Here is the first in a series of images that follows the design process of building permaculture swales. This is preceded by an intro about ancient knowledge of patterns and what they left behind,
Introduction and classification of Wetlands
Important Components of Constructed Wetland
Types and Working Principle of Constructed Wetlands
Advantages and Limitations
Description: Constructed Wetlands are treatment system that use natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soil and their associated microbial assemblages to improve water quality.
Xeriscape By Design - Fort Collins, ColoradoEric851q
Xeriscaping is a landscaping concept that focuses on water conservation. It involves designing landscapes using plants that are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions to reduce or eliminate the need for irrigation once established. The key principles of xeriscaping include proper planning and design, soil preparation and improvement, efficient irrigation, use of mulch, and appropriate maintenance. By following these principles, homeowners can create attractive, colorful landscapes that use water efficiently and are compatible with Colorado's semi-arid climate.
The document discusses various methods of irrigation including surface, subsurface, sprinkler, and trickle irrigation. Surface irrigation methods include uncontrolled flooding, border strip, check, basin, and furrow irrigation. Subsurface irrigation applies water directly below the soil surface. Sprinkler irrigation sprays water into the air to fall on the soil surface. Trickle irrigation uses drippers to supply water directly to the soil at low rates. The choice of irrigation method depends on factors like field size/shape, soil characteristics, water availability, crop type, costs, and farmer experience.
The document discusses soil constituents and their proportions, including minerals, organic matter, water, and air. It describes the mineral components of soil in detail, including primary and secondary minerals. It also explains concepts such as soil water potential, classes of soil water, field capacity, permanent wilting point, and available moisture. The water requirements of crops are defined as the total quantity and timing of water needed from sowing to harvest, which can vary by crop and location. Irrigation may be necessary where rainfall is insufficient or unreliable to meet crop water needs.
Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatmentKonark Mehra
Constructed wetlands are artificial wastewater treatment systems that use natural processes to treat water. They consist of shallow cells planted with vegetation where wastewater is treated through sedimentation, filtration, and microbial processes. There are two main types - surface flow wetlands where water flows over the soil, and subsurface flow wetlands where water flows below the soil within a saturated media. Subsurface flow wetlands have advantages over surface flow wetlands as they have no exposed water surface, fewer odors, treat wastewater more efficiently in smaller areas, and perform better in colder climates. Constructed wetlands are effective at reducing parameters like BOD, TSS, nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliforms from
The document discusses watershed management. A watershed is an area of land that drains water to a common point such as a river, lake, or ocean. Factors like soil type, vegetation, and terrain influence how quickly water drains within a watershed. Watershed management is important for sustainable development as it helps manage water resources, recharge groundwater, and increase food production and livelihoods. Benefits of watershed management include water collection and supply, flood prevention, employment opportunities, and potential for tourism.
Irrigation water management for water management in high water table areas & canal irrigation management, water logging, Drainage system, Canal irrigation management, farmer's participation in management, Water users organization(WUA),
Landscaping options like xeriscaping and zeroscaping conserve water and require low maintenance. Xeriscaping uses drought-tolerant plants and rocks in an attractive design, while zeroscaping focuses on rocks with few plants. Both save water, money, and resources. Developing a plan, conditioning soil, limiting lawn size, efficient irrigation, and using mulch are principles for waterwise landscaping. Local resources provide more information on creating conservation-minded landscapes.
This document discusses irrigation water management and drainage systems. It covers the causes of waterlogging including over-irrigation, inadequate drainage, and obstruction of natural drainage. The effects of waterlogging like reduced plant growth and increased soil salinity are also outlined. Various measures to prevent waterlogging are then described such as controlling irrigation intensity, providing drainage systems, lining canals, and adopting better irrigation practices. Finally, the importance of properly-designed drainage systems to prevent and remedy waterlogging is highlighted.
CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHED: size, shape; physiography, slope, climate, drainage, land use, vegetation, geology and soils, hydrology and hydrogeology, socio-economic characteristics, basic data on watersheds.
Water use efficiency (WUE) refers to the amount of plant material produced per unit of water used and can be measured at the leaf, plant, or ecosystem level. There are several approaches to measuring WUE including gravimetric methods, gas exchange measurements, carbon isotope discrimination analysis, and considerations of irrigation aspects. Higher WUE occurs when stomatal conductance and photosynthesis are lowest, ambient water vapor concentration is higher, leaf temperature is lower, or ambient CO2 concentration is increased. Studies have used relationships between WUE and carbon isotope discrimination to identify genotypes in crops like groundnuts and understand genetic control of WUE in plants like sunflower under drought conditions.
