- Klaudy Kinga, Professor of Linguistics and Translation Studies at the Department of Translation and Interpreting, Eöt... moreKlaudy Kinga, Professor of Linguistics and Translation Studies at the Department of Translation and Interpreting, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. Doctor of Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Founder and editor in chief of two scientific journals: Across Languages and Cultures (in English), Fordítástudomány (in Hungarian). Main research areas: Translation Studies, Applied Linguistics, Text-linguistics, Contrastive Linguistics. She has published more than 200 titles (books and articles in Hungarian, English and Russian).edit
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Abstract: This paper aims to describe the text-level effects of word-level operations in the process of translation as secondary text production. Translation can be regarded as secondary text production because vocabulary is more limited... more
Abstract: This paper aims to describe the text-level effects of word-level operations in the process of translation as secondary text production. Translation can be regarded as secondary text production because vocabulary is more limited and syntax is more constrained than in the case of primary text production. The result is a special kind of text which is different from authentic target language texts. These differences can be investigated under different headings, such as " quasi-correctness " , " translationese " or " translation universals ". The research focuses on the unique item hypothesis (Tirkkonen-Condit, 2002: 209), which claims that " translated texts would manifest lower frequencies of linguistic elements that lack linguistic counterparts in the source language ". The present paper describes two 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 F transfer operations in English – Hungarian translation whereby target language specific items are added to the translated text: (1) increased use of discourse markers in the target text, and (2) semantic enrichment of target text lexical items. These operations may help to reduce the gap between translated and non-translated texts.
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Abstract: In the present paper the concept of linguistic and cultural asymmetry between languages is related to the domestication/ foreignization dichotomy introduced by Venuti in 1995. Domestication means translation strategies which... more
Abstract: In the present paper the concept of linguistic and cultural asymmetry between languages is related to the domestication/ foreignization dichotomy introduced by Venuti in 1995. Domestication means translation strategies which result in transparent, natural-sounding, fluent TL style, and minimize the strangeness of TT by the removal of SL realia (cultural words). Foreignization means using translation strategies which retain the foreign flavour of the original. It may be assumed that translation from less widely spoken languages into more widely spoken languages (from Hungarian into English) involves domestication, and translation from more widely spoken languages into less widely spoken languages (from English into Hungarian) involves foreignization. The paper examines domesticating and foreignizing strategies applied by Bernard Adams in the translation of Hungarian novel of Zsigmond Móricz Rokonok into English, and on the basis of Translator’s Notes claims that foreignizing strategies are also can be characteristic for translation of Hungarian realia into English.
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Abstract: Word-order shifts take place in the course of the translation of almost every sentence of translated texts, regardless of language-pair and direction of translation. Some of these shifts are obligatory, since without them we... more
Abstract: Word-order shifts take place in the course of the translation of almost every sentence of translated texts, regardless of language-pair and direction of translation. Some of these shifts are obligatory, since without them we would not get a grammatically correct TL sentence. Another class of word order shifts is not obligatory but optional. Optional word-order shifts are performed in order to ensure the cohesion of the TL text. Obligatory word-order shifts which lead to a grammatically correct TL sentence may distort the communicative structure: cohesive ties get loose, unimportant elements get highlighted and important elements are blurred. Many optional word-order changes are performed in order to preserve the communicative structure of the sentences, and thus the cohesion of the text. The present paper will discuss the different types of optional word-order shifts in translation from Hungarian to IE languages and vice versa. Keywords: optional word-order shifts, fronting time and place adverbials, fronting the subject, shift of interruptions, shift of reporting clauses
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Abstract: The study aims to further develop the well-known explicitation hypothesis of Blum-Kulka (1986), whose starting point is that explicitation is not just one of the transfer operations, as previously proposed (e.g., by Vinay and... more
Abstract: The study aims to further develop the well-known explicitation hypothesis of Blum-Kulka (1986), whose starting point is that explicitation is not just one of the transfer operations, as previously proposed (e.g., by Vinay and Darbelnet, 1958, 1985), but an overarching category which includes several transfer operations, all of which have something to do with explicitation. Using the method of bidirectional analysis and exploring semi-obligatory and optional language-specific operations in both directions, the present author proposed the asymmetry hypothesis, claiming that explicitation and implicitation are not always symmetric operations, as translators, when they have a choice, prefer operations involving explicitation (concretization, division, addition and upgrading) over operations involving implicitation (generalisation, contraction, omission and downgrading). The asymmetry hypothesis, if verified, would provide indirect proof for the hypothesis that explicitation is a universal strategy of translation, independent of language-pair and direction of translation.
