Effectiveness of Modular Implementation in Philippine College of Criminology

Philippine College of Criminology
641 Sales St., Sta. Cruz, Manila
Effectiveness of Modular Implementation

in
Aquino, Jona Rose T.
Aldevera, John Michael
Castillo, Arrabelle H.
Dela Cruz, Christian Dior
Feliciano, Kimberly
Feliciano, Marvin
Grafil, Arielle S.
Mayco, Angelina P.
Monilar, Miko
Opeña, Alejandro
Osama, Isamael
Racelis, Marc Lester
Salde, Rachelle Anne
Villalino, Mary Rose
2021
Chapter I
Introduction
This chapter contains the introduction, problem, scope and limitation and the
other details that illustrate the subject of the study.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Schools reopen in the middle of a still untamed coronavirus outbreak in the

country that has so far claimed over 8,730 lives and left 4.6 million Filipinos jobless.
Despite calls to postpone classes until 2021, the Department of Education (DepEd)
maintains that education of millions of Filipino students should not wait. To make sure
that learning remains unhampered, DepEd will be implementing a distance learning
approach – a learning delivery mode where interaction takes place between the teacher
and the students who are geographically remote from each other during instruction.
This means lessons will be delivered outside the traditional face-to-face setup. As
technology and internet connectivity remain a problem for most students, DepEd will be
providing printed module materials for them. Under DepEd's printed modular learning
system, students will be provided with self-learning materials (SLMs). Teachers will be
giving students SLMs per quarter. That will mean students will be receiving 4 sets of
SLMs for one whole academic year. (Magsambol, 2020)
Based on the partial results of the Learner Enrollment and Survey Forms
(LESFs) distributed during the enrollment period, it showed 42.7% enrollees prefer to
use modular distance learning, TV & Radio based instructions and other modalities
while only 17.84% enrollees prefer online for school year 2020-2021. A Filipino author
cited that "A module is a self-contained and independent unit of instruction with a
primary focus on a few well-defined objectives." (1980) A handout distributed during the
Workshop in the Application of Educational Technology – DECS-UNESCO referred to it
as a set of learning opportunities systematically organized around a well-defined topic
containing the elements of instruction that cover specific objectives, teaching-learning
activities and evaluation using criterion-referenced measures. (Morallo, 1980)
Modular instruction was first introduced by American educators. It is described by John

L. Hughes (2000) as an individualized instruction that provides bases for close
interaction between the learners and the subject matter. With the modules, the learners
are expected to respond frequently in the interaction with an instructional program at
their learning rate. It focuses on a distinctive, identifiable skills or set of skills or
outcomes other than skills; It is fairly short so as to make students use their study time
efficiently; It is essentially self-teaching, even though it may encourage group work; It
blends theory and practice, and combines doing with reading and reflecting; It provides
a list of further readings or sources related to the skill being promoted; It provides
suggestions to students for participating in the design of their own projects, explanatory
activities, and evaluation criteria; It is reality-oriented in the sense that it involves the
students in real situation if not possible, tried to use stimulation technique; and It
provides feedback for improvement and redesigning. (Nepomuceno, n.d)
It is understood and well researched that not all students tend to learn via same
technique of open learning and there is no particular technique that facilitate learning in
everyone. There are several factors that affect student’s capacity to study. Applied
learning, interaction, prior knowledge, analytical skills and motivations are some of the
factors. So, considering this varied consistency of students, distance learning needs to
triumph over all these issues and challenges. Though most of these challenges were
already addressed with the use of technology, but there are several cons and
disadvantages that both students and teachers encounter.
Educators are both role models and knowledge givers for students in the
conservative way of education. When the physical interaction between teachers and
students is missing, then students tend to lose personal interaction with their educators
and thereby the mental build-up of students may get hampered. Most of the students
prefer to learn when their educators are physically present in the classroom. So, for
such students distance learning would not be beneficial indeed.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study sought to answer the following questions:
1. Is the module effective for students?
2. How did the module become effective for the students?
3. What are the strategies contained in this module to make it effective?
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Input Process Output
-Effectiveness -How can the modular

implementation be
-Modular -Survey and effective in Philippine
Implementation Interview College of
Criminology?
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The focus of this research is the effectiveness of modular implementation in pccr.

The interview will be conducted on Philippine College of Criminology, the researcher will
administer the interview to 50 students.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research will benefit the following Stakeholders:
School
This will help the school to develop the effectiveness of modular implementation in
Philippine College of Criminology.
Teachers
This will help the teachers to integrate internet etiquette in their lesson to
mitigate effectiveness of modular implementation in Philippine College of Criminology.
Students
This will help them to raise awareness about the effectiveness of modular
implementation in Philippine College of Criminology.
Future Researchers
This study will serve as their basis and comparison to their study.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Implementation
an act or instance of implementing something: the process of making something

active or effective. (Merriam-Webster)
Modalities
the classification of logical propositions according to their asserting or denying

the possibility, impossibility, contingency, or necessity of their content. (Merriam-
Webster)
Modular Learning
relating to, or based on a module. (Merriam-Webster)
Hampered
to restrict the movement of by bonds or obstacles. (Merriam-Webster)
Untamed
not made less wild or less difficult to control: not tamed. (Merriam-Webster)
Partial
relating to a part rather than the whole: not general or total. (Merriam-Webster)
Effectiveness
producing a decided, decisive, or desired effect. (Merriam-Webster)

