ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

ASME BPV, B31.3 Code

DOCUMENT : RPD – UT – B31.3 - 04
REVISION NO. : 00

Prepared by Reviewed by Reviewed and Approved by

Name : Name : %DPEDQJ7HWXND Name : Adi Padmo

Position : NDE LEVEL III
Position : NDE Level II Position : Director
Cert. No. 126596
Date : 03 October, 2020 Date : 03 October, 2020 Date : 03 October, 2020

Head Office : Blok Lebak RT.01/02 Sitiwinangun Jamblang Kab. Cirebon – Jawa Barat
Representative Office : Link. Nyi Kambang RT.02/03 No.22 Sukmajaya Kec. Jombang, Cilegon – Banten
Email : retsaputradymeclg@gmail.com Hp : 081298473433
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

SUMMARY OF REVISION SHEET

This page is a record of all revisions of the procedure and the following revision (s) has (have) been made to
this procedure.

REV. DATE PAGE DESCRIPTION

00 03 October, 2020 All First Issue

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

Daftar Isi / Table of Content

Par. Uraian Par. Description Page
1 Tujuan 1 Purpose 4
2 Ruang Lingkup 2 Scope 4
3 Persyaratan Safety 3 Safety Requirements 4
4 Referensi-referensi 4 References 5
5 Definisi–definisi 5 Definitions 5
6 Qualifikasi dan Tanggung Jawab 6 Personnel Qualification and 6
Personnel Responsibility
7 Peralatan 7 Equipment(s) 6
7.1 Alat–alat Ultrasonic 7.1 Ultrasonic Equipments 6
7.2 Search Units 7.2 Search Units 6
7.3 Couplant 7.3 Couplant 7
7.4 Blok Kalibrasi 7.4 Calibration Block 7
8 Procedure 8 Procedure 10
9 Kalibrasi 9 Calibration 10
9.1 Instrument Linearity 9.1 Instrument Linearity 10
9.2 Amplitud Control Linearity 9.2 Amplitud Control Linearity 10
10 Persyaratan Umum Kalibrasi 10 General Calibration Requirement 10
10.1 Ultrasonic System 10.1 Ultrasonic System 10
10.2 Temperature 10.2 Temperature 11
10.3 Kalibrasi Probe Normal 10.3 Straight Beam Calibration 11
10.4 Teknik Kalibrasi Probe Sudut 10.4 Angel Beam Calibration Technique 11
10.5 Konfirmasi Kalibrasi 10.5 Calibration Confirmation 13
11 Pengujian 11 Examination 14
12 Evaluasi 12 Evaluation 15
13 Pengukuran Cacat 13 Sizing of Indication 16
14 Pembersihan Setelah Pengujian 14 Post Examination Cleaning 17
15 Dokumentasi 15 Documentation 17
16 Acceptance Standard 16 Acceptance Standards 18
17 Pengujian Hasil Repair 17 Examination of Repairs 18
Lampiran Attachments 19 ~ 36
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3
1 Tujuan 1 Purpose
Prosedur ini untuk digunakan sebagai This procedure provides guidance during
petunjuk pelaksanaan manual ultrasonic the conduct of manmual direct contact
testing kontak langsung berhubungan ultrasonic testing related to the process
dengan process piping. piping.

2 Ruang Lingkup 2 Scope

2.1 Prosedur ini menyajikan syarat-syarat 2.1 This procedure provides the requirements
dan standar acceptance yang digunakan and acceptance standards for the contact
untuk pengujian dengan Ultrasonic ultrasonic examination for:
kontak pada:
Lasan full penetrasi ferrous material Full penetration welds of ferrous material
(material carbon steel, low alloy steel dan (carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless
stainless steel) dengan ketebalan antara steel material) with thickness between 0.5
0.5 in. (13 mm) sampai 1.0 in. (25 mm). in. (13 mm) up to 1.0 in. (25 mm).
Sambungan las bisa terbuat dari pipa, Weld joints may be made of pipes, tubes or
tube atau plat. plates.
Base material dari ferrous metal Base materials of ferrous metals (carbon
(carbon steel, low alloy steel dan stainless steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel)
steel) dengan ketebalan antara 0.5 in. (13 with thickness between 0.5 in. (13 mm) up
mm) sampai 1.0 in. (25 mm). untuk to 1.0 in. (25 mm) for lamination check or
pengujian laminasi atau defect lainnya. other defects.
2.2 Qualifikasi procedure harus dilaksanakan 2.2 Procedure qualification shall be made when
jika ada perubahan essential variable dari a change essential variable of a requirement
persyaratan di Table T–421; jika perubahan in Table T-421; a change nonessential
nonessential variable dari persyaratan di variable of a requirement in Table T–421
Table T–421 tidak diperlukan kualifikasi need not requalification of written
ulang procedure. Semua perubahan dari
procedure. All changes of essential or non-
essential atau non essential variable pada
nilai, range nilai, yang disebut dalam essential variable from the value, or range
prosedur harus diperlukan revisi pada, atau value, specified by the written procedure
dengan addendum untuk prosedur yang shall require revision of, or an addendum to
tertulis. the written procedure.

3 Persyaratan Keselamatan 3 Safety Requirements

3.1 Safety regulasi dari PT. RETSA PUTRA 3.1 PT. RETSA PUTRA DYME’s safety
DYME harus diikuti selama pengujian. regulation shall be followed during
examination.
3.2 SAFETY ( S.H.E INSTRUCTION ) 3.2 SAFETY ( S.H.E INSTRUCTION )
• Selalu menggunakan PPE , seperti Safety • Always use PPE such as Safety shoes,
shoes, hand glove, safety glass, dan helmet. hand glove, safety glass, and helmet.
• Waspada tempat yang licin dan benda • Watch out for slippery and falling object.
jatuh • Watch out for the hazard around the
• Waspada benda berbahaya sekitar areas.
tempat kerja • Stop the activities and report to client
• Berhenti kerja dan lapor ke client and supervisor for unsafe working
supervisor untuk tempat kerja yang condition.
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3
tidak aman • Use fall protection equipment if working
• Pakai alat pengaman ketinggian jika above 2 m.
kerja diatas 2 m • Collect all waste and put it in agreed
• Pungut sampah dan buang ditempat place.
yang tersedia • Do not expose any lubricant, oil or test
• Jangan membuang pelumas, oli atau fluid to the ground.
cairan bekas test ke lantai

4 Referensi 4 References
4.1 PT. RETSA PUTRA DYME Written 4.1 PT. RETSA PUTRA DYME’s Written
Practice Practice
4.2 ASME BPV Section V, Article 4, 2019 4.2 ASME BPV Section V, Article 4, 2019
Edition Edition
4.3 Process Piping , ASME / ANSI B31.3 , 4.3 Process Piping , ASME / ANSI B31.3 ,
2018 Edition, 2018 Edition,

5 Definisi–Definisi 5 Definitions
5.1 Primary reference response (level): 5.1 Primary reference response (level): the
respon dari ultrasonic dari refector di ultrasonic response from the basic
blok kalibrasi pada jarak sound path calibration reflector at the specified sound
tertentu, secara electronic di atur sampai path distance, electronically adjusted to a
persen tertentu dari ketinggian screen. specified percentage of the full screen
height.
5.2 DAC: Distance Amplitude Correction 5.2 DAC: Distance Amplitude Correction
kurva. curve.
5.3 Probe (Probe): sebuah alat electro 5.3 Search Unit (Probe): an electro acoustic
acoustic digunakan untuk meneruskan device used to transmit or receive ultrasonic
atau menerima ultrasonic energy. energy.
5.4 Transducer: sebuah alat electro acoustical 5.4 Transducer: an electro acoustical device
untuk merubah energi listrik ke energi for converting electrical energy into
getaran dan sebaliknya. acoustical energy and vice versa.
Probe atau transducer akan digunakan Probe or transducer will be used in this
didalam prosedur ini dengan pengertian yang procedure with the same meaning.
sama.
5.5 Kalibrasi: hubungan dari respon sistem 5.5 Calibration: correlation of the ultrasonic
ultrasonic dengan kalibrator. system respond(s) with calibration reflector(s)
5.6 Straight beam: sebuah gelombang getaran 5.6 Straight beam: a vibrating pulse wave
pulsa yang berjalan normal (tegak lurus) train travelling normal to the test surface.
dengan permukaan yang di tes.
5.7 Angle beam: terminologi yang digunakan 5.7 Angle beam: a term used to describe an
untuk menyatakan sebuah sudut datang atau angle of incidence or refraction other than
pembiasan selain tegak lurus dengan normal to the surface of the test object, only
permukaan yang di tes, hanya beam sudut angle beam shear waves shall be used in
gelombang shear yang digunakan dalam
this procedure.
prosedur ini.
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3
6 Kualifikasi dan Tanggung Jawab 6 Personnel Qualification and
Personnel Responsibility
6.1 Personel yang melakukan pengujian 6.1 Personnel performing examinations to the
untuk memenuhi syarat – syarat dari requirements of this specification shall be
spesifikasi ini harus di qualifikasi sesuai qualified in accordance with PT. RETSA
dengan prosedure dari PT. RETSA PUTRA DYME’s Written Practice
PUTRA DYME Written Practice
6.2 Personel yang melaksanakan tes dan 6.2 Personnel performing examinations and
mengevaluasi dengan prosedure ini harus evaluation to the requirements this
memiliki Level II atau Level III. procedure shall be Level II or Level III.