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Abstract: This study focuses on the notions of explicitation and implicitation in translation and aims to provide empirical evidence for operational asymmetry (Klaudy 2001). Bi-directional (SL=L1→TL=L2 and SL=L2→TL=L1) comparisons show... more
Abstract: This study focuses on the notions of explicitation and implicitation in translation and aims to provide empirical evidence for operational asymmetry (Klaudy 2001). Bi-directional (SL=L1→TL=L2 and SL=L2→TL=L1) comparisons show that when explicitation takes place in the L1→L2 direction, implicitation can be observed in the L2→L1 direction. This phenomenon is referred to as symmetric explicitation. It may also happen, however, that when explicitation is carried out in the L1→L2 direction, no implici-tation occurs in the L2→L1 direction. This phenomenon is referred to as asymmetric ex-plicitation. It would be logical to suppose that all cases of language-specific explicitation in the L1→L2 direction are symmetrical (i.e., matched by implicitation in the L2→L1 direction), but this does not seem to be the case. The present paper reports on the findings of an empirical study designed to investigate the validity of the asymmetry hypothesis in the translation of reporting verbs in literary texts translated from English into Hungarian and from Hungarian into English. Using the method of two-way qualitative translation analysis, the study demonstrates that translators tend to prefer the more explicit forms to the more implicit ones in both directions and often fail to perform implicitation. The study may thus provide further evidence for the assumption that semantic explicitation is in fact a universal translation strategy.
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The study reviews the eight year activity of the Translation Theory Section of the Society for Modern Philology, founded in 1983. Available documents are the following: the minutes of the inaugural meeting, the topics of the monthly... more
The study reviews the eight year activity of the Translation Theory Section of the Society for Modern Philology, founded in 1983. Available documents are the following: the minutes of the inaugural meeting, the topics of the monthly meetings, the attendance sheets of meetings, the list of members, etc. Based on these hitherto unpublished documents, the author evaluates the role the Translation Theory Section played in the development of Hungarian Translation Studies.
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A tanulmány témája az intertextuális utalások fordítása David Lodge Helycserés támadás (Changing Places) című regényének magyar és horvát fordításában. Egy cseh kutató, Petr Anténe (2016) már megvizsgálta, hogy az először 1980-ban... more
A tanulmány témája az intertextuális utalások fordítása David Lodge Helycserés támadás (Changing Places) című regényének magyar és horvát fordításában. Egy cseh kutató, Petr Anténe (2016) már megvizsgálta, hogy az először 1980-ban megjelent cseh fordítás készítője (Antonin Přidal), hogyan vette figyelembe az irodalmi művekre való utalások fordításakor a cseh olvasók háttérismereteit. A tanulmány ugyanezt a témát vizsgálja meg David Lodge regényének magyar (Barabás András 1992) és horvát (Giga Gračan 2001) fordításában.
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Preserving the cohesion role of parallel structures in human and machine translations Abstract: The parallel structures and the lexical repetition play a major role in creating textual cohesion. These cohesion tools of the source texts... more
Preserving the cohesion role of parallel structures in human and machine translations Abstract: The parallel structures and the lexical repetition play a major role in creating textual cohesion. These cohesion tools of the source texts often overlooked by translators. The study examines the strategies used to reproduce the cohesive role of parallel structures and lexical repetition by 17 human translators and 2 machine translation programs in the text of Helsinki Initiative on Multilingualism in Scholarly Communication.
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A szerző a 2020/2021-es tanév fordításelméleti vizsgadolgozataiból két gépileg elemezhető korpuszt állított össze, melyeket a Sketch Engine automatikus szövegelemző szoftver segítségével elemzett. Az első elemzésben arra kereste a... more
A szerző a 2020/2021-es tanév fordításelméleti vizsgadolgozataiból két gépileg elemezhető korpuszt állított össze, melyeket a Sketch Engine automatikus szövegelemző szoftver segítségével elemzett. Az első elemzésben arra kereste a választ, hasznosnak tartják-e a hallgatók a fordításelméleti előadásokat. A második elemzésben arra kereste a választ, milyen témák érdeklik a hallgatókat, ha szabadon választhatják ki az olvasmányukat. A Sketch Engine használata a két korpusz elemzésében hasznosnak bizonyult, és bár lehetőségeit a kutatás korántsem használta ki teljesen, így is igazolta az intuitíven érzékelt tendenciákat. A Saját vélemény korpusz (11 097 szó 118 vizsgadolgozatból) automatikus gépi elemzésének adatai azt mutatták, hogy a hallgatók hasznosnak tartották az előadásokat, leginkább a szövegnyelvészetieket és a reáliákról szólókat. A Választott olvasmány korpusz (69 453 szó 118 vizsgadolgozatból) automatikus gépi elemzésének adatai azt mutatták, hogy az említések gyakorisága alapján...