CHAPTER II
EFFECTIVENESS OF MODULAR IMPLEMENTATION IN PCCR
COMPILED BY: Arrabelle H. Castillo
AUTHOR YEAR CONTENT REFERENCE PREPARED

BY:
-Modular teaching is more Jhonson ,Andrea L.
effective in teaching learning (1997-1998) ,
process as compared to ordinary Teaching Creative
Jhonson, 2014 teaching methods. Because in this Problem Solving and Rachelle
Andrea L. modular approach the students Applied Anne Salde
learn at their own pace. It is free Reasoning Skills: A
self-learning style in which Modular Approach;
immediate reinforcement, 34 Cal. W. L. Rev.
feedback is provided to practice 389
exercise, which motivate the
students and create interest in
them.
- In the light of results drawn from

statistical analysis and findings of Sadiq S. (2014),
the research following conclusions Effectiveness of
can be drawn. Modular Approach in
1. Modular teaching is more Teaching at
Sadiq S. 2014 effective in teaching learning University Level. Mary Rose
process as compared to ordinary Journal of Education Villalino
teaching methods. Because in this and Practice. Vol. 5,
modular approach the students No. 17. Pp. 108
learn at their own pace.
2. It is free self learning style in
which immediate reinforcement,
feed back is provided to practice
exercise, which motivate the
students and create interest in
them.
3. Modular approach helps to
maximize the chances of student
participation in classroom in
respect to fulfill the given tasks at
the spot. So the students feel free
to learn in their own style.
- Mythology and folklore have

long been important means for
promoting literacy in human
societies. This study aimed at
validating a mythology and
folklore module and evaluating its
effectiveness in teaching the
subject of mythology and folklore.
This was in response to inadequate
learning resources in teaching
literature and to address the call
for effective instructional
materials. The study used
comparative-experimental research
Cristobal M. 2019- design. The results revealed that Cristobal, A. (2019- John Michael
Ambayon 2020 the developed module consisted of 2020), Modular- Aldevera
excellent contents, relevance and Based Approach and
mechanics as evaluated by experts Students’
in the area. The module was also Achievement in
assessed by the students as highly Literature
acceptable, valid, reliable, and
usable. Third Year Bachelor of
Secondary Education (BSED)
major in English students for
School Year 2015-2016 were the
participants of this study. The
students were divided into control
and experimental groups. The
groupings were based on their
GPA during the previous semester.
While the experimental group
utilized the developed module, the
control group did not. The test
instruments were the different
exercises given every after the
topics which lasted for one hour
every session. Based on the
results, the performance of the
college students in literature in
experimental group had improved
from poor to excellent
achievement whereas the control
group had relatively improved
from poor to fair achievement.
Hence, it is recommended that the
module be used in similar contexts

particularly in learning mythology
and folklore.
- Modular courses have been

widely implemented as part of the
competency-based training
agenda. However, there is
emerging concern that modular
courses are not promoting Ian R. Cornford
effective learning although (1997) Ensuring
pragmatic considerations indicate effective learning
they will continue to be widely from modular
Cornford, 1997 used since there appear to be courses: a cognitive,
Ian R. numerous advantages associated Journal of Vocational Angelina
with their employment. A major Education and Mayco
inherent weakness of Training, 49:2, 237-
modularisation as a method of 251, DOI:
content organisation is it tends to 10.1080/1363682970
fragment knowledge. The 0200014
cognitive psychology and skill
learning literatures, largely
ignored in the development and
implementation of competency-
based training, indicate principles,
which if followed, will help to
ensure effective learning from
modular courses. Particularly
salient are the needs to ensure
adequate practice and the
integration of modules if effective
problem solving is a desired
objective. Stressed are the need for
the teaching of ‘learning-to-learn’
strategies before modular courses
are commenced and the
importance of assessment to
integrate knowledge gained from
modules. Bruner’s spiral
curriculum concept, it is argued, is
particularly useful in ensuring
adequate practice and effective
integration in modular course
design.
- Construction activities and the

built environment have an
enormous effect on the
environment, human health, and
the overall economy. Sustainable
Nahmens, homebuilding in all three Nahmens, Laura H. Marc Lester
Laura H. 2012 dimensions of economic, 2012, Journal of Racelis
environmental, and social effects architectural
is attainable through practical engineering 18 (2),
innovations and technologies. 155-163
However, the greatest barrier to
the widespread application of
sustainable homebuilding is the
higher initial costs largely
attributable to the learning curve
of workers building with these
practical innovations and
technologies, and the added cost
resulting from ill-defined
construction processes. To address
these challenges and reach the
ideal of sustainable construction,
this paper proposes the use of lean
construction as a viable and
effective strategy, in particular the
lean tool kaizen. This paper uses
several case studies to showcase
the effect of lean on the triple
bottom line of sustainability in
modular homebuilding. Each case
study highlights one dimension of
sustainability. Lean construction
resulted in a significant
environmental effect by reducing
material waste by 64%, a
significant social effect by
reducing or eliminating key safety
hazards of excessive force, poor
posture, and struck-by, and a
significant economic effect by
reducing production hours by
31%. Findings from this research
will contribute to a better
understanding of the effect of lean

