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    Lec # 03 Setting Out Simple Curve

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    ata subhani
    This document provides instructions for setting out a simple curve using various methods. It begins by explaining that curves are established by placing pegs at intervals of 10-30 meters along the curve's centerline. It then describes two classes of methods: 1) linear or chain and tape methods that use only basic surveying tools and 2) instrumental methods that use surveying instruments. Several specific linear methods are outlined, including offset from long chord, successive bisection of arcs, and offset from tangents. Examples are provided for setting out curves using offsets from long chords and tangents. References for further reading and practice problems are also included.

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    Lec # 03 Setting Out Simple Curve

    Uploaded by

    ata subhani
    195 views25 pages
    This document provides instructions for setting out a simple curve using various methods. It begins by explaining that curves are established by placing pegs at intervals of 10-30 meters along the curve's centerline. It then describes two classes of methods: 1) linear or chain and tape methods that use only basic surveying tools and 2) instrumental methods that use surveying instruments. Several specific linear methods are outlined, including offset from long chord, successive bisection of arcs, and offset from tangents. Examples are provided for setting out curves using offsets from long chords and tangents. References for further reading and practice problems are also included.

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    This document provides instructions for setting out a simple curve using various methods. It begins by explaining that curves are established by placing pegs at intervals of 10-30 meters along the curve's centerline. It then describes two classes of methods: 1) linear or chain and tape methods that use only basic surveying tools and 2) instrumental methods that use surveying instruments. Several specific linear methods are outlined, including offset from long chord, successive bisection of arcs, and offset from tangents. Examples are provided for setting out curves using offsets from long chords and tangents. References for further reading and practice problems are also included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    195 views25 pages

    Lec # 03 Setting Out Simple Curve

    Uploaded by

    ata subhani
    This document provides instructions for setting out a simple curve using various methods. It begins by explaining that curves are established by placing pegs at intervals of 10-30 meters along the curve's centerline. It then describes two classes of methods: 1) linear or chain and tape methods that use only basic surveying tools and 2) instrumental methods that use surveying instruments. Several specific linear methods are outlined, including offset from long chord, successive bisection of arcs, and offset from tangents. Examples are provided for setting out curves using offsets from long chords and tangents. References for further reading and practice problems are also included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 25

    MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR

    DEPARMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERIG


    Advanced Engineering Survey
    CIV-2334

    Lecture 03 : Setting out Simple Curve

    Engr. Khalid Mehmood


    (Lecturer)

    Date: Dec. 4, 2021


    Setting Out Curves

    This is the process of establishing the center line of the curve on the
    ground by means of pegs at 10 m – 30 m intervals. In order to do this the
    tangents and intersection points must first be fixed in the ground in their
    correct position

    Advanced Engineering Survey 3


    Method of Curve Ranging
    The methods for setting out curves may be divided into 2 classes according to the
    instrument employed .
    1) Linear or Chain & Tape Method
    2) Angular or InstrumentalMethod

    Before starting setting out a curve by any method, the exact positions of
    the tangents points between which the curve lies ,must be determined.

    Advanced Engineering Survey 4


    Method of Curve Ranging
    Peg Interval:
    For difference in arc and chord to be negligible
    Length of Chord <= R/20
    R = Radius of curve
    Length of unit chord =30 m for flate curve ( 100 ft)
    20 m for sharp curve (50ft)
    10 m for very sharp curves (25 ft or less)

    Advanced Engineering Survey 5


    Method of Curve Ranging
    Location of Tangent points:
    To locate T1 and T2
    1) Fixed direction of tangents, produce them so as to meet at point B.
    2) Set up theodolite/Total station at point B and measure
    T1BT2 (I).
    Then compute deflection angle∅ =180o –I
    3) Calculatetangents lengths by

    4) Locate T1 and T2 points by measuring the tangent lengths backward and forward
    along tangent linesAB and BC.
    Advanced Engineering Survey 6
    Method of Curve Ranging
    Procedure:
    • After locating the positions of the tangent points T1and T2 ,their chainages may be
    determined.
    • The chainage of T1 is obtained by subtracting the tangent length from the known
    chainage of the intersection point B. And the chainage of T2 is found by adding
    the length of curve to the chainage of T1.
    • Then the pegs are fixed at equal intervals on the curve.
    • The interval between pegs isusually 20m or one chain length.
    • The distances along the centre line of the curve are continuously measured from the
    point of beginning of the line up to the end .i.e the pegs along the centre line of the
    work should be at equal interval from the beginning of the line up to the end.

    Advanced Engineering Survey 7


    Method of Curve Ranging
    Procedure:
    • There should be no break in the regularity of their spacing in passing from a tangent
    to a curve or from a curve to the tangent.
    • For this reason ,the first peg on the curve is fixed at such a distance from the first
    tangent point (T1) that its chainage becomes the whole number of chains i.e the
    whole number of peg interval.
    • The length of the first sub chord is thus less than the peg interval and it is called a sub-
    chord.
    • Similarly there will be a sub-chord at the end of the curve.
    • Thusa curve usually consists of two sub-chords and a no. of fullchords.