Fertilizer and nutrient management in temperate and subtropicalDEEPA T
This document discusses nutrient management for various temperate and subtropical fruit trees. It provides fertilizer recommendations for different fruit classes and varieties, addressing how pruning, rootstocks, disease, soil drainage and other factors influence fertilizer needs. Recommendations are given for common fruits like apple, pear, citrus and berries. Nutrient requirements generally increase with tree age and size. Nitrogen plays a key role in growth and yield while phosphorus and potassium also influence fruit quality and tree health.
Topics:
1, Introduction to Irrigation
2. Methods of Irrigation
3. Indian Agricultural Soils
4. Methods of Improving Soil Fertility & Crop Rotation
5. Soil-Water-Plant Relationship
6. Duty and Delta
7. Depth and Frequency of Irrigation
8. Irrigation Efficiency and Water Logging
This document summarizes four main irrigation methods: surface irrigation (flooding), sprinkler irrigation (applying water under pressure), drip or trickle irrigation (applying water slowly to the soil), and sub-surface irrigation (flooding water underground). Surface irrigation is the most widely used method, covering 90% of irrigated land. Sprinkler irrigation is ideal for scarce water areas. Drip irrigation conserves water, controls weeds, and applies water at a slow rate matching crop needs. Sub-surface irrigation is used where soil and topography allow watering underground.
Principles of fertilizer application (IGKV RAIPUR C.G)Rahul Raj Tandon
This document discusses principles of fertilizer application, including:
1. Fertilizers should be applied at the proper time, in the right manner, and with consideration of crop nutrient requirements, methods of application, economics, and soil/crop factors.
2. Methods of application include broadcasting, placement, localized placement, band placement, liquid application, foliar application, fertigation, and injection into soil.
3. The appropriate method depends on the fertilizer type, soil type, and crop nutrient needs and growth stages.
Irrigation & Water Requirements of Vegetable Crops munishsharma0255
This document discusses irrigation and water requirements for vegetable crops. It begins by explaining that crop water requirements depend on evapotranspiration and climatic factors, while irrigation requirements also consider the irrigation system and soil characteristics. It then discusses different irrigation methods like surface, drip, sprinkler and central pivot irrigation. It explains that the choice of irrigation method depends on natural conditions, crop type, experience, labor and costs/benefits. The document also provides details on water demands based on crop type, growth stage, soil and season. It outlines critical moisture periods and drought tolerance for various crops.
Principles of irrigation by Dr Thomas Abraham_Course Code_Chapters 1 to 5__26...Ambo University (Ethiopia)
Irrigation involves applying water to crops to supplement rainfall and meet crop water needs. The key objectives of irrigation are to ensure sufficient soil moisture for plant growth, provide drought protection for crops, and create a favorable environment for plants. Irrigation maximizes crop yields and land productivity, ensuring food security and promoting regional economic development through agriculture and related industries.
Constructed wetlands are small artificial wastewater treatment systems consisting of one or more shallow treatment cells, with herbaceous vegetation that flourish in saturated or flooded cells.
The document discusses storm water collection and its components. It begins by defining storm water and its sources, such as roof water and surface water. It then describes various components of storm water collection, including green roofs, bioretention areas, pervious pavements, infiltration trenches, and infiltration basins. Each component is defined and its benefits and limitations are provided. The document concludes that implementing storm water collection components can help address issues of water scarcity by allowing more water to infiltrate into the ground.
Here is a sheet used for cataloguing info about a site as the analysis and assessment phase of the design process unfolds. It includes the client interview, info about the site, and about social systems. It is used in combination with the final design project of our PDC's or separately for general design work.
The design process and project guidelines we use in our PDC's. It is used in combination with our PP on this topic so that students can see visual interpretations as well. It also relies on the Holistic Site Analysis Doc that gives students a framework for cataloguing their analysis and assessment phase.
Basemap creation using PowerPoint as a design tool in combination with GIS services, the final slides are getting into flow analysis, still a work in progress
This document provides an introduction to XML, EAD, and the EAD Editor. It discusses XML as a meta-language for defining markup languages with meaningful tags. It introduces EAD as an XML standard for encoding archival finding aids, allowing them to be indexed, searched, and shared across systems. The document outlines some benefits of EAD including facilitating data exchange and interoperability between archives.
This is the slideshow i am using now (2013) to open design courses. This part goes over a bit of my background, a bit of history and inspiration for permaculture and its development, and the state of the world. It also begins to explore how permaculture is manifested in the world, which is a reflection of the 14 chapters of the Designers manual which acts as a framework for how the course is structured.