on homebuilding sustainability and
will promote lean and safe
building techniques in modular Elok Norma
homebuilding. Khabibah,
Mohammad
Masykuri, Maridi.
EN (2017). The Christian
khabibah, 2017 -Generic skills are the skills which Effectiveness of Dior Dela
kanswar needed to face the future. In this Module Based on Cruz
study, the generic skills that Discovery Learning
discussed are the generic skills on to Increase Generic
the science field, called generic Science Skills.
science skills. The purpose of this Journal of Education
study is to determine the and Learning. Vol.11
effectiveness of module based on (2) pp. 146-153.
discovery learning to increase DOI:
generic science skills. This study 10.11591/edulearn.v
was conducted at one of the State 11i2.6076
Madrasah Aliyah in Surakarta
academic year 2016/2017. The
pre-test and post-test research
pattern with treatment and control
class groups were used throughout
the study. While the treatment
group taught by using module
based on discovery learning, the
control group was taught by a
module that commonly used in the
school. As the study concluded,
using module based on discovery
learning in the learning process is Kininger et. al., R. L.
effective to increase generic (2018). The Jona Rose T.
Rachel L. science skills. Feasibility and Aquino
Kininger et. 2018 Effectiveness of
al. school-based
-Modular therapies are systematic modular therapy.
approaches to mental health 339-351.
treatment based on therapeutic
elements common to multiple
evidence-based practices. Given
the flexibility and efficacy
demonstrated in outpatient
settings, modular therapies may be
a feasible and effective approach
to mental health treatment in

schools. In our review, no studies
specifically examined modular
therapy for disruptive behavior
disorders—a common referral
question for school mental health
practitioners. We believe
implementation studies are needed
to draw firm conclusions regarding
the feasibility and effectiveness of
modular school mental health, but Edgar Julius A. Lim,
Edgar Julius 2016 the research to date appears 2016, Effectiveness Arielle Grafil
A. Lim promising. of Modular
Instruction in Word
Problem Solving of
-The Philippine Education BEED Students.
Quarterly reported that modules DOI: 10.9790/5728-
can take the place of a teacher. 1205075965
These self-learning devices help
pupils to learn or acquire skills,
knowledge and information in the
absence of a teacher. These
materials provide sufficient
reinforcement, enrichment and
source materials. They allow also
the learner to work at a rate style
and level situated to his capacity.
Among the forms of
individualized instruction,
modules are effective and
economical in developing specific
knowledge and skills. Modules
induce learning with minimum
teacher direction and supervision.
Furthermore, these develop
learning and grading strategies,
improve classroom management
techniques, and encourage
achievement for greater use of
existing educational resources
through the establishment of
realistic obtainable learning goals
within an individualized program
of studies.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter subsumes the research design which is used by the researchers in
this study. This is also encompass the materials to be used and the methods, the
sampling technique, respondents and statistical treatment for the data to be gathered in
this study will also be discussed in this chapter.
Research Design
(Aliaga and Gunderson 2002) have described the quantitative research methods
very well. Relating to them "Quantitative research is an inquiry into a sociable problem,
describe phenomena by gathering numerical data that are analysed using
mathematically structured methods e. g. in particular statistics". The researchers aim to
know if the modular implementation is effective in PCCr students by the selected
demographic profile of the respondents.
Research Locale
This study will be conducted in the Philippine College of Criminology located at

641 Sales St. Sta. Cruz Manila. Philippine College of Criminology is an institution which
aims to contribute to the country’s security, peace and order through a holistic
criminology education and continuous development of students and professionals. In
addition, the school endeavours to inculcate integrity, devotion to duty, enlightened
leadership, sense of community and love of God and country, as a way of life for
students. The institution offers Senior High School Program such as Humanities and
Social Sciences (HUMSS).
Participants of the study
In this study the researchers will use convenience sampling or simply known as
availability sampling which is a type of non-probability sampling method which relies on
data collection from population members who are conveniently available to participate in
study.
The respondents for this study will be grade 12 students who are currently
enrolled in Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS). For Grade 12 HUMSS there will
be a total of fifty (50) respondents will be used in this study.
Data gathering Procedure

The researchers will create Google forms that contain the questionnaires in
order to utilize the online platforms such as Facebook and messenger. The Google form
is strictly distributed only to Grade 12 students of Philippine College of Criminology
under Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) strand. Fifty (50) students will be
chosen to answer the Google forms based on their availability or convenience.
Once all the respondents finish answering the Google forms the researcher will
collect and organize all the data and statistical treatments such as percentage, chi-
square and Pearson will be applied in order for the researchers to draw out conclusion
for this study.

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Philippine College of Criminology

641 Sales St., Sta. Cruz, Manila