7 Perlengkapan 7 Equipments
7.1 Alat – alat Ultrasonic 7.1 Ultrasonic Equipments
7.1.1 Frekwensi 7.1.1 Frequency
Pengujian ini harus dilaksanakan dengan This examination shall be conducted with a
menggunakan instrumen ultrasonic pulsa pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument capable of
gema yang bisa menimbulkan frekwensi generating frequencies over the range of at
minimum antara 1 MHz sampai 5 MHz least 1 MHz to 5 MHz and shall be
dan harus mempunyai gain kontrol step equipped with a stepped gain control in
2.0 dB atau kurang. units of 2.0 dB or less.
Instrumen dengan frequensi lain bisa Instrument operating at other frequencies
digunakan, jika setara atau lebih baik may be used, if equal or better sensitivity
sensitivitasnya dapat didemonstrasikan can be demonstrated and documented.
dan didokumentasikan.

7.2 Search units 7.2 Search units

7.2.1 Frequensi transducer harus diantara 1 7.2.1 The frequencies of the transducer shall be
MHz sampai 5 MHz. from 1 MHz to 5 Mhz.
7.2.2 Pengujian harus dilaksanakan hanya 7.2.2 Examination shall be performed with only
dengan mode gelombang shear dari shear wave mode. angle beam search units
probes yang sudut nominalnya di material whose nominal angles in the carbon steel
carbon steel and low alloy steel adalah and low alloy steel material are 45, 60, 70
45, 60, 70 derajat dan mode gelombang deg. and longitudinal wave mode straight
longitudinal probe normal dengan teknik beam search unit using direct contact
kontak langsung. Ukuran probe yang technique. Angle beam search units
digunakan, probe sudut 8x9 mm atau dimension 8x9 mm or 20x22 mm and
20x22 mm dan probe normal dengan straight beam search diameter 10 up to 25
diameter 10 sampai 25 mm. Ukuran mm shall be used. The other stated search
probe selain yang disebut bisa digunakan, unit dimensions may be used, if equal or
jika sensitivitas setara atau lebih baik better sensitivity can be demonstrated and
dapat didemonstrasikan dan documented.
didokumentasikan.
7.2.3 Direkomendasikan untuk menambah 7.2.3 It is recommended that an extra wear plate
sepatu (sepatu 3 mm mika) pada probe, (3 mm plexi glass probe shoe) be attached
dengan menggunakan lem super glue, to the probe, using Eastman/super glue,
sebelum mulai proses penyetelan. before starting the fitting process. Fitting
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3
Kemudian yang digosok adalah sepatu then takes place using the plexiglas probe
flexi glasnya. shoe. Care is to be taken that no bubbles
Harus hati–hati supaya tidak ada udara are trapped in the glue where the shoe
yang terjebak ketika proses pengeleman adheres to the probe.
tersebut.
7.2.4 Toleransi yang dizinkan dari sudut beam 7.2.4 A tolerance of +2°/-0° in beam angle is
adalah +2°/-0°. Jika deviasi dari sudut permissible. Where the beam angle
beam melebihi toleransi ini, harus deviation exceeds this tolerance, it is to be
dibetulkan dengan cara menggerinda corrected by grinding more at one end of
salah satu ujung dari permukaan sepatu. the wear probe shoe.
7.2.5 Pemilihan probe 7.2.5 Search Unit selection

Material Sudut Probe Material Sudut Probe

Thickness Thickness
 30 mm 600 and/or 700  30 mm 600 and/or 700
 30 mm 450 and 600 or  30 mm 450 and 600 or
450 and 700 450 and 700
7.2.6 Penggunaan kombinasi probe selain 7.2.6 Using other search unit combinations as
yang disebut diatas diizinkan, asalkan mentioned above are permitted, provided
seluruh volume dari bagian yang di uji the whole volume of part examined can be
bisa tercakup. covered.

7.3 Couplant 7.3 Couplant

7.3.1 Couplant yang mempunyai karakteristik 7.3.1 Couplant having good wetting
pelicin seperti oli mesin #20 to #30, characteristics such as #20 to #30 machine
grease, C.M.C. dicampur dengan glycerin oil, grease, C.M.C. mixed with glycerin
(80% glycerin konsentrasi) atau C.M.C. (more than 80% concentration of glycerin)
harus digunakan. or C.M.C. shall be used.
7.3.2 Couplant yang digunakan untuk 7.3.2 The couplant for examination shall be the
pengujian harus sama dengan couplant same with the couplant used in calibration
yang digunakan saat kalibrasi.

7.4 Blok Kalibrasi 7.4 Calibration Block

7.4.1 Standar Blok kalibrasi 7.4.1 Basic Calibration Block
Blok kalibrasi reflektor harus digunakan The basic calibration reflectors shall be
untuk menentukan primary reference used to establish a primary reference
response dari alat. Blok kalibrasi response of the equipment. The basic
reflektor bisa di tempatkan di salah satu calibration reflectors may be located either
komponen atau di standar blok kalibrasi. in the component material or in a basic
Kalau tebal blok 25 mm berada antara calibration block. Where the block
dua range ketebalan seperti diperlihatkan thickness 25 mm spans two of the weld
di gambar 1, blok yang digunakan harus thickness range shown in Fig. 1, the block
diterima di porsi tersebut dari setiap used shall be acceptable in those portion of
ketebalan yang dicover oleh 25 mm. each thickness range covered by 25 mm.
7.4.2 Blok Material 7.4.2 Block Material
a. Material dari blok kalibrasi harus dibuat a. The material from which the block is
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3
dari bentuk produk yang sama, dan fabricated shall be of the same product
spesifikasi material yang sama atau P– form, and material specification or
number yang setara dengan material equivalent P-number grouping of the
yang akan di dites. Yang dimaksud di materials being examined. For the purposes
paragraf ini, P no. 1, 3, 4 dan 5 dianggap of the paragraph, P-Nos. 1. 3. 4. and 5
setara. materials are considering equivalent.
b. Kalibrasi blok untuk material yang b. Calibration blocks for dissimilar metals
berbeda, pemilihan material harus weld, the material selection shall be base on
berdasarkan pada material yang dimana the material on the side of the weld from
pengujian akan dilaksanakan; jika which the examination will be conducted; if
pengujian akan dilaksanakan dari kedua the examination will be conducted from
belah sisi reflektor kalibrasi harus dibuat both side, calibration reflector shall be
dengan kedua material tersebut. Jika dua provided in both materials. Where two or
atau lebih ketebalan dalam suatu more base material thickness are involved,
pengujian, reflektor kalibrasi harus the calibration reflector shall be determined
ditentukan dengan rata–rata dari by the average thickness of the weld.
ketebalan lasan tsb.
c. Blok kalibrasi harus di temper minimum c. The calibration block shall receive at least
sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan dari the minimum tempering treatment required
spesifikasi material untuk type dan grade by the material specification for the type
material tersebut, dan harus di post weld and grade, and also a post weld heat
heat treatment minimum 2 jam, jika blok treatment of at least 2 hrs. if the calibration
kalibrasi mengandung lasan. block contains weld(s).