A view into the Patterns of Nature and their role in Ecology and their application in Permaculture. From the smallest energy to the existence of galaxies, there are always wholes within wholes, fractals, and a pulsation that occurs, the wave pattern. This slideshow examines how we can use these patterns in our rehabilitation work of life on Earth.
The document discusses creating and maintaining healthy soils for sustainable landscapes. It emphasizes the importance of soil ecosystem services like water retention and nutrient cycling. It provides tips for developing a soil management plan that preserves existing soil and uses compost to restore soil structure and fertility. The final sections encourage testing soils, using compost, cover crops, and compost tea to nourish soils without tilling or chemicals. The overall message is that healthy soil is key to sustainable landscapes.
The document discusses low impact development (LID) as a more sustainable approach to land development and stormwater management that aims to mimic natural hydrology. It outlines various LID techniques like narrower streets, bioretention areas, permeable paving, green roofs, and rain barrels that can reduce runoff and treat pollutants on-site in a decentralized manner. Implementing LID provides environmental, community, and local government benefits like protecting water resources, reducing infrastructure costs, and preserving open spaces.
This document provides guidance on growing your own food through gardening. It discusses selecting a garden site with sunlight and good drainage. The importance of healthy soil is explained, including soil composition, testing soil pH, and using fertilizers and compost to provide essential nutrients to plants. Tips are provided on planting, irrigation, and gardening techniques like raised beds and lasagna gardening which build soil without tilling. The summary concludes by stating the document gives instructions for creating the optimal environment for plant roots through soil preparation and maintenance.
This document discusses the importance and benefits of soilless culture in fruit cultivation. It begins by outlining challenges facing Indian farmers like drought, pollution, and lack of irrigation. Soilless culture is presented as a solution that uses less water and resources while improving yields. Various soilless techniques are described, including solution culture/hydroponics, solid media methods using materials like coconut coir and rockwool, and aeroponics. Key benefits are greater control over nutrition, diseases, water use, and predictable yields. Common crops grown soilless include tomatoes, lettuce, and strawberries. The conclusion emphasizes soilless culture can boost yields while reducing environmental impacts of agriculture.
Water is essential for life and makes up most of the Earth's surface and living things. It is involved in critical processes like transporting nutrients and regulating temperatures. However, water quality and availability are threatened by pollution, erosion, and improper land management. Conservation practices that protect soil and water resources, like crop rotation, terracing, and limiting runoff, are needed to ensure sustainable access to fresh water.
The document discusses the global water cycle and water usage. It notes that 71% of the Earth's surface is water, with 97% being salt water and 3% fresh water. Most fresh water is frozen or located underground. It then outlines different components of the water cycle like precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and percolation. It also summarizes different sources of water like rivers, lakes, groundwater, and wells. The document concludes by discussing issues like water pollution, conservation efforts, and solutions to water scarcity.
Native Landscaping info and Water Conservation info for presentation for Rockdale Intermediate schools. They needed a speaker from the Master Naturalists chapter we are part of to come discuss use of Native Plants and Water Conservation in the Garden Space. This is the information we provided as a speaker and stayed to discuss volunteer projects as well.
Xeriscape Landscape Water Conservation - Bexar County Youth Gardens ProgramEric851q
This document discusses the principles of Xeriscape landscaping to conserve water in Texas landscapes. The seven principles are planning and design, soil analysis and preparation, practical turf areas, appropriate plant selection, efficient irrigation, use of mulches, and appropriate maintenance. By incorporating these principles, homeowners can help preserve water resources through landscape design and practices that reduce water usage.
The document provides an overview of sustainable stormwater management and low impact development (LID). It discusses the importance of effective stormwater management given finite freshwater resources. It describes the paradigm shift from conventional stormwater approaches to LID, which aims to maintain pre-development hydrologic functions through decentralized small-scale controls like bioretention and permeable pavements. LID can provide multiple benefits including reduced infrastructure costs, improved water quality and more.
Xeriscape Landscape Water Conservation - Texas A&M UniversityEric851q
1. Planning and design is the starting point for any water-wise landscape. Soil analysis will determine whether the soil should be improved so it will absorb and hold moisture better. Practical turf areas are neither too large (turfgrass requires more water than other plants) nor difficult to water efficiently.
2. Appropriate plant selection keeps the landscape more in tune with the natural environment. Native plants generally use less water than exotic plants, but there is room for both in a well-designed landscape.
