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  • Ingot Crack: Presentation By: Sudipta Das

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    This document discusses different types of cracks that can occur in steel ingots during manufacturing, including solidification cracks, panel cracks, and hanger cracks. Solidification cracks are shallow longitudinal cracks near the ingot surface caused by a thin skin layer forming from high casting speed or temperature. Panel cracks are deeper longitudinal cracks in the ingot center caused by loss of ductility from thermal expansion and contraction. Hanger cracks are transverse cracks at the ingot edges caused by unwanted protrusions in the mould. Identifying the root causes of cracks is important for implementing remedies like changing casting parameters or stripping times to improve ingot quality.

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    Ingot crack

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    This document discusses different types of cracks that can occur in steel ingots during manufacturing, including solidification cracks, panel cracks, and hanger cracks. Solidification cracks are shallow longitudinal cracks near the ingot surface caused by a thin skin layer forming from high casting speed or temperature. Panel cracks are deeper longitudinal cracks in the ingot center caused by loss of ductility from thermal expansion and contraction. Hanger cracks are transverse cracks at the ingot edges caused by unwanted protrusions in the mould. Identifying the root causes of cracks is important for implementing remedies like changing casting parameters or stripping times to improve ingot quality.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    102 views19 pages

    Ingot Crack: Presentation By: Sudipta Das

    Uploaded by

    sudipta das
    This document discusses different types of cracks that can occur in steel ingots during manufacturing, including solidification cracks, panel cracks, and hanger cracks. Solidification cracks are shallow longitudinal cracks near the ingot surface caused by a thin skin layer forming from high casting speed or temperature. Panel cracks are deeper longitudinal cracks in the ingot center caused by loss of ductility from thermal expansion and contraction. Hanger cracks are transverse cracks at the ingot edges caused by unwanted protrusions in the mould. Identifying the root causes of cracks is important for implementing remedies like changing casting parameters or stripping times to improve ingot quality.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 19

    INGOT CRACK

    Presentation by: Sudipta Das


    SIGNIFICANCE
     No rectification procedure available

     Affected ingot is to be scraped for intended use.

     Rejected ingot rarely used in small parts.


    Types of ingot crack
    A. Longitudinal crack:
     Solidification crack
     Panel crack or stress crack

    B. Transverse crack also known as Restriction crack


    or Hanger crack
    CRACK LOCATION AND APPEARANCE
    SOLIDIFICATION CRACK -
    LONGITUDINAL
    SOLIDIFICATION CRACK -
    LONGITUDINAL
    Location:
    Upper half of the ingot face

    Appearance:
     Linear zigzag pattern without branches
     Typically found one in a single ingot
     Shallow crack depth
     Mostly found in round ingot
    SOLIDIFICATION CRACK contd.

     Cause: Very thin skin/chilled layer thickness due to:


     Faster casting speed
     Excessive superheat/pouring temperature
     High mould temperature
     Lesser mould wall thickness

     Solution:
     Increase mould wall thickness (Mould wt.=1.5 ingot wt)
     Slow teeming/mould filling speed
     Minimum superheat
    Panel crack -Longitudinal
    Panel crack -Longitudinal

    Location:
    Centre of one of the ingot face or corner along
    the longitudinal axis

    Appearance:
     Usually one or two irregular longitudinal
    fracture with small branches down the centre of
    one of the ingot faces
     Extended up to considerable depth below surface

     Intergranular in nature
    Condition for crack formation
     Expanding core
     Contracting surface layer
     Non Ductile surface that is unable to deform or
    elongate
    Panel crack-Cause and mechanism
     Loss of ductility in medium temperature range 600-900°C
     Generation of stress due to thermal expansion-contraction
    and phase transformation

    n
    s io
    n
    pa
    Ex
    n
    io
    ct
    ra
    nt
    Co
    Stress generation during reheating

    Contraction: ferrite> Austenite


    Heating 750850°C

    Expansion of austenite
    Heating 850950°C
    Close look of a panel crack
     Always associated with Al Nitride layer
    sandwiched
     between ferrite bands along grain boundary
    Mechanism
    Remedy to avoid panel crack

     Early stripping and first reheating to avoid ingot


    surface temperature to fall into inter-critical
    temperature range
    or
     Delayed stripping when the ingot surface fall below
    A1 and then slow reheating
    Hanger crack/ Restriction crack - Transverse
    Hanger crack/ Restriction crack
    Cause:
     Unwanted projection or fins of ingot protruding at

    the junction of mould top and hot top

    Remedy:
     Proper sealing of mould/hot top joint by metaseal

    and smooth corners


    Thank you
    Abstruct
     Steel ingot cracking has been a big headache for the steel
    manufacturers since the rise of integrated steel plants using ingot
    as first semi-product. In majority of the cases the affected products
    are to be scrapped as there is no way to repair and salvage.
     The root cause analysis is also interesting as it can not be
    identified during its occurrence. The investigation and remedial
    actions are taken based on the localized abnormality in
    microstructure that are responsible for drastic drop in hot ductility.
     This technical talk covers brief idea about characterization of
    solidification and stress cracking of steel ingot in different course
    of its manufacturing and possible remedies.

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