Cell Theory 1
Cell Theory 1
Cell Theory 1
What is cell?
Discovery
of cells
Zacharias and • Dutch lens
Hans Janssen grinders, father and
son
• produced first
compound
microscope (2 lenses)
ROBERT HOOKE
Robert Hooke (1665)
Cell membrane
Is a double layered, thin barrier,
surrounding the cell to control
the entry and the exit of certain
substances.
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Nucleus
● Is the largest organelle in a
cell
● Control center of the cell
● Houses the genetic
information
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Nuclear membrane
● Is a bilayer membrane,
which protects the nucleus
by surrounding and acts as
a barrier between the cell
nucleus and other organs of
a cell
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Nucleolus
● Is an important membrane
found inside the nucleus. It
plays a vital role in the
production of cell’s
ribosome.
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
● Is found near the nucleus
and is made up of a
number of flattened sacs
called cisternae.
Rough ER
● studded with ribosomes
● Helps in protein synthesis
Soft ER
● Produce lipids
● Helps in the breakdown of
drugs and alcohol
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Golgi Apparatus
Packaging center of the cell
Responsible for transporting and
modifying products of the
endoplasmic reticulum.
Vesicles
Transport the products of the ER
to
the Golgi apparatus and the
products of the Golgi apparatus
to other parts of the cell.
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Lysosomes
• Suicide bag of the cell
• Contains hydrolytic enzymes called
“Lysozymes” that functions in the
digestion and removal of wastes
inside the cell.
Peroxisome
• Resembles a lysosome but contain
enzymes that break H2O2 into H2O +
O2
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Mitochondria
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Site of ATP production.
• Have its own ribosomes and
DNA.
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Chromosomes
Chloroplast
• Site of photosynthesis
• Convert solar energy to chemical
energy
• Have its own ribosomes and DNA.
Vesicles
Vacuoles
cells.
12. Cannot synthesized all the amino 12. synthesized all the amino acids, co-
required by them.
13. Spindle formed during cell division anastral (without asters on the opposite
construction of furrowing.
15. Animal cell lacking contractile 15. Plant cell does not burst if placed in
cell wall.
hypotonic solution.
Bacterial Cell
● Known as for their role in causing
illnesses but there are also good
bacteria.
● They are single microscopic
cellular microscopic organisms.
● They have fewer structure
compared to animal and plant
cells.
● Bacterium has
-cell wall
-cell membrane
-cytoplasm
● The nucleoloid floats freely in the
cytoplasm directs the activities of
the cell.
The generally accepted
parts of modern 2. All living cells arise
from pre-existing cells
version of cell theory
by division.
1. All known living
3. The cell is the
things are made
fundamental unit of
up of one or more
structure and function
cells.
in all living organisms.
4. The activity of an
organism depends on 6. Cell contain DNA
the total activity of which is found
independent cells. specifically in the
chromosome and the
5. Energy flow RNA found in the cell
(metabolism and nucleus and cytoplasm.
biochemistry) occurs
within cells.
7. All cells are
basically the same in 9. All cells have the
chemical composition same basic chemical
in organisms of composition.
similar species.
10. All living organisms
8. Hereditary are composed of cells
information (DNA) is and depend on cells to
passed on from cell function normally.
to cell.