d. Permukaan blok kalibrasi harus mewakili d. The finish on the surfaces of the block shall
permukaan komponen yang diuji. be representative of the surface finish on
the components.
e. Blok kalibrasi harus diuji dengan probe e. The calibration block material shall be
normal. Area yang mengandung indikasi completely examined with a straight beam
cacat melebihi refleksi backwall harus search unit. Area that contains an indication
dibuang pada jarak beam yang exceeding the remaining back reflection
dibutuhkan, untuk menghindari pantulan shall be excluded from the beam paths
yang bervariasi dan membingungkan. required to reach the various calibration
reflectors.
7.4.3 Material dengan Diameter lebih Besar 7.4.3 Materials with Diameters Greater Than
dari 20 inci (508 mm). 20 inches (508 mm).
a. Untuk pengujian pada material dimana a. For examination in materials where the
surface diameter lebih besar dari 20 examination surface diameter is greater
inches (508 mm),harus menggunakan than 20 inches (508 mm),a block of
blok yang mendekati bentuk curvanya, essentially the same curvature, or
atau alternatif dengan flat (lihat Fig. 1). alternatively, flat basic calibration block
(see Fig.1), shall be used.
b. Untuk menguji permukaan material b. For examination convex surface materials
cekung kedalam dengan diameter lebih with diameter greater than 20 inches (508
besar dari 20 inches (508 mm), dengan mm), using flat basic calibration block,
menggunakan basic calibration block flat, adjustment of receiver gain may be
pengaturan gain diperlukan. required.
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7.4.4 Material dengan Diameter 20 inci (508 7.4.4 Materials with Diameters 20 inches (508
mm) dan Lebih Kecil. mm) and Less.
Blok kalibrasi harus dibentuk curva untuk The basic calibration block shall be curved
material dengan diameter 508 mm dan for materials with diameters 508 mm and
lebih kecil. Kecuali yang di nyatakan less. Except where otherwise states in this
dalam paragrap ini, single blok kalibrasi article, a single curved basic calibration
bentuk curva boleh digunakan untuk block may be used to calibrate the
mengkalibrasi surface benda uji dengan examination on surfaces in the range of
range dari curva mulai 0.9 sampai 1.5 curvature from 0.9 to 1.5 times the basic
kali blok kalibrasi diameter. calibration block diameter.

7.4.5 Piping Calibration Block 7.4.5 Piping Calibration Blocks

Basic calibration block configurasi dan The basic calibration block configuration
reflector harus seperti pada Fig 1 C ( T- and reflectors shall be as shown in Fig 1 C (
434.1.7 ). Thickness T, harus didalam T-434.1.7 ). Thickness T, shall be ± 25% of
range ± 25% dari thickness nominal dari the nominal thickness of component to be
componen yang di uji. Ukuran block dan examined. The block size and reflector
lokasi reflector harus cukup untuk locations shall be adequate to perform
melakukan kalibrasi dengan probe sudut calibrations for beam angle(s) and distance
dan dengan jarak range yang dipakai. range(s) to be used.

7.4.6 Calibration Block untuk Nozzle Side 7.4.6 Nozzle Side Weld Fusion and/or
Weld Fusion dan/atau Nozzle Parent Adjacent Nozzle Parent Metal
Metal yang berdekatan Calibration Block.
a. Configurasi calibration block harus a. The calibration block configuration shall be
seperti pada Fig. 1 D ( T-434.5.1 ). as shown in Fig. 1 D ( T-434.5.1 ). The
Ukuran block dan lokasi reflector harus block size and reflector locations shall be
mencukupi untuk melakukan kalibrasi adequate to perform calibrations to cover
pada nozzle side weld fusion zone the nozzle side weld fusion zone and/or the
dan/atau nozzle parent metal yang adjacent nozzle parent metal.
berdekatan.
b. Block thickness harus maximum b. The block thickness shall be the maximum
thickness dari nozzle wall yang dekat ke thickness of the nozzle wall adjacent to
nozzle weld plus 0.75 inch (19 mm) nozzle weld plus 0.75 inch (19 mm)
c. Untuk pengujian nozzle dengan diameter c. For examinations of nozzle with an
(ID) sama atau lebih kecil dari than 20 diameter ( ID ) equal to or less than 20
inches (508 mm), block contact surface inches (508 mm), the contact surface of
harus mempunyai curva yang sama atau calibration block shall have the same
dalam range 0.9 to 1.5 kali diameter cuvature or within the range of 0.9 to 1.5
seperti detail pada Fig. 1 A ( 434.1.7.2 times the diameter as detailed in Fig. 1 A (
) 434.1.7.2 )
d. Calibration reflector harus side- drilled d. The calibration reflectors shall be side-
hole sesuai dengan persyaratan pada Fig. drilled hole(s) that are in accordance with
1 B ( T-434.2.1) untuk nozzle wall the requirements of Fig. 1 B ( T-434.2.1)
thickness for the nozzle wall thickness
e. Calibration block yang ada bisa e. The existing calibration blocks may be used
digunakan untuk pengujian yang typenya for similar types of examinations provided
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3
sejenis asalkan jarak sound path ke the sound path distance(s) to the block’s
reflector dalam range 0.25 inch ( 6 mm ) reflector(s) is (are) within 0.25 inch ( 6 mm
yang dipersyaratkan dan side-drilled hole ) of what is required and the side-drilled
sama atau diameternya lebih kecil dari hole(s) is (are) the same or a smaller
yang dipersyaratkan. diameter than what required.

8 Procedure 8 Procedure
8.1 Persiapan Permukaan 8.1 Surface Preparation.
a. Base Metal (permukaan kontak) a. Base Metal (contact surface)
Base metal pada setiap sisi lasan harus The base metal on each side of the weld
bebas dari spater, permukaan yang tidak shall be free of weld spatter, surface
teratur, atau benda asing yang mungkin irregularities, or foreign matter that might
mengganggu dalam pengujian. interfere with the examination.
b. Weld Metals. b. Weld Metals.
Jika permukaan lasan mengganggu dalam Where the weld surfaces interfere with the
pengujian, lasan harus di persiapkan examination, the weld shall be prepared as
secukupnya supaya tidak mengganggu needed to permit examination (as a rule,
dalam pengujian (sesuai peraturan weld surface should be finished up to the
permukaan bisa di buat/digerinda sampai same surface as the base metal).
rata dengan permukaan base metal). The method of surface preparation may be
Persiapan permukaan dengan mesin by grinding or machining.
gerinda atau mesin proses

9 Calibration 9 Calibration
Instrument Linearity Instrument Linearity
9.1 Lineariti ketinggian Screen 9.1 Screen height linearity
Ultrasonic instrumen harus menunjukkan The ultrasonic instrument shall provide
linearitas ketinggian screen sesuai dengan screen height linearity in accordance with
ASME Section V dan Calibration ASME Section V and Calibration
Procedure. Procedure.
9.2 Lineariti control Amplitudo 9.2 Amplitude control linearity
Instrumen ultrasonic harus menggunakan The ultrasonic instrument shall utilize an
control akurasi amplitudo dalam range amplitude control accurate over its useful
±20% dari perbandingan nominal range to ±20% of the nominal amplitude
amplitudo, untuk memungkinkan ratio, to allow measurement of indications
mengukur indikasi-indikasi diluar range beyond the linear range of the vertical
dari vertikal display pada screen. display on the screen. The procedure for
Prosedur yang mengevaluasi lineariti evaluating amplitude control linearity in
control amplitudo sesuai dengan ASME accordance with ASME Section V and
Section V dan Calibration Procedure. Calibration Procedure.

10 Persyaratan Kalibrasi Umum 10 General Calibration Requirements

10.1 Ultrasonic Systems 10.1 Ultrasonic Systems
Kalibrasi harus meliputi semua sistem Calibration shall include the complete
pengujian alat ultrasonic dan harus ultrasonic examination system and shall be
dilaksanakan sebelum system digunakan performed prior to use of the system in the
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3
dalam range thickness dalam pengujian. thickness range under examination

10.2 Temperature 10.2 Temperature

Untuk pengujian sistem kontak, beda For contact examination, the temperature
temperatur antara basic calibration block differential between basic calibration
dan permukaan benda yang di uji harus block and examination surfaces surface
dalam range dari 25 0F ( 14C ). shall be within 25 0F ( 14C ).