    Advanced Engineering Survey 8


    Method of Curve Ranging
    Procedure:
    This distance should actually be measured along the arc ,but in practice it is
    measured along the chord ,as the difference between the chord and the
    corresponding arc is small and hence negligible. In order that this difference is
    always small and negligible ,the length of the chord should not be more than
    1/20th of the radius of the curve. The curve is then obtained by joining all these
    pegs

    Advanced Engineering Survey 9


    Method of Curve Ranging
    1) Linear or Chain & Tape Method
    • These methods use the chain surveying tools only.
    • These methods are used for the short curves which doesn’t require high degree of
    accuracy.
    • These methods are used for the clear situations on the road intersections.

    a) By offset or ordinate from Long chord


    b) By successive bisections ofArcs
    c) By offset from theTangents
    d) By offset from the Chords produced
    Advanced Engineering Survey 10
    Method of Curve Ranging
    1) Linear or Chain & Tape Method
    a) By offset or Ordinate from long chord

    Advanced Engineering Survey 11


    Method of Curve Ranging
    By offset from Long Chord Method

    Advanced Engineering Survey 12


    Method of Curve Ranging

    a) By offset or Ordinate from long chord


    Working Method:
    To set out thecurve
    • Divided the long chord into even
    number of equal parts.
    • Set out offsets as calculated from the equation at
    each of the points of division. Thus obtaining the
    required points on thecurve.
    • Since the curve ssymmetrical along ED, the offset for
    the right half of the curve will be same as those for the
    left half.
    Advanced Engineering Survey 13
    Method of Curve Ranging
    2) By Offsets from the Tangents
    In this method the offsets are setout either radially or perpendicular to the tangents BA and
    BC according to as the center O of the curve is accessible orinaccessible.
    a) By Radial Offsets: (O is Accessible)
    Working Method:
    • Measure a distance x from T1 on back tangent or from
    T2 on the forward tangent.
    • Measure a distance Ox along radial line A1O.
    • The resulting point E1 lies on the curve.

    Advanced Engineering Survey 14


    Method of Curve Ranging

    Advanced Engineering Survey 15


    Method of Curve Ranging
    2) By Offsets from the Tangents
    In this method the offsets are setout either radially or perpendicular to the
    tangents BA ad BC according to as the center O of the curve is
    accessible orinaccessible.
    b) By Offsets Perpendicular to Tangents
    (O is Inaccessible)
    Working Method:
    • Measure a distance x from T1 on back
    tangent or from T2 on the forward tangent.
    • Erect a perpendicular of length Ox.
    • The resulting point E1 lies on the curve.
    Advanced Engineering Survey 16
    Method of Curve Ranging

    Advanced Engineering Survey 17


    Example # 01

    Two straight roads meet at an angle of 120°. Calculate the necessary

    data for setting out a circular curve of 6 chains radius between the

    roads by the offsets from long chord method. The length of one chain

    is 100 ft.

    Advanced Engineering Survey 18


    Example # 01 Solution

    Advanced Engineering Survey 19


    Example # 01 Solution

    Advanced Engineering Survey 20


    Example # 02
    Calculate the offsets at 20m intervals along the tangents to locate a
    curve having a radius of 154m ,the deflection angle being 660 .
    Given:
    Radius of the curve ,R = 154m
    Deflection angle, φ = 660
    Solution: We know that

    Therefore tangent length = R. tan φ/2


    = 154 x tan 330
    = 100.00 m
    Advanced Engineering Survey 21
    Example # 01 and 02

    O20 = 1542+202 - 154 = 155.29 - 154 = 1.29 m

    O40 = 1542+402 - 154 = 159.11 - 154 = 5.11 m

    O60 = 1542+602 - 154 = 165.28 - 154 = 11.28 m

    O80 = 1542+802 - 154 = 173.54 - 154 = 19.54 m

    O100 = 1542+1002- 154 = 183.62 - 154 = 29.61 m

    Check: O100 = External ordinates

    Advanced Engineering Survey 22


    Example # 03
    Two straights AB and BC meet in an inaccessible point B and were joined by a circular
    curve of 400ft radius. Two points C and D were selected on AB and BC, Outside of the
    curve respectively, and following data were obtained. Bearing of line AB is 52o 30' and
    Coordinates of PI are (200.00 N, 350.0E)
    Angle AMN= 130o 00’, Angle BMN= 124o 00’ MN = 100 ft
    Compute
    • All elements of simple curve.
    • Set out curve by offset from long chord method
    • Set out curve by Radial offset from long chord method
    • Coordinates of PC and Pt
    Advanced Engineering Survey 23
    REFRENCES/SELF READING

    Pls. go through the following books for self reading and


    Numerical problems Practise.

    1. Chapter 05 from book 1


    2. Chapter 07 from book 2

    Advanced Engineering Survey 24


    THANKS

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