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    Presentation On Mechanical Maintenance 08.05.2024

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    subrata

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    Presentation On Mechanical Maintenance 08.05.2024

    Uploaded by

    subrata
    3 views10 pages

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    Presentation on Mechanical Maintenance 08.05.2024

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views10 pages

    Presentation On Mechanical Maintenance 08.05.2024

    Uploaded by

    subrata

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Presentation on Mechanical Maintenance in

    Fertilizer & Petro Chemical Industries

    By
    Subroto Mukherjee
    Index
    • Application of Material
    • Standards,Codes
    Application of Material
    • Knowledge of materials plays an important role in Fertilizer & Petro
    Chemical Engineering Industries. Right type of material shall be
    selected for a particular service to get required life of the equipment
    with 100 % reliabilty. The selection and use of proper materials, cost
    effectiveness, minimum failure in the designed life are the direct
    responsibilities of the Mechanical Engineers in an Industry.
    • An engineer must have knowledge of nature and behavior of
    materials, its limitations for manufacturing, chemical compositions,
    mechanical properties for fabrication and effects of its alloying
    elements for the required service applications.
    • Thus the selected material for a particular service must stand up to
    dimensional stability and process of fabrication, service corrosion,
    required hardness, strength & toughness, heat resistance, fatigue &
    creep, machine ability, weld ability, heat treatments etc. All these
    properties depends upon the chemical composition, macrostructure
    and microstructure of the material.
    Continue..
    • As per ASME, materials are divided in two major groups called
    Ferrous and Non-ferrous material depending upon their alloying
    elements.
    • Ferrous materials are those in which main or base constituent is
    Iron.
    • Non-Ferrous material may or may not contain iron at all.
    Continue..

    • Ferrous material can further be divided into following categories.


    • Cast Iron,
    • Wrought iron
    • Carbon Steel(Low Carbon Steel, Medium Carbon Steel, High Carbon Steel)
    • Alloy Steels and
    • Stainless steel/Austenite Steel.
    • (Stainless steel is a special type of Alloy Steel which renders special property of
    corrosion resistance.)

    • Steel :- Steel is an alloy of mainly Iron and Carbon, which contains


    carbon upto 1.5%. The percentage of carbon exerts the most influence on
    properties of steel. Depending on the percentage of carbon in steel, its
    grades are defined as low carbon, medium carbon or carbon steels. Other
    alloying elements are further added to enhance its properties in different
    grades.
    • Low carbon steels/mild steels (up to 0.3% carbon)
    • Medium carbon steels (0.3–0.6% carbon)
    • High carbon steels (more than 0.6% carbon)
    • Stainless steels
    • Stainless steel grades are alloyed with 10–20% chromium as
    well as nickel, silicon, manganese, and carbon
    • Stainless steel is the generic name for the widely popular for
    corrosion-resistant metal alloys. There are several different
    types of stainless steel, but they have properties in common.
    When it comes to austenitic vs. martensitic, for example, the
    one commonality that they all share is a 10.5% minimum
    chromium content.
    • Depending on the material needs, other alloying elements
    such as nickel, molybdenum, or titanium can be added to
    improve corrosion resistance and to provide additional
    necessary properties that can enhance the performance of
    the metal.
    Continue..

    • Auste3nite Steel
    • Ferritic Steel
    • Martensite Steel
    • Duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels, and
    • Cast Iron :-
    • The term cast iron is a large family of ferrous alloys. In Cast Iron carbon content
    exceed 2.14% . Cast irons are multi component ferrous alloys. They contain major
    (iron, carbon, silicon)and other alloying elements. Other alloying elements are
    added for getting the improved properties for specific services.
    • Cast Iron is generally weak in tensile load and cannot be used for making items like
    fasteners, shaft, rotor etc. It is brittle in nature. But cast iron has good compression
    strength, lubrication retaining properties and dampening properties
    • Carbon in cast Iron may be found in two different forms. One is in total chemically
    combined form and another is in independent form.
    • When all carbon present in the matrix is in chemically combined condition with
    iron forming (Fe3C) iron carbide in the form of “cementite”, it is called “ white cast
    iron” .
    • When all percentage of carbon is not chemically combined with Iron and also
    exists as free carbon or graphite flakes, it is called “grey cast iron”.
    Continue
    • Ductile or Nodular Cast Iron :- When small quantity of Magnesium or Cerinum is
    added to cast iron the graphite content gets converted into nodular or spherodial
    form and gets dispersed throughout the matrix. This improves the fluidity, and thus
    excellent castings are made. Nodular cast iron has good strength, high toughness,
    wear resistance and good impact strength.
    • Forging
    • For Services in which parts are exposed to tensile strength or transmission of torque
    etc then forging are used. Forging may be in carbon steel, Stainless steel or Alloy
    Steel.
    • MARAGING STEEL :- Maraging steel is an iron based steel alloy which do not contain
    Carbon. It is known for possessing superior strength without loosing malleability. Iron
    with various proportions of alloying elements like Cobalt, Nickel as strengthening
    agents are added with Molybdenum and Titanium. It possessMaraging steel is used in
    aircraft, with applications including landing gear, helicopter undercarriages, slat tracks
    and rocket motor cases – applications which require high strength-to-weight material.
    • Maraging steel offers an unusual combination of high tensile strength and high
    fracture toughness. Most high-strength steels have low toughness, and the higher
    their strength the lower their toughness. The rare combination of high strength and
    toughness found with maraging steel makes it well suited for safety-critical aircraft
    structures that require high strength and damage tolerance.

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