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METACOGNITION
Metacognition, or the process of thinking about one’s thinking, is a critical skill for
mastering subjects like math and science. Many think that a deep understanding of an
area requires a lot of practice and memorization. However, metacognition is a process
that helps us to better understand the things we are learning and improve our own
learning. The way we think about our thinking helps us to improve our learning. A good
understanding of how we think about our thinking is what helps us to become better
learners. Learners with poor metacognition are often reluctant to try new things because
they lack confidence in their own abilities. By understanding our own thinking, we can
become more successful at learning new material.
One of the first steps to developing a strong metacognitive strategy is to become

aware of the areas in which we struggle. The more we learn, the more we can learn. We
have all been told to take notes, which we often overlook. Taking notes can be a
powerful way to help us retain and apply information. We learn best when we get
involved in the subject at hand. When we engage in a learning activity, our brains make
connections between the things we are learning and what we already know. Engaging
in an activity can make learning more enjoyable and beneficial. When we learn
something, we need to be sure we understand it. A lack of understanding can lead to
frustration and disappointment. We need to be sure we understand all of the concepts
we are learning.
Based from the video, the process of metacognition and developing its strategies
can take time to learn and master. Recall that metacognition is referred to as "thinking
about thinking" and involves overseeing whether a cognitive goal has been met. This
should be the defining criterion for determining what is metacognitive. metacognitive
strategies are used to ensure that the goal has been reached. Our ability to learn and
retain information is aided by our understanding of our own thinking. Our metacognitive
processes help us think more clearly about the concepts and ideas we are learning.
Thus, developing our thinking skills helps us to be more successful in school and in life.
LEARNER-CENTERED PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
One of the questions from the video, “Do you agree that the LEARNER is the
center of INSTRUCTION?”, my answer to that will be “Yes, I agree.” In view of the fact
that in my own opinion, learning is meaningful when topics are relevant to the students’
needs and when the students themselves are actively engaged in constructing their own
knowledge, the idea that students have a choice in what to study, and how to study. A
central assumption is that to improve educational outcomes for all learners, one has to
create a learner-centered assessment system that requires high standards for each
student for each goal, individually negotiated by the student and the teacher.
Furthermore, the principles emphasize internal psychological factors but also

consider the influence of external contextual factors in real-world learning situations.
These principles are applicable to effective schooling practices, positive mental health
of students, and more effective functioning of teachers. The principle cautioned
educators to consider the principals as an integrated set of principles that apply
holistically to learners, thus suggesting that for maximum effectiveness; applications of
individual principles should not occur in isolation. Also, these apply to all learners, from
pre-school through adulthood, and therefore include all persons involved in education
systems- teachers, administrators, teacher educators, and students at every level.
Therefore, Teaching based on these learner-centered principles would make
sure that students are active in solving problems, practicing learning strategies, making
choices, and discovering important ideas. "Learner centered" is the perspective that
couples a focus on individual learners-their heredity, experiences, perspectives,
backgrounds, talents, interests, capacities, and needs-with a focus on leaning-the best
available knowledge about learning and how it occurs and about teaching practices that
are most effective in promoting the highest levels of motivation, learning, and
achievement for all learners. This dual focus then informs and drives educational
decision making. Learner-centered is a reflection in practice of the Learner-Centered
Psychological Principles-in the programs, practices, policies, and people that support
learning for all.
EDUCATIONAL LEARNING THEORIES: COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY
“An important part of teacher education is to understand various kinds of

learning”, this phrase was stated as the video started and it reminds me the significance
of teaching in the field called “education”. successful outcomes in the classroom are
more likely when our teaching practice is underpinned by an appreciation of why things
work. The traditional pathway to becoming a distinguished educator involves a long
apprenticeship of observing and emulating colleagues as well as a process of trial and
error.
Moreover, the five (5) learning theories, namely: (1) Cognitive, (2) Behaviorism,
(3) Constructivism, (4) Humanism and (5) Connectivism Learning Theory were
presented in the video but only Cognitive Learning Theory was deeply discussed. It
emphasizes that the theory of cognitive learning describes how people learn and
understand things mentally by using their senses, experiences, and thought. As
individuals learn, they actively create cognitive structures which determine their
concepts of self and the environment.
Additionally, the specific process of learning is not the primary area of concern in
cognitive research; instead, learning is viewed as only one of the many processes
comprised by the human mind. In addition to storing information in long-term memory,
they formulate frameworks into which new information must fit in order to be
understood. Furthermore, schemata regulate attention, organize searches of the
environment, and "fill in the gaps" during information processing. Thus, the mind uses
schemata to selectively organize and process all the information individuals receive
from the world.

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METACOGNITION

One of the first steps to developing a strong metacognitive strategy is to become

Furthermore, the principles emphasize internal psychological factors but also

“An important part of teacher education is to understand various kinds of

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