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The emergence of a professional community in the late 20th and early 21st centuries The Association of Hungarian Applied Linguists and Language Teachers (MANYE) is the biggest linguistic association in Hungary. The thirtieth anniversary... more
The emergence of a professional community in the late 20th and early 21st centuries The Association of Hungarian Applied Linguists and Language Teachers (MANYE) is the biggest linguistic association in Hungary. The thirtieth anniversary of its founding is a suitable occasion to recall and analyse the documents relating to the circumstances of its establishment. The thirty year history of the association can be divided into three stages. The first was its coming of age (1990-1998); the second stage was consolidation (1999-2015), and the third was renewal (2016-). This study deals with the first two stages. Based on the comparative analysis of documents, it describes the launching of two initiatives in 1990, one from the language teaching community, the other from applied linguists, which ultimately led to the emergence of a professional community and a series of Hungarian applied linguistic conferences spanning 30 years.
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The paper describes the notion of "translational operations". Translating any sentence from one language into another, even the simplest one, translators carry out a number of operations. Some of these operations can be explained by the... more
The paper describes the notion of "translational operations". Translating any sentence from one language into another, even the simplest one, translators carry out a number of operations. Some of these operations can be explained by the differences in the lexical and grammatical structure of the languages these operations are called "language-specific" operations. Others are explained by the differences of cultures, between generally shared knowledge of the members of different cultural communitiesthese operations can be called "culture-specific operations". Other operations can be explained neither by structural differences between the languages nor by cultural differences but by the nature of the translation-process itself, that is by the necessity to express ideas in the target language which were originally conceived in the source language. These operations can be called "translation-specific" operations.
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The study examines the collaboration between a volunteer translator and a volunteer proofreader in the translation of Helsinki Initiative for Multilingualism is Scholarly Communication. The aim of the Helsinki initiative is a call to... more
The study examines the collaboration between a volunteer translator and a volunteer proofreader in the translation of Helsinki Initiative for Multilingualism is Scholarly Communication. The aim of the Helsinki initiative is a call to preserve multilingualism in international scientific life. The main body of the text contains sentences with similar structures which express appellative function. The study examines how to preserve parallel structures in translation, as parallelism plays an important role in creating textual cohesion.
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Kivonat: A szerző 1980-ban végzett elemzést összehasonlítható (comparable) korpuszokon. Az elemzést manuálisan végezte, de az eredmények ma is vállalhatók. Oroszból fordított magyar szakmai és tudományos szövegeket hasonlított össze... more
Kivonat: A szerző 1980-ban végzett elemzést összehasonlítható (comparable) korpuszokon. Az elemzést manuálisan végezte, de az eredmények ma is vállalhatók. Oroszból fordított magyar szakmai és tudományos szövegeket hasonlított össze hasonló időben keletkezett és hasonló témájú autentikus magyar szövegekkel. Vizsgált bizonyos grammatikai mutatókat (a mondatok és a mondategységek hosszúsága, szerkesztettsége, mélysége, bővítettsége), valamint bizonyos aktuális tagolási típusokat (visszautaló téma, informatív téma, retorikus téma, emelkedő réma, ereszkedő réma, egyenletes réma stb.). A vizsgálat kimutatta, hogy a fenti grammatikai mutatók és aktuális tagolási típusok gyakorisága tekintetében eltérések vannak a fordított magyar szövegek és az eredetileg is magyarul fogalmazott szövegek között. A grammatikai tagolásban és az aktuális tagolásban kimutatott eltérő disztribúciós jegyek alapján a fordított szövegeket kvázi-helyes magyar szövegnek nevezte.
