Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/3623278.3624751acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesasplosConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

Exploiting the Regular Structure of Modern Quantum Architectures for Compiling and Optimizing Programs with Permutable Operators

Published: 07 February 2024 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    A critical feature in today's quantum circuit is that they have permutable two-qubit operators. The flexibility in ordering the permutable two-qubit gates leads to more compiler optimization opportunities. However, it also imposes significant challenges due to the additional degree of freedom. Our Contributions are two-fold. We first propose a general methodology that can find structured solutions for scalable quantum hardware. It breaks down the complex compilation problem into two sub-problems that can be solved at small scale. Second, we show how such a structured method can be adapted to practical cases that handle sparsity of the input problem graphs and the noise variability in real hardware. Our evaluation evaluates our method on IBM and Google architecture coupling graphs for up to 1,024 qubits and demonstrate better result in both depth and gate count - by up to 72% reduction in depth, and 66% reduction in gate count. Our real experiments on IBM Mumbai show that we can find better expected minimal energy than the state-of-the-art baseline.

    References

    [1]
    Our open sourced optimal mapper, https://github.com/ata-pattern/ata-pattern.
    [2]
    The IBM Quantum Heavy Hex Lattice, may 2022.
    [3]
    Mahabubul Alam, Abdullah Ash-Saki, and Swaroop Ghosh. Circuit compilation methodologies for quantum approximate optimization algorithm. In 2020 53rd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO), pages 215--228, 2020.
    [4]
    Mahabubul Alam, Abdullah Ash Saki, and Swaroop Ghosh. An Efficient Circuit Compilation Flow for Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm. In Proceedings of the 57th ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference, DAC '20. IEEE Press, 2020.
    [5]
    K. E. Batcher. Sorting networks and their applications. In Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, Spring Joint Computer Conference, AFIPS '68 (Spring), page 307--314, New York, NY, USA, 1968. Association for Computing Machinery.
    [6]
    Michal Bidlo and Michal Dobeš. Evolutionary development of growing generic sorting networks by means of rewriting systems. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 24(2):232--244, 2020.
    [7]
    Jerry Chow, Blake Johnson, Jay Gambetta, Rachel Zuckerman Sarango, and Saul. Ibm's roadmap for scaling quantum technology, Feb 2021.
    [8]
    Edward Farhi, Jeffrey Goldstone, Sam Gutmann, and Leo Zhou. The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Model at Infinite Size. Quantum, 6:759, jul 2022.
    [9]
    Edward Farhi and Aram W Harrow. Quantum supremacy through the quantum approximate optimization algorithm. arXiv preprint arXiv:1602.07674, 2016.
    [10]
    Richard P Feynman. Simulating physics with computers. International journal of theoretical physics, 21(6/7):467--488, 1982.
    [11]
    Aric Hagberg, Pieter Swart, and Daniel S Chult. Exploring network structure, dynamics, and function using NetworkX. Technical report, Los Alamos National Lab.(LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States), 2008.
    [12]
    IBM. IBM Quantum System.
    [13]
    Ian D Kivlichan, Jarrod McClean, Nathan Wiebe, Craig Gidney, Alá n Aspuru-Guzik, Garnet Kin-Lic Chan, and Ryan Babbush. Quantum Simulation of Electronic Structure with Linear Depth and Connectivity. Physical Review Letters, 120(11), mar 2018.
    [14]
    Donald E. Knuth. The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 3: (2nd Ed.) Sorting and Searching. Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., USA, 1998.
    [15]
    Lingling Lao and Dan E Browne. 2QAN: A quantum compiler for 2-local qubit Hamiltonian simulation algorithms, 2021.
    [16]
    Lingling Lao and Dan E Browne. 2QAN: A Quantum Compiler for 2-Local Qubit Hamiltonian Simulation Algorithms. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, ISCA '22, pages 351--365, New York, NY, USA, 2022. Association for Computing Machinery.
    [17]
    Lingling Lao, Prakash Murali, Margaret Martonosi, and Dan Browne. Designing calibration and expressivity-efficient instruction sets for quantum computing. In 2021 ACM/IEEE 48th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), pages 846--859. IEEE, 2021.
    [18]
    Gushu Li, Yufei Ding, and Yuan Xie. Tackling the qubit mapping problem for NISQ-era quantum devices. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 1001--1014. ACM, 2019.
    [19]
