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  • Unit 4

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    helin karatepe
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    This document provides an introduction to engineering physics concepts related to dynamics and Newton's laws of motion. It discusses force, including that an object falls due to the force of gravity. It then outlines Newton's three laws of motion: 1) an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force, 2) acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass, and 3) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The document also discusses weight as the force of gravity and the normal force exerted by surfaces in contact with objects.

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    This document provides an introduction to engineering physics concepts related to dynamics and Newton's laws of motion. It discusses force, including that an object falls due to the force of gravity. It then outlines Newton's three laws of motion: 1) an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force, 2) acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass, and 3) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The document also discusses weight as the force of gravity and the normal force exerted by surfaces in contact with objects.

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    17 views8 pages

    Unit 4

    Uploaded by

    helin karatepe
    This document provides an introduction to engineering physics concepts related to dynamics and Newton's laws of motion. It discusses force, including that an object falls due to the force of gravity. It then outlines Newton's three laws of motion: 1) an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force, 2) acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass, and 3) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The document also discusses weight as the force of gravity and the normal force exerted by surfaces in contact with objects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING

    PHYSICS
    Assist. Prof. Dr. Duygu Kuzyaka
    Ostim Technical University

    October 2022
    Ankara, Turkey
    Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
    Force:

    ✓ Force is experienced to push or a pull an object


    ✓ Contact forces: The force is exerted when one
    object comes in contact with another object
    ✓ An object falls because of the force of gravity
    ✓ To accelerate an object, a force is always required
    ✓ Force has direction as well as magnitude

    ✓ English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist,


    theologian, and author
    ✓ In the Principia, Newton formulated the laws of motion and
    universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific
    viewpoint until it was superseded by the theory of relativity.
    ✓ Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and
    developed a sophisticated theory of color based on the
    observation that a prism separates white light into the colors of
    the visible spectrum. Isaac Newton
    (25/12/1642 – 20/03/1726)
    2
    Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
    Newton’s First Law of Motion

    Galileo (1564-1642):
    Aristotle (384-322 BC):
    ✓ A force is required to keep an ✓ It is just as natural for an object to
    object moving along a horizontal be in motion with a constant
    plane velocity as it is for it to be at rest
    ✓ The natural state of an object was ✓ If no force is applied to a moving
    at rest object, it will continue to move
    ✓ A force is necessary to keep an with constant speed in a straight
    object in motion line
    ✓ The greater the force on the object, ✓ An object slows down only if a force
    the greater its speed is exerted on it = friction
    3
    Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
    Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia):

    Every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform velocity in a straight


    line, as long as no net force acts on it.

    4
    Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
    Newton’s Second Law of Motion:

    The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting


    on it, and is inversely proportional to the object’s mass. The direction of the
    acceleration is in the direction of the net force acting on the object.

    ΣF=ma
    5
    Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
    Newton’s Third Law of Motion:

    Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second


    object exerts an equal force in the opposite direction on the first.

    6
    Weight-The Force of Gravity; and The Normal Force
    Galileo claimed that all objects dropped near the
    surface of the Earth would fall with the same
    acceleration, if air resistance was negligible. The
    force that causes this acceleration is called the
    force of gravity or gravitational force.

    Fg=mg
    In SI units g=9.80 m/s2=10 N/kg
    Gravitational force

    The magnitude of the force of gravity on an object, mg, is commonly called the object’s
    weight.

    The force exerted by the table is often called a contact force, since it occurs when two
    objects are in contact. When a contact force acts perpendicular to the common surface of
    contact, it is referred to as the normal force (“normal” means perpendicular); hence it is
    labeled as FN.

    7
    8

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