Abstract
A series of Li + , Na + , or K + , Tm 3+ , and Yb 3+ co-doped Bi 2 WO 6 upconversion phosphors were prepared by a high-temperature solid-phase method at 800°C for 3 h. X-ray diffraction showed that Li + , Na + , K + , Tm 3+ , and Yb 3+ doping did not affect the orthorhombic structure of the Bi 2 WO 6 matrix. Scanning electron microscopy images of the Bi 2 WO 6 :1% Tm 3+ , 6% Yb 3+ and 1% Li + , 1% Na + , or 1% K + -doped Bi 2 WO 6 :1% Tm 3+ , 6% Yb 3+ samples reveal irregular particles with a 0.5–5 µm particle size range; upon Na + or K + doping, the particle size increases and the particle surface becomes smooth. EDS analysis shows that the above ions are well incorporated into the powder particles. At 298 K, the relative temperature sensitivities are 0.00144, 0.0016, 0.0024, and 0.0018 K −1 for the 1% Tm 3+ , 6% Yb 3+ :Bi 2 WO 6 samples without alkali metal ions and doped with 1% Li + , 1% Na + , or 1% K + based on the thermally coupled energy level 3 F 3 / 3 F 2 characterization temperature. However, under the same conditions, when using the nonthermally coupled level 3 F 3 / 1 G 4 characterization temperature, the relative temperature sensitivities of these four samples are 0.0378, 0.0166, 0.046, and 0.0257 K −1 , increasing by 26.3, 10.3, 19.1, and 13.9 times, respectively. The relative temperature sensitivities of the 1% Na + , 1% Tm 3+ , and 6% Yb 3+ :Bi 2 WO 6 samples are the highest at 298 K.