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Tool up your lamp stack
- 1. Tool Up Your LAMP Stack
- 2. About Me • Lorna Mitchell • Web Development Consultant • Speaker and Author • Website: http://lornajane.net • Twitter: @lornajane 2
- 3. LAMP 3
- 4. LAMP • Linux • Apache • MySQL • PHP (or Perl, or Python) 4
- 6. Technology is not the problem 6
- 7. Technology is not the solution 7
- 8. Technology • We need good tools 8
- 9. Technology • We need good tools • They enable our workflow 8
- 10. Technology • We need good tools • They enable our workflow • They facilitate our achievements 8
- 11. Technology • We need good tools • They enable our workflow • They facilitate our achievements • They allow us to meet our deadlines 8
- 12. Technology • We need good tools • They enable our workflow • They facilitate our achievements • They allow us to meet our deadlines • They are not the silver bullet (sorry) 8
- 13. Iterative Development develop deploy 9
- 14. The Main Ingredients Preparation time: some years Ingredients: • Source control • Development platforms • Task tracking • Automated testing • Static analysis • Automated deployment • Continuous integration 10
- 15. Source Control
- 16. Source Control: Key Ingredient • Central, canonical version • Collaboration point • Historical information • what changed • when • by whom • Can include its own config 12
- 17. Source Control Tools • Subversion http://subversion.apache.org/ • Git http://git-scm.com/ • Mercurial http://mercurial.selenic.com/ 13
- 18. Branching Strategies Common patterns: • Feature branches • Version branches • Live/integration branches 14
- 19. Traditional Centralised Source Control repo checkout checkout checkout 15
- 20. Distributed Source Control repo repo repo repo repo 16
- 21. Database Version Control No silver bullet to keep code and database schema in sync Strategies: • All db changes done via script • Scripts are numbered • Database knows what numbers it already has Tools: • homespun scripts • DbDeploy http://dbdeploy.com/ • Liquibase http://www.liquibase.org/ 17
- 23. Development Platforms Requirements: • Safe area "sandpit" for developers to work • All software as-live • Isolated 19
- 24. Task Tracking
- 25. Task Tracking Once called ’bug tracking’. We can track what status everything is in. 21
- 26. Task Tracking Once called ’bug tracking’. We can track what status everything is in. Developers understand bug trackers, bug trackers understand your workflow. 21
- 27. Workflow Backlog Sprint Active Blocked Verify Complete 22
- 28. Task Tracking Tools • Pivotal Tracker http://www.pivotaltracker.com/ • GreenHopper http://www.atlassian.com/software/greenhopper/ • Trac http://trac.edgewall.org/ 23
- 30. How do you test a website ? 25
- 31. How do you test a website repeatedly ? 26
- 32. Automated Testing Gives repeatable results TDD Test-Driven Development BDD Behaviour-Driven Development 27
- 33. Automated Testing Tools • Selenium: browser-based record and play of tests • Selenium IDE http://seleniumhq.org/projects/ide/ • Selenium RC http://seleniumhq.org/projects/remote-control/ • PHPUnit: unit testing and automation • http://phpunit.de • Also generates code coverage graphs 28
- 34. My First Unit Test require_once '../src/models/MathUtilModel.php'; class MathUtilModelTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testAddNumbersWithNumbers() { $util = new MathUtilModel(); $result = $util->addNumbers(3,5); $this->assertEquals(8, $result); } } 29
- 35. Running One Test To run our tests, from the tests directory do: phpunit models/MathUtilModel Output: PHPUnit 3.5.13 by Sebastian Bergmann. . Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 3.00Mb OK (1 test, 1 assertion) 30
- 36. Testable Code • Testable code is clean and modular • Need to be able to separate elements to test • Each function does one thing • Not too many paths through the code • Dependencies are dangerous 31
- 37. Dependency Injection Passing things in or looking them up. function getData() { $db = new MyDatabaseObject(); // sql and query } function getData($db) { // sql and query } 32
- 38. Code Coverage What percentage of your code is tested? • Summary view • Drill in to see which lines are run by tests • Beware: 100% code coverage does not mean fully tested Use phpunit -coverage-html and specify where PHPUnit should write the report files Examples from http://jenkins.joind.in 33
- 39. Code Coverage 34
- 40. Code Coverage 35
- 41. Static Analysis
- 42. Static Analysis Evaluating code without running it Allows us to check for quality, commenting, coding standards 37
- 43. Static Analysis Tools • PHP Code Sniffer: checks for coding standards • http://pear.php.net/PHP_CodeSniffer • PHP Mess Detector: detects ’bad smells’ • http://phpmd.org/ • PHP Lines of Code: project size, class count • https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phploc 38