3. Efficient irrigation can save 30 to 50 percent of the water bill for an average home. Use mulches in flower and shrub beds to reduce water evaporation from the soil. Appropriate
Constructed wetlands are a low-cost option for wastewater treatment that uses natural processes to remove pollutants. There are three main types: surface flow wetlands with exposed water, and horizontal and vertical subsurface flow wetlands where water flows below ground. Wetlands are effective at removing organic matter, solids, nutrients, and pathogens through sedimentation, filtration, microbial action, and plant uptake. They provide benefits like wildlife habitat and require little energy or maintenance compared to mechanical treatment systems. Literature shows that wetlands can achieve high removal rates of 70% or more for BOD, TSS, and bacteria while lowering costs and nutrients for water reuse.
Drip irrigation is an efficient irrigation method that saves water and fertilizer. It works by slowly dripping water through a network of valves, pipes, tubing and emitters directly to the root zones of plants. It has numerous advantages like minimizing water loss, promoting healthy plant growth, controlling weeds and reducing pest problems. A drip irrigation system consists of main components like water source, pumping system, distribution system, drip tape, injectors and filtration system. When properly designed and managed, drip irrigation provides higher crop yields with less water and fertilizer compared to other irrigation methods.
Characteristic of crop and farming system affecting irrigation management RamnathPotai
Ramnath Potai presents on characteristics of irrigation and farming systems affecting irrigation management. Key factors to consider when selecting an irrigation system include soil type, topography, water resources, crop selection, and economic conditions. Surface irrigation methods include basin, border and furrow irrigation. Other methods discussed are drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and automatic irrigation systems. Farming systems combine appropriate enterprises like crops, livestock, and forestry. Components like soil type, topography, water availability, crop and livestock selection, labor, and economic conditions interact with and affect irrigation management.
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, ColoradoEric832w
The document discusses xeriscaping, a landscaping concept developed in Colorado to conserve water usage. Xeriscaping uses drought-tolerant plants and efficient irrigation systems to create landscapes that require little supplemental water. It incorporates seven principles: design with different water use zones, efficient irrigation, mulch, soil preparation, appropriate use of turf, low water use plants, and maintenance. By following these principles, homeowners can have attractive, colorful landscapes while conserving water resources.
water shed management, its objectives ,factors effecting water shed management, perspective of watershed management ,organizational setup, steps in water shed management, classification of watershed, component and practices of water shed management
Helping the Environment While Enhancing the Beauty of Your Yard - Rain Gardens Fact Sheet ~ Lynn Have River, Virginia
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Gray vs. Green: The Role of Watershed-scale Green Infrastructure Systems for ...Mcrpc Staff
This document discusses the role of green infrastructure systems for managing wastewater at a watershed scale. It begins by outlining the historical patterns of water movement through uplands and lowlands, and how contemporary development has reversed these patterns. It then describes various green infrastructure strategies that can replicate natural hydrology, including green roofs, porous pavements, bio-retention systems, rainwater harvesting, wastewater recycling, and native landscaping. The document provides examples of these strategies and concludes by discussing a new paradigm in wastewater treatment using lagoons and floating mats of bacteria to polish wastewater in a low-cost, low-energy manner.
This presentation is linked to our design process that we use for the final presentations of our Permaculture Design Course. It also relates to how we do project development and gives visuals for the design process based on past design work and other students work during this final project period.
This document discusses the application of permaculture design principles across multiple contexts including re-afforestation, broad-acre landscapes, suburbs, urban areas, food and nutrition, aquaculture, animal husbandry, appropriate technology, housing, and building.
This is the slideshow i am using now (2013) to open design courses. This part goes over a bit of my background, a bit of history and inspiration for permaculture and its development, and the state of the world. It also begins to explore how permaculture is manifested in the world which is a reflection of the 14 chapters of the Designers manual which acts as a framework for how the course is structured.
This document discusses edible landscaping through perennial and annual plants, herbs, trees, and berries that provide food and nutritional benefits. It also covers creating sustainable soil through composting, cover cropping, and nitrogen-fixing plants. The document promotes using biological resources like chickens, and infrastructure like trellises to enhance yields while reflecting natural patterns.
This is part 1 of a slideshow i delivered at the mountain homesteading festival concerning the zones closest to the house. It goes over information about landscaping itself and the integration of food plants and the support species to make it a holistic permaculture design. It also addresses soil and water issues. Part 1 focuses on the broad patterns of why and how and the integration of permaculture design. It zooms to more detail on water harvesting and also starts to look at plant selection and arrangement.
This slideshow details the final project of the 72 hour Permaculture Design course. It shows examples from past students as well as integrating the step by step process.