10.3 Kalibrasi Probe Normal 10.3 Straight Beam Calibration

Kalibrasi harus meliputi pengukuran2 The calibration shall provide the following
sebagai berikut. measurements.
10.3.1 Kalibrasi Jarak (lihat Fig.5, sebagai 10.3.1 Distance Range Calibration (see Fig. 5,
contoh) for example)
Kalibrasi dari pengukuran beam path bisa Calibration of beam path measurement may
digunakan control range dengan use range control by positioning of the
memposisikan refleksi dari backwall blok block back wall reflection to the distance
untuk pembagian divisi yang sama division number (or multiple) equal to the
untuk tebal yang diukur dari blok IIW V1 measured thickness of IIW VI or V2 or
atau V2 atau blok standar yang setara. equivalent standard test block.
10.3.2 Straight Beam Sensitivity 10.3.2 Straight Beam Sensitivity
a. Bukan DAC a. Non DAC
Sweep horizontal harus diatur pada jarak The horizontal sweep shall be adjusted for
kalibrasi sehingga menghasilkan paling distance calibration to present the
tidak dua pulsa yang setara ketebalan equivalent of at least two plate thicknesses
pada layer. on the display.
Sensitivitassnya harus diatur pada Sensitivity shall be adjusted at a location
pantulan sisi terjauh berada pada 50% free of indications so that the first back
sampai 75% full screen height. reflection from the far side of the plate will
be 50 % ~ 75 % of Full Screen Height.
b. DAC b. DAC.
Pengaturan Sensitivity menggunakan Sensitivity adjustment using DAC shall
DAC harus mengikuti sepeti gambar no. follow as shown in Fig. no. 6
6

10.4 Teknik Kalibrasi Probe Sudut 10.4 Angel Beam Calibration Technique
Sesuai ketentuan, minimum kalibrasi As applicable, the calibration shall provide
harus meliputi pengukuran 2 sebagai the following measurements.
berikut:
10.4.1 Kalibrasi Jarak ( lihat Fig. 2 ) 10.4.1 Distance Range Calibration (see Fig. 2)
Kalibrasi jarak harus di atur untuk Horizontal Sweep shall be adjusted to
mewakili aktual sound path dengan represent the actual sound path distance by
menggunakan IIW – V1 atau IIW – V2. using IIW – V1 or IIW – V2. The distance
Kalibrati jarak harus menggunakan salah calibration shall be made using either the 5
satu skala 5 inch ( 125 mm ) atau skala inch ( 125 mm ) scale or 10 inch ( 250 mm
10 inch ( 250 mm ), yang mana yang ) scale, whichever is appropriate. The other
pantas. Kalibrasi jarak yang lainnya bisa distance calibrations may be used in respect
digunakan dengan mempertimbangkan to the joint configuration or thickness of
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3
joint configuration atau thickness of component examined.
component yang di uji
10.4.2 Koreksi Jarak-Amplitudo ( DAC ) 10.4.2 Distance-Amplitude Correction
(DAC)
a Posisi dari probe (lihat Gambar.3) untuk a Position the search unit (see Fig 3) for
respon maksimum : maximum response :
- dari SDH di kedalaman ¾ dari ketebalan - from SDH at depth the ¾ block thickness,
blok, untuk bahan dengan ketebalan t < 25 for material thickness t < 25 mm
mm - from SDH at depth ¼ or ¾ block
- dari SDH di kedalaman ¼ atau ¾ dari
ketebalan blok, untuk bahan dengan
thickness, for material thickness t > 25 mm
ketebalan t > 25 mm - The other mentioned above reference
- Selain yang disebutkan sesuai referensi SDH may be selected, provided the
SDH di atas dapat di pilih, memberikan coverage testing can be performed.
cakupan untuk dilakukan pengujian. Note :
Catatan: SDH stands for Side Drill Hole
SDH singkatan Lubang Bor Side The above SDH is called as reference SDH.
SDH diatas disebut sebagai referensi SDH
b Atur sensitivity control untuk b Adjust the sensitivity control to provide
menghasilkan indikasi 80% (5% tinggi 80% (5% of full screen height) indication
full screen) dari referensi SDH. from the reference SDH.
Tandai ujung indikasi pada screen dengan Mark the peak of the indication on the
pensil tahan grease atau dengan marker screen with a grease pencil or other suitable
yang cocok. Catat dB dari SDH referensi, marker. Record the dB from the reference
dB tersebut dianggap sebagai referensi SDH, the dB is considered as reference
level. level.
c Atur sensitivity control untuk c Adjusting the sensitivity control to provide
menghasilkan indikasi 40% dari tinggi 40% of full screen height or 50 % DAC
full screen atau 50% DAC (5%), (5%) , by reducing 6 dB from the
dengan mengurangi 6 dB dari referensi reference level.
level. Mark the peak of the indications on the
Tandai ujung indikasi pada screen screen.
d Atur sensitivity control untuk d Adjusting the sensitivity control to provide
menghasilkan indikasi 16% dari tinggi 16% of full screen height or 20 % DAC
full screen atau 20% DAC (5%), (5%), by reducing 14 dB from the
dengan mengurangi 14 dB dari referensi reference level.
level. Mark the peak of the indications on the
Tandai ujung indikasi pada screen screen.
e Tanpa merubah Control Range e Without changing the Range Control
pengaturan, Atur sensitivity control adjustment, adjusting the sensitivity control
terhadap referensi level, maka posisi dari to the reference level, then position the
probe adalah maksimum respon dari SDH search unit for maximum response from
lainnya. another SDHs .
f Ulangi langkah ( c ) dan ( d ) diatas. f Repeat the step ( c ) and ( d ) above.
Tandai respon tergambar di screen Connect the screen marks respond from the
terhadap sisi SDH yang dibor untuk side drilled SDHs to provide the distance
mendapatkan kurva panjang amplitude ( amplitude curve ( DAC ).
DAC ).
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g Hubungkan tanda–tanda dari respon side- g Connect the screen marks respond from the
drilled hole di screen untuk menghasilkan side-drilled holes to provide the distance
distance amplitude curve (DAC). amplitude curve (DAC).
10.4.3 Pengukuran Amplitudo Echo dari 10.4.3 Echo Amplitude Measurement from the
Notch Permukaan pada Blok Kalibrasi Surface Notch in the Basic Calibration
(lihat Fig. 4) Block (see Fig. 4)
Posisikan probe untuk menghasilkan Position the search unit for maximum
amplitudo maximum dari notch kotak di amplitude from the square notch on the
permukaan dibaliknya, tandai “X“ pada opposite surface, “X” mark the peak of the
ujung indikasi pada screen dari notch indication on the screen from the notch.
tersebut.
Notch kotak di permukaan dibaliknya The opposite surface square notch may give
mungkin bisa memberi indikasi 2 an indication 2 to 1 above DAC at 450
banding 1 diatas DAC dari probe 450 and probe and 1/2DAC at 600 probe.
1/2DAC at probe 600. Oleh karena itu, Therefore, the indication from the square
indikasi dari notch harus diperhatikan notch must be consider when evaluating
saat mengevaluasi reflektor2 pada posisi reflectors at the opposite surface.
permukaan dibaliknya.

10.5 Konfirmasi Kalibrasi 10.5 Calibration Confirmation

a. Sitem Perubahan. a. System Changes.
Pengecekan kalibrasi harus di A calibration check shall be performed,
laksanakan, jika ada penggantian dari when any part of examination system is
system alat untuk pengujian, untuk changed, to verify that distance range points
memverifikasi bahwa range jarak dan and sensitivity setting (s) to satisfy
seting sensitivity memenuhi persyaratan requirements of 10.5. c (1), (2), at the
mulai 10.5. c (1), (2), dengan batasan following stage:
sebagai berikut:
1. Pengecekan kalibrasi harus dilakukan 1. Calibration check shall be made on the
pada blok kalibrasi (V1 or V2) untuk calibration block (V1 or V2) verify that
memverifikasi jarak antara poin. distance range points.
2. Pengecekan kalibrasi harus dilakukan 2. Calibration check shall be made on the
pada blok kalibrasi (BCB) untuk calibration block (BCB) to verify the
memverifikasi pengaturan sensitivitas. sensitivity setting.

b. Pengecekan untuk pemeriksaan b. Periodic Examination Check

berkala A calibration check shall be made on at
Pengecekan kalibrasi harus dilakukan least one of the basic reflector in the basic
pada satu reflector di dalam blok calibration block of the following
kalibrasi dengan kondisi sebagai berikut : conditions :
1. Setiap akhir dari setiap pengujian atau 1. At the finish of each examination or
2. Pemeriksaan serupa dan berkelanjutan. 2. Series of similar examination.
3. Ketika personel penguji diganti. 3.When examination personnel are
changed.
c. Konfirmasi Acceptance Values c. Confirmation Acceptance Values
Semua record indikasi sejak kalibrasi All recorded indication since the last valid
terakhir yang valid atau check kalibrasi calibration check shall be re examined with
harus di uji ulang dengan kalibrasi yang
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benar dan nilai pada data sheet harus the corrected calibration and the values
dirubah, jika : shall be changed on their data sheet, if :
1) setiap poin pada curva DAC telah
berubah dari garis kalibrasi jarak lebih 1) a point on the DAC curve has moved
besar dari 10% dari pembacaan jarak on distance line more than 10% of
atau 5% dari jarak penuh (screen), maka distance reading or 5% of full distance,
diambil yang lebih besar, koreksi jarak whichever is greater, correct the
kalibrasi dan beri catatan dari koreksi distance range calibration and note the
pada record pengujian atau correction in the examination record or
2) setting sensitivity telah mengalami 2) any sensitivity setting has decreased or
penurunan atau kenaikan lebih dari 20%
increased by more than 20% or 2 dB of
atau 2 dB dari amplitudo nya.
its amplitude.