- 44. phploc Sample Output (joind.in) Directories: 32 Files: 213 Lines of Code (LOC): 21339 Cyclomatic Complexity / Lines of Code: 0.10 Comment Lines of Code (CLOC): 4908 Non-Comment Lines of Code (NCLOC): 16431 Namespaces: 0 Interfaces: 0 Classes: 87 Abstract: 1 (1.15%) Concrete: 86 (98.85%) Average Class Length (NCLOC): 116 Methods: 532 Scope: Non-Static: 532 (100.00%) Static: 0 (0.00%) Visibility: Public: 501 (94.17%) Non-Public: 31 (5.83%) Average Method Length (NCLOC): 18 39
- 45. API Documentation Another form of static analysis is to generate documentation • Commented documentation in each file, class, function • Automatically generate into readable documents • Tools: • PHPDocumentor http://www.phpdoc.org/ • DocBlox http://www.docblox-project.org/ 40
- 46. API Documentation 41
- 47. PHPCS Examples Install: pear install PHP_CodeSniffer Run: phpcs --standard=PEAR example.php Examples taken from http://bit.ly/kedQrU 42
- 48. PHPCS Examples Source code: class recipe { protected $_id; public $name; public $prep_time; function getIngredients() { $ingredients = Ingredients::fetchAllById($this->_id); return $ingredients; } } 43
- 49. PHPCS Examples Sniffer output: FILE: /home/lorna/phpcs/recipe.class.php ---------------------------------------------------------------------- FOUND 8 ERROR(S) AND 0 WARNING(S) AFFECTING 5 LINE(S) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 | ERROR | Missing file doc comment 3 | ERROR | Class name must begin with a capital letter 3 | ERROR | Missing class doc comment 6 | ERROR | Protected member variable "_id" must not be prefixed wit | | underscore 12 | ERROR | Missing function doc comment 12 | ERROR | Opening brace should be on a new line 13 | ERROR | Line indented incorrectly; expected at least 8 spaces, f 13 | ERROR | Spaces must be used to indent lines; tabs are not allowe ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
- 51. Automated Deployment • How many times do you deploy an agile project? 46
- 52. Automated Deployment • How many times do you deploy an agile project? • Fast • Hardened • Painless • Repeatable 46
- 53. Automated Deployment Tools • Phing/Ant: easy automated build scripts • http://phing.info/ • http://ant.apache.org/ • Capistrano (or Webistrano): scripted releases (with web interface) • https://github.com/capistrano/capistrano 47
- 54. Automating Deployment: Why • Minimise mistakes • Save time on each deploy • Better than documentation • Reliable process - use for different platforms • Scope for rollback 48
- 55. Automating Deployment: What • Application code • minimal downtime or time in an inconsistent state • easy rollback • additional setup steps (upload files, etc) also automated • Database • apply database patches • include rollback patches • Config changes • useful for large or complex sites • config deploys separately, can update quickly and easily 49
- 56. Code Deployment • Get a clean copy of code • Place in new directory on server • Perform any other preparation tasks • Change symlink in web directory to point to new version • Tools: shell script or ant/phing 50
- 57. Config Deployment • Exactly like code deployment • Application needs to be designed with this in mind • Default to live config • Environment variables set in vhost 51
- 58. Phing Example <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project name="example" basedir="." default="deploy"> <property name="builddir" value="./build" /> <property name="appdir" value="./build/code" /> <tstamp><format property="date" pattern="%Y%m%d-%H%M" /></tsta <target name="deploy" depends="clean, prepare, export, putlive <target name="export"> <exec command="svn export ${repo} ${appdir}/${date}" /> </target> <target name="putlive"> <exec command="scp -r ${appdir}/${date} ${destination} > ${builddir}/logs/scp.log" /> </target> 52
- 59. Phing Example Cont’d <target name="clean"> <delete dir="${builddir}" /> </target> <target name="prepare"> <mkdir dir="${builddir}" /> <mkdir dir="${builddir}/logs" /> </target> </project> Phing can also handle upload directories, database versioning, other deployment recipe steps and post deploy tasks 53
- 61. Continuous Integration The glue that holds everything together! • Source control commit triggers: • Static analysis tools • Automated tests • Document generation • CI system centralises: • Deployment (to various platforms) • Other tasks, cron jobs • Centralised dashboard and reporting 55
- 62. Continuous Integration Tools • Jenkins (née Hudson) • http://jenkins-ci.org/ • PHPUnderControl (PHP-specific CruiseControl project) • http://phpundercontrol.org/ 56
- 63. Tool Up Your LAMP Stack
- 64. The Main Ingredients for LAMP Preparation time: some years Ingredients: • Source control • Development platforms • Task tracking • Automated testing • Static analysis • Automated deployment • Continuous integration 58
- 65. Questions?
- 66. Thanks • Website: http://lornajane.net • Twitter: @lornajane 60
- 67. Image Credits • LAMP http://www.flickr.com/photos/sewpixie/2059308961 • Sandpit http://www.flickr.com/photos/giltastic/3159081924 61