The periodic table trends document summarizes how various atomic properties, such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, change both down groups and across periods on the periodic table. Specifically, it states that atomic radius increases down groups but decreases across periods, while ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity all decrease down groups but increase across periods. The document provides brief explanations for these trends based on factors like nuclear charge and electron cloud size.
The periodic table trends document summarizes how various atomic properties, such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, change both down groups and across periods on the periodic table. Specifically, it states that atomic radius increases down groups but decreases across periods, while ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity all decrease down groups but increase across periods. The document provides brief explanations for these trends based on factors like nuclear charge and electron cloud size.
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Simplified & summarized reviewer for inorganic and organic chemistry subject.
The periodic table trends document summarizes how various atomic properties, such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, change both down groups and across periods on the periodic table. Specifically, it states that atomic radius increases down groups but decreases across periods, while ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity all decrease down groups but increase across periods. The document provides brief explanations for these trends based on factors like nuclear charge and electron cloud size.
The periodic table trends document summarizes how various atomic properties, such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, change both down groups and across periods on the periodic table. Specifically, it states that atomic radius increases down groups but decreases across periods, while ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity all decrease down groups but increase across periods. The document provides brief explanations for these trends based on factors like nuclear charge and electron cloud size.
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THE PERIODIC TABLE TRENDS
PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION TREND FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING
Atoms are assumed to be spheres BY GROUP BY PERIOD Electron cloud size = Atom Radius (left to right) (top to bottom) ATOMIC RADIUS nucleus distance INCREASES DECREASES ↑ protons = stronger nucleus = ↓ radius value= 2 electron cloud size An ion is positively charged if it loses an electron and negatively Energy levels of atoms charged if it gains an electron increase as you move down a group Increased number of protons means having more force to pull nucleus in which results to decreased electron cloud size Lose electron = positive charge but smaller electron cloud Gain electron = negative charge and bigger electron cloud [reasonwhy atomic radius increases with group trend]
IONIZATION ENERGY Energy needed to remove an DECREASES INCREASES IE increases across a period as electron from an atom metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons Higher IE = more stable, harder to remove valence electron, and less reactive (like noble gases) ELECTRON AFFINITY Amount of energy released when DECREASES INCREASES PERIOD: ↑ nuclear charge = an electron is added to a neutral ↓ atom size = ↑ EA atom to form an anion GROUP: ↑ atom size = ↓ EA ELECTRONEGATIVITY Ability of an atom to attract shared DECREASES INCREASES EN in groups increase from electrons in a covalent bond bottom to top instead ↑ electronegativity = stronger attraction REACTIVITY Ability of a molecule or atom to ↑ METAL reactivity = right to undergo a chemical reaction, left (across a period), top to followed by a release in energy bottom (down a group) Dependent on classification of an ↑ NONMETAL reactivity = left element (metal and nonmetal), to right (across a period), electronegativity and ionization bottom to top (down a group) energy
NOBLE GASES Highest ionization energy Filled electron shells ZERO electron affinity and electronegativity