    Gushu Li, Anbang Wu, Yunong Shi, Ali Javadi-Abhari, Yufei Ding, and Yuan Xie. Paulihedral: A Generalized Block-Wise Compiler Optimization Framework for Quantum Simulation Kernels. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, ASPLOS 2022, pages 554--569, New York, NY, USA, 2022. Association for Computing Machinery.
    [20]
    Abtin Molavi, Amanda Xu, Martin Diges, Lauren Pick, Swamit Tannu, and Aws Albarghouthi. Qubit mapping and routing via maxsat, 2022.
    [21]
    Prakash Murali, Jonathan M Baker, Ali Javadi-Abhari, Frederic T Chong, and Margaret Martonosi. Noise-Adaptive Compiler Mappings for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, ASPLOS '19, pages 1015--1029, New York, NY, USA, 2019. ACM.
    [22]
    Bryan O'Gorman, William J Huggins, Eleanor G Rieffel, and K Birgitta Whaley. Generalized swap networks for near-term quantum computing, 2019.
    [23]
    William D Oliver and Paul B Welander. Materials in superconducting quantum bits. MRS Bulletin, 38(10):816--825, 2013.
    [24]
    Felix Petersen, Christian Borgelt, Hilde Kuehne, and Oliver Deussen. Differentiable sorting networks for scalable sorting and ranking supervision. 2021.
    [25]
    QISKit: Open Source Quantum Information Science Kit. No Title. \url{https://https://qiskit.org/}.
    [26]
    Rigetti. RigettiQPU, 2020.
    [27]
    Marcos Yukio Siraichi, Vin\'\icius Fernandes dos Santos, Caroline Collange, and Fernando Magno Quintão Pereira. Qubit Allocation as a Combination of Subgraph Isomorphism and Token Swapping. Proc. ACM Program. Lang., 3(OOPSLA), oct 2019.
    [28]
    Marcos Yukio Siraichi, Vin\'\icius Fernandes dos Santos, Sylvain Collange, and Fernando Magno Quintão Pereira. Qubit allocation. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization, pages 113--125. ACM, 2018.
    [29]
    Seyon Sivarajah, Silas Dilkes, Alexander Cowtan, Will Simmons, Alec Edgington, and Ross Duncan. t|ket>: a retargetable compiler for nisq devices. Quantum Science and Technology, 6(1):14003, nov 2020.
    [30]
    Bochen Tan and Jason Cong. Optimal Layout Synthesis for Quantum Computing. In Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, ICCAD '20, New York, NY, USA, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery.
    [31]
    Swamit S Tannu and Moinuddin K Qureshi. Not All Qubits Are Created Equal: A Case for Variability-Aware Policies for NISQ-Era Quantum Computers. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, ASPLOS '19, pages 987--999, New York, NY, USA, 2019. ACM.
    [32]
    Abraham Waksman. A permutation network. J. ACM, 15(1):159--163, jan 1968.
    [33]
    Johannes Weidenfeller, Lucia C. Valor, Julien Gacon, Caroline Tornow, Luciano Bello, Stefan Woerner, and Daniel J. Egger. Scaling of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm on superconducting qubit based hardware, 2022.
    [34]
    Robert Wille, Lukas Burgholzer, and Alwin Zulehner. Mapping quantum circuits to IBM QX architectures using the minimal number of SWAP and H operations. In Proceedings of the 56th Annual Design Automation Conference 2019, page 142. ACM, 2019.
    [35]
    Chi Zhang, Ari B Hayes, Longfei Qiu, Yuwei Jin, Yanhao Chen, and Eddy Z Zhang. Time-Optimal Qubit Mapping. ASPLOS 2021, pages 360--374, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery.
    [36]
    Alwin Zulehner, Alexandru Paler, and Robert Wille. An efficient methodology for mapping quantum circuits to the IBM QX architectures. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 38(7):1226--1236, 2018.
    [37]
    Alwin Zulehner, Alexandru Paler, and Robert Wille. Efficient mapping of quantum circuits to the IBM QX architectures. In 2018 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pages 1135--1138. IEEE, 2018.

    Index Terms

    1. Exploiting the Regular Structure of Modern Quantum Architectures for Compiling and Optimizing Programs with Permutable Operators

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Conferences
      ASPLOS '23: Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 4
      March 2023
      430 pages
      ISBN:9798400703942
      DOI:10.1145/3623278
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

      Sponsors

      In-Cooperation

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 07 February 2024

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. quantum circuit compilation
      2. QAOA
      3. circuit fidelity

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article

      Funding Sources

      Conference

      ASPLOS '23

      Acceptance Rates

      Overall Acceptance Rate 535 of 2,713 submissions, 20%

      Upcoming Conference

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • 0
        Total Citations
      • 237
        Total Downloads
      • Downloads (Last 12 months)237
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)54

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      View Options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Get Access

      Login options

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media