteria decision analysis, transport policy, walking and cycling"

The determination of materials is perhaps the most troublesome stages for the plan and advancement of any underlying part in this work. the MOORA strategy which is a half breed MCDM approach used to choose the materials for great wear obstruction and primary applications perspective. the choice cycles is conveyed by considering the actual mechanical and wear properties of the composite materials, for example, thickness hardness rigidity flexural strength sway strength and explicit wear rate in the main stage. the MOORA technique is utilized through a) the proportion framework b) multiplicative and c) the reference direct methodology toward give the positioning of materials at long last the rankings got by the strategies are looked at and it is likewise seen that these strategies are easy to see simple to actualize for relegating rankings to the material other options .

The main objective of this paper is the selection of the best public transportation mode in an urban corridor using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods and Geographic Information System (GIS). For this purpose, a sample corridor in Tehran, the capital of Iran, is selected as the case study. This corridor is located between Azadi and Pounak Squares in Tehran with considerable daily trips. Due to high travel demand and traffic congestion in the corridor, development of the public transportation system is of prime importance. To choose the most appropriate public transportation mode in the corridor, four alternatives including bus, taxi, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), and underground railway together with twenty indicators were considered. The indicators were classified to seven criteria including the cost, time, flexibility, reliability, safety, pollution, and mode properties. Afterwards, the relations and feedbacks between the criteria were determined and a network structure in ANP model was constructed. The decision making and evaluation processes were implemented in GIS environment. Finally, weights of the indicators were obtained from the ANP method and the TOPSIS technique is used to evaluate and rank the alternatives. Results showed that BRT, underground railway, bus, and taxi have the highest scores in the urban corridor, respectively.

Career selection for many especially for students is a crucial process. Previous studies show that job seeker chose career either based on income, academic qualification or the benefit that may gain. This study was conducted among final year BAET students taking project management course at Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology (UniKL MIAT) to identify MCDM used by students in selecting a career. Students are distributed into small groups (between four to five members). Contrary to other earlier studies-whereby a list of criteria and scale range used for criteria are given, this study allowed students to figure out the list of criteria and scale range to be used for comparison based on their discussion within their own group. Students were also allowed to set their own range of scale for comparing the criteria and alternatives. The criteria were then analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to identify the chosen career by students. The h...

Today, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is an integral part of Operations Research and gained a prominent position within the field as a result of significant theoretical and practical developments during the past four decades. In recent years, Multi-Criteria Sorting Problems (MCSP) has become an interesting topic for researchers who are working in MCDM. It consists of developing different decision models in order to assign alternatives to predefined groups. Amongst the suggested approaches for such classification, ELECTRE-TRI is considered to be one of the most important ones. The aim of this study is to implement ELECTRE-TRI in stock portfolio selection as one of the most popular and important decision making subjects. In this research, eight attributes have been taken into account in the process of choosing the stocks. These attributes are return, beta, net profit margin, ROA, ROE, EPS, P/E and P/BV. The study indicates that among the various approaches of ELECTRE-TRI, pessimistic assignment without considering veto threshold provides the best result. This study also indicates the importance of P/E in stock portfolio selection.

A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organization, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service , newswire, or news service. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the security policies and analyze the content of five press agencies in gulf countries which are (Kuwait News Agency (KUNA), Emirates News Agency (WAM), Saudi Press Agency (SPA), Bahrain News Agency (BNA), and Oman News Agency (OMA)) by using a fuzzy VIKOR approach where linguistic variables are applied to solve the uncertainties and subjectivities in expert decision making. Fuzzy VIKOR approach is one of the best Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques working in fuzzy environment. This study benefits security and content analysis experts know which press agency has the mandate and the competence to educate the public on news agencies. Besides , this paper contributes to Gulf agencies in helping them in their resolve to ensure the quality of content information and information security policies over the internet.

Development of new technological innovations in networks, platforms, and financial institutions has empowered m-banking service providers to target their business strategies plan with confidence. Nevertheless, lots of service innovations have failed to generate revenue due to lagging adoption issues. Even though, several prior researches have focused on the factors that influence the acceptance of m-banking, there is limited empirical study which simultaneously take the success factors (perceived benefit) and resistance factors (perceived sacrifice) that contribute to the customers adoption of m-banking. Furthermore, most previous researches investigate on the overall aspects related to the adoption of mobile banking, have used multiple regression methods (structural equation modeling or technology acceptance technique) or some MCDM tools. However, these studies still have some shortcoming due to lack of delivering the enough information about these factors and their prioritizing facets. Nowadays, only those organizations which major goal is to achieve customer's expectations with maximum quality can be successful in the market environment. This research reviewed the literature, took the advice from the experts in the field of m-banking service, and constructed the structural hierarchical table of the factors that affecting perceived value on consumers' adoption of mobile banking. Via a pairwise comparisons scale, a questionnaire designated was distributed to some university students in Lomé-Togo and later used AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to weigh each criteria, sub-criteria and alternative in order to rank them according to their preference. The finding revealed that financial risk is the utmost factor impacting the m-banking adoption, follow by money saved element. Both factors explain how consumers are more concerned with the financial or monetary issues and far ahead Security & Privacy risk come to confirm that, Togolese Banking industry should guarantee the safety and personal detail issues when customers are dealing with this m-banking technology. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing new insights to how AHP can be applied to assess consumer's preference in m-banking in a developing country. Moreover, knowledge acquire from the influential factors will enable firms to better exploit their scarce resources, by formulating management strategies based on the priorities of these factors, and consequently, satisfy consumer needs and wants at lower cost while greater efficiency should be promoted.