11 Pengujian 11 Examination
11.1 Ruang Lingkup 11.1 Coverage
Volume harus di uji dengan The volume shall be examined by moving
menggerakkan probe keseluruh the search unit over the examination surface
permukaan yang di uji sehingga bisa so as to scan the entire examination
menscan seluruh volume pengujian. volume. Each pass the search unit shall be
Setiap jalan/jalur dari probe harus overlapping a minimum of 10% of
overlaping minimum 10% dari ukuran transducer (element), dimension
probe, tegak lurus dengan dimensi dari perpendicular to the direction of the scan.
arah scaning.
11.2 Syarat-syarat Scanning 11.2 Scanning Requirements
a. Kecepatan dari manual scaning harus a. The rate of manual scanning shall not
tidak lebih dari 6 in/sec. (150 mm/sec.) exceed 6 in/sec (150 mm/sec).
b. Scaning harus dilaksanakan dengan b. The scanning shall be performed at gain
mengatur gain seting minimum dua kali setting at least two times the primary
dari primary reference level. Evaluasi reference level. Evaluation shall be
harus dilaksanakan dengan mengacu pada performed with respect to the primary
primary reference level. reference level.
c. Scaning harus dilaksanakan dari kedua c. The scanning shall be performed from both
sisi lasan (jika memungkinkan). sides of the weld (if accessible).
11.3 Scaning dengan Probe Normal 11.3 Straight Beam Scanning
a. Scaning probe normal harus dilaksanakan a. The straight beam scanning shall be
pada volume dari base material dimana performed on the volume of base material
akan dilewati probe sudut untuk through which the angle beams will travel
mengetahui reflector yang mungkin to locate any reflectors that might limit the
membatasi kemampuan probe sudut ability of the angle beam to examine the
untuk menguji volume lasan, dan ini weld volume, and is not to be used for an
tidak digunakan sebagai acceptance acceptance-rejection examination.
criteria.
b. Lokasi dan area yang ditemukan reflektor b. Location and areas of such reflectors found
harus direcord dan menjadi bahan shall be recorded and subject to
pertimbangan Engineering. Engineering evaluation.
c. Scaning probe normal harus dilaksanakan c. The straight beam scanning shall be
pada volume dari base material dimana performed on the volume of base material
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cacat mungkin mengakibatkan gangguan in which the defects may affect the service
di service yang di refer oleh Code section referenced by other Code section or other
lainnya atau persyaratan lainnya. requirements.

11.4 Scanning dengan Probe Sudut untuk 11.4 Angle Beam Scanning for Reflectors
Reflektor yang Paralel dengan Lasan. Parallel to the Weld
Probe sudut harus diarahkan ke lasan The angle beam shall be directed at
dengan sudut yang benar kearah axis dari approximate right angle to the weld axis
lasan dari daerah yang memungkinkan. from to directions where possible. The
Probe harus di manupulasi sehingga search unit shall be manipulated so that the
semua energi ultrasonic berjalan melalui ultrasonic energy pass-through the required
volume yang diperlukan dari lasan dan volumes of weld and adjacent base metal.
base metal sekitarnya.
11.5 Scanning dengan Probe Sudut untuk 11.5 Angle Beam Scanning for Reflection
Reflektor yang Melintang dengan Oriented Transversal to the Weld.
Lasan.
a. Probe sudut harus diarahkan sedapat a. The angle beam shall be directed essentially
mungkin paralel dengan axis dari lasan. parallel to the weld axis. The search unit
Probe harus di manupulasi sehingga shall be manipulated so that the beam angle
semua energy ultrasonic berjalan melalui through the required volumes of weld and
volume yang diperlukan dari lasan dan adjacent base metal.
base metal sekitarnya.
b. Probe harus di putar 180 derajat dan b. The search unit shall be rotated 180 deg.
pengujian diulangi. and the examination repeated.
c. Probe sudut bisa digunakan untuk c. The angle beam may be used for
menguji base materials, probe harus di examination base materials, the search unit
arahkan ke segala arah untuk scanning shall be manipulated in any direction for
cacat yang arah nya ber macam – macam. scanning the any orientation defects.

12 Evaluasi 12 Evaluation
12.1 Non-Relevant Indication mungkin 12.1 Non-Relevant Indication may be caused by
disebabkan oleh : :
a. Cacat metallurgy di heat-effected yang a. Metallurgical discontinuities such as plate
bisa memantulkan setelah fabrikasi. segregates in heat-effected zone that
Pengujian dengan probe normal, become reflective after fabrication. Under
mungkin bisa tampak seperti indikasi straight beam nexamination, this may
spot atau garis, appear as spot or line indications.
b. Pengujian dengan probe sudut, indikasi b. Under angle beam examination, indication
yang datangnya dari kondisi permukaan that are determined to originate from the
(seperti weld root geometry) atau variasi surface conditions ( such as weld root
pada metallurgy pada ustenitic material geometry) or variation in metallurgical structure
(seperti automatic ke manual weld clad in austenitic materials ( such as the automatic to
interface). manual weld clad interface ).
c. Berikut ini langkah – langkah yang c. The following steps shall be taken to
diperlukan untuk mengklasifikasi indikasi classify an indication as geometric :
dari geometry :
1. Di interprete area yang diperkirakan 1. Interprete the area containing the
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reflector sesuai dengan procedure. reflector in accordance with the
applicable examination procedure.
2. Di plot dan verifikasi reflector 2. Plot and verify the reflector coordinates.
ordinate. Buat gambar tampak Prepare a cross-sectional sketch
memotong yang menunjukkan posisi showing the reflector position and
dan kondisi permukaan seperti root dan surface discontinuities such as root and
counterbore. counterbore.
3. Review gambar fabrikasi dan persiapan 3. Review fabrication or weld preparation
bevel las. Pengujian dengan Tehnik drawings. Other ultrasonic techniques or
ultrasonic lain atau pengujian dengan nondestructive examination methods
metode nondestructive lain mungkin may be helpful in determining a
bisa membantu menentukan posisi, reflector’s true position, size, and
ukuran dan orientasi. orientation.

12.2 Level Evaluasi. 12.2 Evaluation Level.

a. Distance Amplitude Technique. a. Distance Amplitude Technique.
Semua indikasi lebih besar dari 20 % All indications greater than 20% of
reference level harus di investigasi reference level shall be investigated to the
sehingga bisa dievaluasi sesuai dengan extent that they can be evaluated in terms
acceptance criteria dar reference Code of acceptance criteria of reference Code
Section. Section.
b. Evaluation Laminar Reflector. b. Evaluation of Laminar Reflector.
Reflector yang diketahui dari cacat Reflector evaluted as laminar reflectors in
laminasi pada base material yanf akan base material which interfere with scanning
menghalangi untuk bisa pengujian secara of examination volumes shall require the
keseluruhan dengan probe sudut angle beam examination technique to be
diperlukan tehnik laing dalam pengujian modified such that the maximum feasible
dengan modifikasi sehingga keseluruhan volume is examined, and shall be noted in
pengujian bisa dilaksanakan dan di beri the record of examination.
note pada record pengujian.