The document describes how earth ships use recycled materials, solar and thermal energy, water harvesting, wastewater treatment, and food production. Specifically, it discusses using tires, cans, bottles for construction materials. It also explains how earth ships use solar and thermal energy for heating, cooling, and electricity. Additionally, it covers harvesting water and treating wastewater on site. Finally, it mentions using the structures for food production.
Examples of housing using natural materials including stabilized earth block bricks, thatching, and Earth bag homes. Examples come from India, New Zealand, and Costa Rica
This Permaculture Presentation is the introduction to the context of Tropical Permaculture. There are many challenges that we face there including the complex social dynamic caused by colonialism and the mix of religions. Rapid growth and disease are just a few of the examples of the context of design within tropical Permaculture.
This part of the presentation looks at the economic possibilities of tropical Permaculture locations. From herbal medicine to tree nursery to eco-tourism, there are lots of possibilities to have multiple income streams.
Tropical permaculture3 soil building techniques and housingDoug Crouch
This Permaculture slideshow goes through soil building techniques laid out by Bill Mollison in his book A Designer's Manual. These include earthworks, creating complex and multistoried plant systems, recycling detritus and banana circles, using aquatic weeds biomass, recycling crop wastes and animal manures, designing in hedgerow and mulch plants, and using green manures and ground covers. We also briefly look at housing and energy systems of the tropics.
A look at the ecology behind pond systems design to feed fish lower on the trophic scale- i.e. tilapia but also could be panfish or perch. This presentation goes through different species of aquatic plants and their habitats as well as the other players in the ecological food web of a pond. THis includes how land based Permaculture systems interface with these aquatic cultivated ecologies.
Perma aquaculture2- water quality and design parametersDoug Crouch
A continuing look at aquaculture systems and how water quality and design affects each other. Temperature, oxygen, sediment, habitat, and more is included in this presentation
Examples of pics from aquaculture systems I have created and witnessed including a couple of tyre ponds I put together with some folks in Bulgaria, the pond system i worked on in Costa Rica, the amazing chinampa system I saw in Bocas del Toro, Panama, and finally my families land Crouch's Treasure Lake.
The document appears to be a site assessment and design plan for a property located at Parkwalk Drive in Cincinnati, Ohio. It includes a map of the property with topographic lines, existing vegetation and structures. The map legend defines various zones including annual gardens, perennial gardens, trees, a deck, terrace walls and swales. The document also contains sections assessing climate, landform, water, legal issues, access, vegetation and wildlife, microclimate, buildings and infrastructure, zones of use, soil and aesthetics of the property to inform the design of permaculture gardens and plantings. Phased plans are outlined for the initial vegetable garden, and subsequent additions of raspberries, grapes and gooseberries.
This document outlines plans for a back porch design for Park and Vine in Over-the-Rhine, Cincinnati. The goals are to provide more outdoor seating for customers, continue the retail space and experience inside, and demonstrate permaculture design principles with both ornamental and functional plants. The design includes measurements for stairs, railings, plant racks, shelving, and a door to access a proposed retail space for plant sales.
The document provides information on calculating the catchment area, runoff volume, and water holding capacity of swales for different surfaces. It gives the catchment area and runoff calculations for examples like a Walmart parking lot and corn/soybean fields in Iowa. It also lists Brad Lancaster's 7 principles of rainwater harvesting with earthworks which focus on observing water flows, starting at high points, slowing and spreading water, planning overflow routes, using living groundcover, and getting strategies to serve multiple functions through reassessment.
This document provides guidance on conducting a site analysis and assessment to connect project goals to the existing site conditions. The analysis breaks the site into components to understand relationships, while the assessment assigns value and interpretations. Key steps include making thematic observations about landform, water, vegetation, and other aspects at varying scales of permanence. Observations are distinguished from interpretations. All important data is summarized onto one overlay, describing current reality and implications for design in relation to the goals. A thorough analysis and assessment lays the foundation for decision-making in the design phase.
The document discusses various climatic factors that affect plant and animal life as well as human structures and design. These factors include the orbits of the Earth, sun and moon; the composition of the atmosphere; and natural phenomena like volcanism, ocean currents, and the magnetic field. Specific climate types are also outlined such as tropical, temperate, polar, arid and desert. When examining climate, it is important to understand what types of plants and animals can thrive and how to structure human settlements based on the climate. Climate data like rainfall totals and temperature extremes should inform design approaches.
7. VisionParkwalk Permaculture Project aims to collect all rainwater runoff for the purpose of cleansing the runoff while also providing water for associated plantings. We seek to store water mostly in the ground but also some in tanks.