Career selection for many especially for students is a crucial process. Previous studies show that job seeker chose career either based on income, academic qualification or the benefit that may gain. This study was conducted among final year BAET students taking project management course at Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology (UniKL MIAT) to identify MCDM used by students in selecting a career. Students are distributed into small groups (between four to five members). Contrary to other earlier studies-whereby a list of criteria and scale range used for criteria are given, this study allowed students to figure out the list of criteria and scale range to be used for comparison based on their discussion within their own group. Students were also allowed to set their own range of scale for comparing the criteria and alternatives. The criteria were then analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to identify the chosen career by students. The highest score among each group was then taken to check on its consistencies to ensure the alignment of the scoring with the objective of AHP method which is to provide objective and minimize subjective decision criteria. Apart from understanding the MCDM used by students in selecting a career, AHP method exercise in the class as part of the tutorial for project management course has helped students to understand the decision-making process using AHP.

This paper considers a comparative analysis of multiple criteria decision making analysis methods for strategic, tactical, and operational decisions in military fighter aircraft selection for the air force fleet planning. The evaluation criteria governing the decision analysis process are determined from the literature for the three existing military combat aircraft. Military fighter aircraft selection problem is structured using "preference analysis for reference ideal solution (PARIS)" approach in multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDMA). Systematic comparisons were made with existing MCDMA methods (PARIS, and TOPSIS) to verify the stability and accuracy of the results obtained. The proposed integrated MCDMA systematic approach is expected to address the issues encountered in the aircraft selection process. The comparative analysis results show that the proposed method is an effective and accurate tool that can help analysts make better strategic, tactical, and operational decisions.

Selecting an appropriate six sigma project is one of the most important problems for a manufacturing company because it impacts the manufacturing costs. Besides, an appropriate choice of Six Sigma projects is very important as it helps to improve quality, reduce variation, and eliminate waste of a manufacturing system. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide a good insight into the use of an integrated decision-making methodology in the evaluation of Six Sigma projects. For this purpose, we integrate three multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods by applying a modified Delphi method, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) methodologies. After the evaluation criteria of Six Sigma projects are determined by a Modified Delphi method, the weights of criteria are calculated by applying the AHP method. The FTOPSIS method is then employed to achieve the final ranking results. A real case app...

This study developed specific criteria and a fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) to
assess and select portfolios on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Although the
portfolio selection problem has been widely investigated, most studies have focused
on income and risk as the main decision-making criteria. However, there are many
other important criteria that have been neglected. To fill this gap, first, a literature
review was conducted to determine the main criteria for portfolio selection, and a
Likert-type questionnaire was then used to finalize a list of criteria. Second, the
finalized criteria were applied in an FANP to rank 10 different TSE portfolios. The
results indicated that profitability, growth, market, and risk are the most important
criteria for portfolio selection. Additionally, portfolios 6, 7, 2, 4, 8, 1, 5, 3, 9, and 10 (A6,
A7, A2, A4, A8, A1, A5, A3, A9, and A10) were found to be the best choices.
Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

This paper proposes a novel neural-MCDM-based routing protocol, called NMRouting, to transmit data packets in mobile ad hoc network (MANET). Data packets are transmitted through neighbouring nodes that have high success rates from among a list of available neighbours. A perceptron-based neural controller specifies a success rate for every neighbour based on remaining energy, occupied buffer, and mobility speed. A MCDM controller determines the number of paths based on packet priority rate, distance, and average mobility speed. An energy management model is suggested to conduct energy consumption of the nodes efficiently as well as three queue types - critical, reliability, and ordinary - are considered to guarantee network reliability. Besides, the paper presents UML diagrams to develop NMRouting in real applications. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has a high performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, and network traffic, compared to DSR, AODV, DPG and QMRPRNS.

In today's interconnected world, the risk of malwares is a major concern for users. Antivirus software is a device to prevent, discover, and eliminatemalwares such as, computer worm, trojan horses,computer viruses,spyware and adware. In the competitive IT environment, due to availability of many antivirus software and their diverse features evaluating them is an arguable and complicated issue for users which has a significant impact on the efficiency of computers defense systems. The anti-virus selection problem can be formulated as a multiple criteria decision making problem. This paper proposes an antivirus evaluation model for computer users based on group fuzzy TOPSIS. We study a real world case of antivirus software and define criteria for antivirus selection problem. Seven alternatives were selected from among the most popular antiviruses in the market and seven criteria were determined by the experts. The study is followed by the sensitivity analyses of the results which also gives valuable insights into the needs and solutions for different users in different conditions.