13 Pengukuran Cacat 13 Sizing of Indications

13.1 Tes dengan Probe normal. 13.1 Straight Beam Testing
a. Jika cacat yang terjadi lebih kecil dari a. When discontinuity is smaller than the
ukuran probe, maka evaluasi dari ukuran transducer size, the size evaluation shall be
cacat harus dilaksanakan dengan made by beginning outside of the
memulai dari arah luar dan kedalam dari discontinuity, moving the transducer toward
cacat, menggerakkan probe kearah area the area of discontinuity until an indication
cacat sampai terdapat indikasi pada layar on the display begins to form. The leading
kelihatan. Ujung dari probe/search unit edge of the search unit at this point is
diindikasikan sebagai ujung dari indicative of the edge of the discontinuity.
cacatnya.
b. Jika cacat lebih besar dari ukuran probe, b. When discontinuity larger than the
kehilangan refleksi back wall akan terjadi transducer size, a full loss of back reflection
dan evaluasi metode dengan will occur and evaluation method of a 6 dB
menggunakan cara 6 dB drop (50% loss of amplitude (drop to 50% from
penurunan dari ketinggian amplitudo the original screen height) shall be used and
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aslinya) harus digunakan dan untuk measurement to the center line of the
menentukan ujung cacat dengan transducer is determining discontinuity
mengukur center line dari probe. edge.

13.2 Tes dengan Probe Sudut. 13.2 Angle Beam Testing

a. Panjang dan tinggi dari cacat harus a. The length and height of the discontinuity
ditentukan dengan menggerakkan probe shall be determined by moving the
dari daerah cacat sampai ada penurunan transducer from the discontinuity area until
amplitudo 6 dB drop (turun 50% dari a 6 dB loss of amplitude (drop to 50% from
amplitudo aslinya) dan untuk the original screen height) and
menentukan ujung cacat dengan measurement to the center line of the
mengukur center line dari probe. transducer is determining discontinuity
edge.
b. Reflektor yang berbentuk bulat bisa di b. The spherical reflector may be
bedakan dengan yang berbentuk planar differentiated from Planar reflector by their
dengan melihat respond yang ditunjukkan respond shown as amplitude significant
pada layar seperti akan begitu mencolok drop when the transducer moving away
drop dari amplitudonya jika probe from the indicative area or when the
dijauhkan dari area cacat atau transducer manipulated to an angle from
dimanipulasi dengan sudut tertentu dari the maximum respond of indicative area.
maximum respond dari area cacat.

14 Pembersihan akhir setelah pengujian 14 Post –Examination Cleaning.

a. Pembersihan setelah pengujian harus a. Post examination cleaning shall be
dilakukan sesegera mungkin sebelum performed as soon as possible after
step fabrikasi selanjutnya dilakukan. examinations have been finished and before
the next steps of fabrication proceeded.
b. Untuk couplant bahan dasarnya air ( b. For water base couplant ( CMC ) by
CMC ) dengan cara menglap dengan kain wipping with dry rags before the couplant
bersih sebelum couplant mengering. dry.
c. Untuk yang bersifat oli dengan cara c. For oil base couplant by wipping with the
mengelap dengan kain bersih yang di clean and dry rags wetted with solvent /
basahi dengan solvent / cleaner. cleaner.

15 Dokumentasi 15 Documentation
15.1 Hasil dari pengujian ultrasonic harus di 15.1 Ultrasonic examination results shall be
report dalam Form Ultrasonic Test reported on the provided Ultrasonic Test
Report yang tersedia (terlampir). Report Form (attached).
15.2 Lokasi lasan dan identifikasi harus 15.2 Weld locations and their identification shall
direcord pada weld map atau di be recorded on the a weld map or in an
identifikasi plan. identification plan.
15.3 Jika lasan di identifikasin permanen, low 15.3 If the welds are to be permanently marked,
stress stamps dan /atau vibratooling bisa low stress stamps and/or vibratooling may
digunakan. Jika componen dimarking be used. Marking after final stress releif of
setelah final stress releif harus tidak component shall be not be any deeper than
boleh lebih dalam dari 0.048 inch ( 1.2 0.048 inch ( 1.2 mm )
mm )
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15.4 System Reference 15.4 Reference System
a. Setiap lasan harus dilokasikan dan a. Each weld shall be located and identified by
diidentifikasi dengan system reference a system of reference points. The system
line. System harus bisa mengidentifikasi shall permit identification of each weld
setiap center line dari lasan dan tanda center line and designation of regular
secara regular interval sepanjang lasan, interval along the length of weld, however ,
tetapi system yang berbeda bisa a different system may be utilized provided
digunakan asalkan masih memenuhi it meets the above requirements.
persyaratan diatas.
b. Semua pantulan dari area yang tidak b. All reflections from uncorrected areas
dikoreksi, mempunyai respon melebihi having responses that exceed 50% of the
50% dari reference level harus direcord reference level shall be recorded on the
dalam form ultrasonic test report, record attached record form, this record shall
ini harus menyebutkan setiap area, indicate each area, the response level, the
respond level, dimensi, dalamnya dari dimension, the depth below the surface, and
permukaan dan klasifikasi. the classification.
c. Ultrasonic reports harus disimpan dalam c. Ultrasonic reports shall be maintained for
periode 3 tahun atau sesuai dengan the period 3 years or as required by Code or
persyaratan Code atau yuridiksi lokal local jurisdiction requirement as applicable
yang berlaku oleh pabrik. by Manufacturer.

16 Standar Penerimaan 16 Acceptance Standards

16.1 Standar Penerimaan harus dijelaskan di 16.1 Acceptance criteria shall be as stated in the
Design Engineering dan minimum engineering design and shall at least meet
memenuhi persyaratan seperti berikut: the applicable requirements stated below:
16.2 Cacat tipe linear tidak bisa diterima jika 16.2 A linear-type discontinuity is unacceptable
amplitude dari indikasi melibihi reference if the amplitude of the indication exceeds
level dan panjangnya melebihi : the reference level and its length exceeds:
• 6 mm (1⁄4 in.) for Tw ≤ 19 mm (3⁄4 in.) • 6 mm (1⁄4 in.) for Tw ≤ 19 mm (3⁄4 in.)
• Tw/3 for 19 mm < Tw ≤ 57 mm (21⁄4 • Tw/3 for 19 mm < Tw ≤ 57 mm (21⁄4
in.) in.)
• 19 mm for Tw > 57 mm • 19 mm for Tw > 57 mm

17 Pengujian Hasil Perbaikan 17 Examination of Repairs

Cacat yang tidak diterima harus di buang Unacceptable discontinuities shall be
dan direpair. Hasil repair harus diuji removed and repaired. Repairs shall be
ulang dengan prosedure yang sama reexamined by the same procedures used
dengan yang digunakan untuk cacat for original of the discontinuity.
aslinya.
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Figure 1 A. RATIO LIMITS FOR CURVED SURFACES

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Figure 1 B. NON PIPING BASIC CALIBRATION BLOCK

* Minimum dimension

GENERAL NOTES:
a) Holes shall be drilled and reamed 1.5 in. (38 mm) deep minimum, essentiaily parallel to the examination surface.
b) For components equal to or less than 20 in. (500 mm) in diameter, calibration block diameter shall meet the requirements of T-434.1.7.2.
Two sets of calibration reflectors (holes, notches) oriented 90 deg from each other shall be used. Alternatively, two curved calibration
blocks may be used.
c) The tolerance for hole diameter shall be ± 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). The tolerance for hole location through the calibration block thickness (ie.,
distance from the examination surface) shall be ± 1/8 in. (13 mm).
d) For blocks less than ¾ in. (19 mm) in thickness, only the ½ T side-drilled hole and surface notches are required.
e) All holes may be located on the same face (side) of the calibration block, provided care is exercised to locate all the reflectors (holes,
notches) to prevent one reflector from affecting the indication from another reflector during callbration. Notches may also be in the same
plane as the inline holes (See Appendix J, Fig. J-431). As in Fig. J-431, a sufficient number of holes shall be provided for both angle and
straight beam calibrations at the ¼ T, ½ T and ¾ T depths.
f) Minimum notch depth shall be 3.6%T and maximum notch depth shall be 2.2%T plus the thickness of cladding, if present.
g) Maximum notch width is not critical. Notches may be made by EDM or with end mills up to ¼ in. (6.4 mm) in diameter.
h) Weld thickness, t, is the nominal material thickness for welds without reinforcement or, for welds with reinforcement, the nominal material
thickness plus the estimated weld reinforcement not to exceed the maximum permitted by the referencing Code Section. When two or more
base material thicknesses are involved, the calibration block thickness, T, shall be determined by the average thickness of the weld;
alternatively, a calibration block based on the greater base material thickness may be used provided the reference reflector size is based
upon the average weld thickness.

