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2022ME351 Midterm

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14 views

2022ME351 Midterm

Uploaded by

yulisnice
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Midterm Exam - ME351 Mechanical Vibrations

Mechanical Eng. Dept. KAIST April 19, 2022

1. (20pts) Fundamentals. For a linear SDOF (Single-Degree-of-Freedom) vibration system, indicate


the True or False of the statements below and explain why you choose such an answer. All the
reasonable explanations will be credited, but a wrong explanation will result in no credit.

1) Natural frequency is a system parameter determined by external forces (4pts).

2) If small damping is involved in the system, the resonance can occur when the excitation
frequency is larger than the undamped natural frequency (4pts).

3) Damping parameter ( ζ ) can be identified by using the exponential envelope of the free
vibration of the viscous damped system with the logarithmic decrement method (4pts).

4) The frequency response function of the system approaches zero as the excitation frequency
becomes very large (4pts).

5) The response to a general input force can be found using the convolution integral of the input
force and impulse response function of the system, even if the system is nonlinear (4pts).

1
2. (25pts) (From 2021 midterm) Free vibration of a damped system. Derive the free vibration response
x(t ) of under-damped system ( c < 2 mk ) shown in Fig. 1 with the initial conditions
x(0) = 0, v(0) = v0 as follows:

1) Derive the solution using complex number representation x(t ) = aeλt , where a, λ can be
complex numbers (15pts). (Hint: e jθ = cos θ + j sin θ )

2) Derive the same solution using the Laplace transformation listed in Table 1 (10pts).

(Hint: free vibration of under-damped SDOF system with initial conditions xo and vo is
2
 v + ζωn x0  −ζωnt   x0ωd  
2
x(t ) = x0 +  0  e sin ωd t + tan −1  
 ωd    v0 + ζωn x0  
k c
where, ωn = ,ς = , ωd = ωn 1 − ς 2
m 2 mk )
( x) = s( x) − x(0), ( 
x) = s 2( x) − sx(0) − x(0)

Table 1. Laplace transformations of time functions

2
3. (25pts) (From 2021 midterm) Base excitation and Transmissibility. Consider the base excitation
problem of the SDOF vibration system composed of mass m, stiffness k, and viscous damping c as
shown in Fig. 2. The damper is linked to the massless base moving in harmonic motion with the
magnitude of Y and excitation frequency of ω. The positions of mass x(t) and base y(t) are defined
from the static equilibrium so that the effect of gravity can be neglected.

1) Derive the equation of motion of the mass in terms of m, c, k, x(t) and y(t). (5 pts)

2) Assume steady-state harmonic response with frequency ω , derive the magnitude of


X
transmissibility from y(t) to x(t), i.e., TR (r ) = (r ) , where x (t ) = Xe jωt and
Y
c
y (t ) = Ye jωt . Express the solution with non-dimensional parameters ς = and
2 mk
ω  k 
r=  where ωn =  . (10 pts)
ωn  m 

3) Calculate the three values of TR(r ) for r = 0, 1, ∞. Draw the plot of TR(r ) versus
frequency ratio r using the calculated values ( TR(0) , TR(1) , TR(∞) ). Verify your
solutions TR(0) and TR(∞) using your own physical interpretation. (Hint: observe the
magnitude of spring and damping forces in Fig. 2 in cases of r = 0 and r = ∞). (10pts)

Fig. 2

3
4. (30pts) Impulse response, Convolution integral and Transfer function. We have a linear time-
invariant vibrating system described by a differential equation as

mx(t ) + cx (t ) + kx(t ) = f (t ) (1)

1) Derive the unit impulse response function h(t ) and transfer function H (s) , which are related
to the forced response x(t ) due to the Dirac delta function δ (t ) as input via Laplace
Transformation (10pts). (Hint: use Table 1)

2) Prove that the Laplace transform of the vibration response, i.e., X (s) is the multiplication of
transfer function H ( s) and Laplace transform of input F ( s) utilizing Laplace
transformation of equation (1) and result obtained from problem 4-1) such that

X ( s) = H ( s) F ( s) (2)

∞ ∞ ∞
(Hint: X ( s) = 
0
x(t )e− st dt , H ( s ) =  h(t )e − st dt , F ( s ) =  f (t )e− st dt ). (10pts)
0 0

3) The vibration response x(t ) to a general excitation can be found by the convolution integral
of the impulse response h(t ) of the causal system and the input function f (t ) as follows:

∞
x(t ) =  f (τ )h(t − τ )dτ (3)
0

Prove equation (2) directly from the Laplace transformation of the convolution in eq. (3). (10pts)

Bonus Problem

(5pts) Please make a mechanical vibration problem by yourself and show the solution procedure.
Any problem ideated from ME351 and proper answer will be fully credited.

- End of exam -

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