NOTE: For each increase in weld thickness of 2 in. (50 mm) or fraction thereof over 4 in. (100 mm), the hole diameter shall increase 1/16
in. (1.5 mm).
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

Figure 1 C. PIPING BASIC CALIBRATION BLOCK

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

Figure 1 D. BASIC CALIBRATION BLOCK FOR STRAIGHT BEAM EXAMINATION OF NOZZLE.

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

Fig. 2 DISTANCE RANGE CALIBRATION FOR ANGLE BEAM

TRANSDUCER USING IIW V1 REFERENCE BLOCK

notch

1 st reflection echo
from the bottom

1 st reflection echo
from the notch

0 100
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

Fig. 3. Distance Amplitude Correction

(1) T  25 mm

1/2 T
80% FSH ( 100% DAC )
100 % ( Primary reference Level )

40% FSH
( 5 0 % DAC )
Amplitude

16% FSH
( 20% DAC )

0 1/2 T 2 1/2 T
1 1/2 T

( 2 ) T > 25 mm

1/2 T
80% FSH ( 100% DAC )

( Primary reference Level )

1/4 T

100 %

40% FSH
( 5 0% DAC )

Amplitude

16 % FSH
(20 % DAC)

0 1/4T 3/4T 1 1/4T 1 3/4T

Fig. 4 NOTCH ECHO AMPLITUDE MEASUREMENT

DAC Line

0
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

Fig. 5 DISTANCE RANGE CALIBRATION FOR STRAIGHT BEAM

TRANDUCER USING IIW V 1 REGFERENCE BLOCK.

Front Surface

25 mm

Bottom Surface

1 st reflection echo from the bottom

0 25 50 75 100
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

Fig. 6 DISTANCE AMPLITUDE CORRECTION FOR STRAIGHT BEAM TRANSDUCER

(1) T < 25 mm

T/2

DAC 100 % ( Reference level )

100% CRT 50 % ( Primary ref. Respond set at 50 % of F S H

DAC 50 %

0 T/2
(2) T > 25 mm

3/4T

DAC 100 % ( Reference level )

100% CRT 80 % ( Primary ref. Respond set at 80 % of F S H )

DAC 50 %

DAC 20 %

0 T/4 3/4T
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

APPENDIX 1 – TECHNIQUE SHEETS

TECHNIQUE SHEET: UTS-01

COMPONENT : Ultrasonic thickness measurement and lamination check with compress

ional zero degree probes.
MATERIAL : Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel
JOINT PREPARATION : N.A
WELDING PROCESS : N.A
EQUIPMENT : Pulse Echo, A-scan Presentation, digital thickness meter.
COUPLANT : Cellulose and water mixture
CALIBRATION BLOCKS : Step wedge or calibrations block of the same material as the one to be
tested and of at least one half of test material thickness.
PROBE SELECTION : Frequency range 2.0 to 5.0 MHz
: Zero degree probe Any dimension of transducer but not to exceed
25 mm, single or twin crystal.
TESTING TEMPERATURE : AMBIENT
TIME BASE CALIBRATION : At least twice the test material thickness
SENSITIVITY SETTING : First back wall echo to 80% FSH.
Not applicable for digital or other portable thickness meter.
CODE / SPECIFICATION : As per referencing code, standard and / or specification.

SCANNING SKETCH

0o Probe

PLATE

FOOTPRINT for
BEVEL END
INCOMING BRACE
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

APPENDIX 1 – TECHNIQUE SHEET (Cont’n)

TECHNIQUE SHEET: UTS-02

COMPONENT : Butt welds - scanning from both sides as weldments and from one face
of parent metals
MATERIAL : Carbon Steel
MATERIAL THICKNESS : 13 mm and above
JOINT PREPARATION : Single Vee or bevel, full penetration weld, with or without backing
strip.
WELDING PROCESS : Fusion Welding
EQUIPMENT : Pulse Echo, A-Scan presentation
COUPLANT : Cellulose wallpaper paste and water solution, starch solution or any
water based solution may be used.
CALIBRATION BLOCK : IIW V1 and V2 blocks, ASME BCB
PROBE SELECTION : Frequency range 2.0 to 5.0 MHz
: Zero degree probe any dimension of transducer not to exceed 25
mm
: Angle probe Transducer dimension in the range of 10mm
rectangular or circular in shape.
: Material thickness 6 mm to 19mm : 60 deg and 70 deg
Above 19mm : 45, 60 and 70 deg.
TESTING TEMPERATURE : Ambient.
TIME BASE CALIBRATION : Zero degree probe At least twice the material thickness.
: Angle probe 100 mm across screen or 1-1/2 skip range
whichever is greater.
SENSITIVITY SETTING : Zero degree probe 1st back wall echo set to 80 % FSH.
: Angle probe Echo from side drilled hole from appropriate
calibration block set to DAC
CODE/SPECIFICATION : See par. 16 of this procedure specification.

SCANNING SKETCH

0o Probe 0o Probe
Angle Probe Angle Probe

Backing Strip
No Access
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

APPENDIX 1 – TECHNIQUE SHEET (Cont’n)

TECHNIQUE SHEET: UTS-03

COMPONENT : Butt welds - scanning from both sides of weldments and from both faces of
parent metals
MATERIAL : Carbon Steel
MATERIAL THICKNESS : 13 mm and above
JOINT PREPARATION : Single vee/ bevel or double vee/bevel
WELDING PROCESS : Fusion Welding
EQUIPMENT : Pulse Echo, A-Scan presentation
COUPLANT : Cellulose wallpaper paste and water solution, starch solution or any water
based solution maybe used
CALIBRATION BLOCK : IIW V1 and V2 blocks, ASME BCB
PROBE SELECTION : − Frequency range 2.0 to 5.0 MHz
− Zero degree probe any dimension of transducer not to exceed 25
mm.
− Angle probe transducer dimension in the range of 10 mm
rectangular or circular in shape.
− Material thickness 6 mm to 19 mm: 60deg & 70deg
Above 19 mm: 45, 60 and 70 deg
TESTING TEMPERATURE : Ambient
TIME BASE CALIBRATION : − Zero degree probe At least twice the material thickness.
− Angle probe 100 mm across screen or 1-1/2 skip range
whichever is greater
SENSITIVITY SETTING : − Zero degree probe 1st back wall echo set to 80% FSH.
− Angle probe Echo off side drilled hole appropriate calibration
block set to DAC.
CODE SPECIFICATION : See par. 16 of this procedure specification.

SCANNING SKETCH

Angle Probe 0o Probe 0o Probe Angle Probe

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

APPENDIX 1 – TECHNIQUE SHEET ( Cont’n )

TECHNIQUE SHEET: UTS-04

COMPONENT : Miter Joint

MATERIAL : Carbon Steel
MATERIAL THICKNESS : 13 mm and above
JOINT PREPARATION : Single vee/ bevel or natural groove
WELDING PROCESS : Fusion Welding
EQUIPMENT : Pulse Echo, A-Scan presentation
COUPLANT : Cellulose wallpaper paste and water solution, starch solution or any water
based solution maybe used.
CALIBRATION BLOCK : IIW V1 and V2 blocks, ASME BCB
PROBE SELECTION : − Frequency range 2.0 to 5.0 MHz
− Zero degree probe any dimension of transducer not to exceed 25 mm.
− Angle probe Transducer dimension in the range of 10 mm
rectangular or circular in shape.
− Material thickness 6 mm to 19 mm : 60 deg and 70 deg
Above 19 mm : 45, 60 and 70 deg
TESTING TEMPERATURE : Ambient
TIME BASE CALIBRATION : − Zero degree probe At least twice the material thickness.
− Angle probe 100 mm across screen or 1-1/2 skip, range
whichever is greater
SENSITIVITY SETTING : − Zero degree probe 1st back wall echo set to 80% FSH.
− Angle probe Echo off side drilled hole appropriate calibration
block set to DAC.
CODE SPECIFICATION : See par. 16 of this procedure specification.

SCANNING SKETCH
No Access

No Access

C
No Access
0o Probe

0o Probe

A B
0 Probe
o
Angle Probe

Angle Probe

Angle Probe

SECTION "A" SECTION "B" SECTION "C"

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

APPENDIX 1 – TECHNIQUE SHEET (Cont’n)

TECHNIQUE SHEET: UTS-05

COMPONENT : Longitudinal welds in tubular / pipe
MATERIAL : Carbon Steel
MATERIAL THICKNESS : 13 mm and above
JOINT PREPARATION : Single or double vee/bevel (applicable diameter depends on external radius, R>W 2/4,
where W=length of probe)
WELDING PROCESS : Fusion Welding
EQUIPMENT : Pulse Echo, A-Scan presentation Fusion Welding
COUPLANT : Cellulose wallpaper paste and water solution, starch solution or any water based solution
may be used.
CALIBRATION BLOCK : IIW V1 and V2 blocks, ASME BCB
PROBE SELECTION : Frequency range - 2.0 to 5.0 MHz
Zero degree probe - any dimension of transducer not to exceed 25mm.
Angle Probe - Transducer dimension in the range of rectangular or circular in shape - 6
mm to 19 mm
TESTING TEMPERATURE Ambient
TIME BASE Zero degree probe - At least twice the material thickness
CALIBRATION Angle probe - 100 mm across screen or 1-1/2 skip range whichever is greater
SENSITIVITY SETTING Zero degree probe - 1st back wall echo set to 80% FSH
Angle probe - Highest Echo of side drilled hole appropriate calibration block set to DAC

CODE SPECIFICATION See par. 16 of this procedure specification.

SCANNING SKETCH

0° Probe 0° Probe
Angle Probe
Angle Probe

NO ACCESS Probe
Angle
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

APPENDIX 1 – TECHNIQUE SHEET (Cont’n)

TECHNIQUE SHEET: UTS-06

COMPONENT : Transverse scan for all weld configurations
MATERIAL : Carbon Steel
MATERIAL THICKNESS : 13 mm and above
JOINT PREPARATION : Single or double vee/bevel (applicable diameter depends on external radius, R>W 2/4,
where W=length of probe)
WELDING PROCESS : Fusion Welding
EQUIPMENT : Pulse Echo, A-Scan presentation Fusion Welding
COUPLANT : Cellulose wallpaper paste and water solution, starch solution or any water based
solution may be used.
CALIBRATION BLOCK : IIW V1 and V2 blocks, ASME BCB
PROBE SELECTION : Frequency range - 2.0 to 5.0 MHz
Zero degree probe - any dimension of transducer not to exceed 25 mm.
Angle Probe - Transducer dimension in the range of rectangular or circular in shape -
6 mm to 19 mm
TESTING TEMPERATURE : Ambient
TIME BASE CALIBRATION : Zero degree probe - At least twice the material thickness
Angle probe - 100 mm across screen or 1-1/2 skip range whichever is greater
SENSITIVITY SETTING : Zero degree probe - 1st back wall echo set to 80% FSH
Angle probe - Highest Echo of side drilled hole appropriate calibration block set to DAC

CODE SPECIFICATION : See par. 16 of this procedure specification.

SCANNING SKETCH
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

APPENDIX 1 – TECHNIQUE SHEET (Cont’n)

TECHNIQUE SHEET: UTS-07

COMPONENT : Lamination check of steel plates as per ASME SA-435/SA-435M &

ASME SA-578/SA-578M.
MATERIAL : Rolled carbon and alloy plain and clad steel plates for special
application
MATERIAL THICKNESS : 13 mm and above
EQUIPMENT : Pulse Echo, A-scan Presentation
COUPLANT : Cellulose and water mixture
CALIBRATION BLOCKS : Step wedge or calibrations block of the same material as the one to be tested and
of at least one half of test material thickness.
PROBE SELECTION : Frequency range 2.0 to 5.0 MHz
: Zero degree probe Any dimension of transducer but not to exceed
25 mm, single or twin crystal.
TESTING TEMPERATURE : AMBIENT
TIME BASE CALIBRATION : At least twice the test material thickness
CALIBRATION : Clad Steel Plates
a. From clad surface
Calibration shall be accomplished by placing the probe unit on the clad
surface of the calibration block and manipulating the probe for the
sensitivity setting above.
b. From unclad surface
Calibration shall be accomplished by placing the probe unit on the
surface opposite of the clad of the calibration block and manipulating the
probe for the sensitivity setting above.
SENSITIVITY SETTING : First back wall echo to 80% FSH.
SCANNING Scanning shall be along continuous perpendicular grid lines on nominal
225mm centers. Scanning lines shall be measured from the center or one
corner of the plate. An additional path shall be scanned within 50mm of all
edges of the plate on the scanning surface
CODE / SPECIFICATION : ASME SA-578/SA-578M or ASME SA-578/SA-578M.

SCANNING SKETCH

0o Probe

CLAD
CLAD STEEL PLATE
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

APPENDIX 1 – TECHNIQUE SHEET (Cont’n)

TECHNIQUE SHEET: UTS-08

COMPONENT : Butt welds - scanning from both sides of weldments and from both faces of parent
metals
MATERIAL : Clad Steel
MATERIAL THICKNESS : 13 mm and above
JOINT PREPARATION : Single vee/ bevel or double vee/bevel
WELDING PROCESS : Fusion Welding
EQUIPMENT : Pulse Echo, A-Scan presentation
COUPLANT : Cellulose wallpaper paste and water solution, starch solution or any water based solution
maybe used
CALIBRATION BLOCK : IIW V1 and V2 blocks, ASME BCB - Clad
PROBE SELECTION : Frequency range - 1.5 to 2.5 MHz
Zero degree probe - any dimension of transducer not to exceed 25 mm
Material thickness – 13 mm to 19mm: 60 deg and 70 deg
Above 19mm: 45, 60 and 70 deg.
TESTING TEMPERATURE : Ambient.
TIME BASE CALIBRATION : Zero degree probe - At least twice the material thickness
Angle probe - 1-1/2 skip range or greater.
CALIBRATION/SENSITIVITY :
a. Calibration from the Clad Side (DAC)
Position for maximum response from the hole which giges the highest amplitude. Adjust sensitivity to 80% FSH. Mark
the peak of indication on the screen. Repeat for second hole or third hole. Mark the peak of the indication after the
beam has bounced from the opposite surface. Connect the marks on the screen to provide the DAC.
b. Calibration from the Unclad Side (DAC)
From the clad side of the block, determine the db change in amplitude between the 3/4T and 5/4T hole position. From
the unclad side perform above just before the beam bounces off. To determine the amplitude for the 5/4T hole,
maximize the amplitude from the 3/4T hole. Decrease the signal amplitude by the db determined on the first step.
Mark the height of this signal amplitude 5/4T hole position. Connect the screen marks to provide DAC. This will
permit evaluation of indication down to the clad surface.
CODE/SPECIFICATION : See par. 16 of this procedure specification.

0o Probe 0o Probe
Angle Probe Angle Probe

Clad
No Access

Angle Probe 0o Probe 0o Probe Angle Probe

Clad
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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE OF ASME/ANSI B31.3

APPENDIX 1 – TECHNIQUE SHEET (Cont’n)

TECHNIQUE SHEET: UTS-09

COMPONENT : Tee / Nozzle connections
MATERIAL : Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel
MATERIAL THICKNESS : 13 mm and above
JOINT PREPARATION : Single vee
WELDING PROCESS : Fusion Welding
EQUIPMENT : Pulse Echo, A-Scan presentation
COUPLANT : Cellulose wallpaper paste and water solution, starch solution or any water based solution
maybe used
CALIBRATION BLOCK : IIW V1 and V2 blocks, ASME BCB
PROBE SELECTION : Frequency range - 1.5 to 2.5 MHz
Zero degree probe - any dimension of transducer not to exceed 25 mm
Material thickness – 13 mm to 19mm: 60 deg and 70 deg
Above 19mm: 45, 60 and 70 deg.
TESTING TEMPERATURE : Ambient.
TIME BASE CALIBRATION : Zero degree probe - At least twice the material thickness
Angle probe - 1-1/2 skip range or greater.
CALIBRATION/SENSITIVITY : Zero degree probe - 1st backwall echo set to 80% FSH
Angle probe - Echo off side drilled hole appropriate calibration block set to DAC

CODE/SPECIFICATION : See par. 16 of this procedure specification.

Angle Probe

Angle Probe
NO ACCESS
0o Probe

Alternate Scan if Alternate Scan if

0o Probe

Face "B" Not Face "B" Not

Accessible Accessible
o o
45 Probe 45 Probe

FACE "B" o
0 Probe if Accessible FACE "B" o
0 Probe if Accessible