Kulcsszavak: fordított és eredeti magyar szöveg, grammatikai tagolás, aktuális tagolás, disztribúció, kvázi-helyesség
Kulcsszavak: fordított és eredeti magyar szöveg, grammatikai tagolás, aktuális tagolás, disztribúció, kvázi-helyesség
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Az explicitáció a fordítástudományi szakirodalomban széles körben tárgyalt művelet. Klaudy (1998) négy kategóriáját különítette el: kötelező, fakultatív, pragmatikai és fordításspecifikus. Ez a kategorizáció sok vitát váltott ki,... more
Az explicitáció a fordítástudományi szakirodalomban széles körben tárgyalt művelet. Klaudy (1998) négy kategóriáját különítette el: kötelező, fakultatív, pragmatikai és fordításspecifikus. Ez a kategorizáció sok vitát váltott ki, különösen a negyedik kategória, amelynek létét többen kétségbe vonták a szakirodalomban pl.. Szemére vetették a szerzőnek azt is, hogy nem adott példákat erre a műveletre. A tanulmány áttekinti az elmúlt 20 évben született javaslatokat, érveket hoz fel a kategória megtartása mellett, és példákon szemlélteti, hogy a fordító részéről mi az a kognitív többlet, ami a fordításspecifikus explicitációhoz vezet.
Kulcsszavak: fordításspecifikus explicitáció, kategorizáció, kritikai áttekintés, kognitív többlet
Kulcsszavak: fordításspecifikus explicitáció, kategorizáció, kritikai áttekintés, kognitív többlet
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Title in English: System of transfer operations Abstract: In my interpretation, "transfer operations" is a collective term for all the systemic and routine-like operative moves developed by generations of translators to handle the... more
Title in English: System of transfer operations
Abstract: In my interpretation, "transfer operations" is a collective term for all the systemic and routine-like operative moves developed by generations of translators to handle the difficulties stemming from the different lexical, grammatical system and cultural context of the languages functioning together in the process of translation. The system of transfer operations described in Klaudy (1991, 1994, 1999b, 2003) includes operations in translation from four Indo-European languages (English, French, German and Russian) to a Finno-Ugric language Hungarian and vice versa. The system of transfer operations includes two main types (lexical and grammatical operations) 10−10 types (e.g., specification, generalisation, omission, addition, upgrading, downgrading etc.) and around 100 subtypes, the number of which can be reduced or increased as desired. Over the last twenty years generations of trainees had to analyse parallel texts as exam task, and had to identify transfer operations carried out by professional translators. The paper raises the question of the pedagogic usefulness of this assignment, emphasizing that the familiarity of the systematic character of transfer operations helps trainees make more informed choices in completing their own translation tasks and helps trainers give more professional explanations of suggested better solutions for beginners.
Abstract: In my interpretation, "transfer operations" is a collective term for all the systemic and routine-like operative moves developed by generations of translators to handle the difficulties stemming from the different lexical, grammatical system and cultural context of the languages functioning together in the process of translation. The system of transfer operations described in Klaudy (1991, 1994, 1999b, 2003) includes operations in translation from four Indo-European languages (English, French, German and Russian) to a Finno-Ugric language Hungarian and vice versa. The system of transfer operations includes two main types (lexical and grammatical operations) 10−10 types (e.g., specification, generalisation, omission, addition, upgrading, downgrading etc.) and around 100 subtypes, the number of which can be reduced or increased as desired. Over the last twenty years generations of trainees had to analyse parallel texts as exam task, and had to identify transfer operations carried out by professional translators. The paper raises the question of the pedagogic usefulness of this assignment, emphasizing that the familiarity of the systematic character of transfer operations helps trainees make more informed choices in completing their own translation tasks and helps trainers give more professional explanations of suggested better solutions for beginners.
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Kivonat: A tanulmány azt kívánja részletesebben megvizsgálni, hogy a nyelvi műveletekre felállított aszimmetria hipotézis kiterjeszthető-e a kulturális műveletekre (honosítás és idegenítés), azaz két kultúra közötti fordítás kétirányú... more
Kivonat: A tanulmány azt kívánja részletesebben megvizsgálni, hogy a nyelvi műveletekre felállított aszimmetria hipotézis kiterjeszthető-e a kulturális műveletekre (honosítás és idegenítés), azaz két kultúra közötti fordítás kétirányú vizsgálatára. Tehát a szélesebb körben elterjedt lingvakultúráról (pl. angol) a szűkebb körben elterjedt lingvakultúrára (pl. magyar) és vissza. Az általános vélekedés az, hogy amikor a fordító "nagy" nyelvekről és kultúrákról "kis" nyelvekre és kultúrákra fordít, akkor idegenít, mert minél több információval kívánja gazdagítani a célnyelvi "kis" lingvakultúrát, amikor pedig kis nyelvekről és kultúrákról nagy nyelvekre és kultúrákra fordít, akkor pedig honosít, mert nem akarja nagyon megterhelni a nagy lingvakultúra olvasóinak befogadói kapacitását. Az előadás ezt a hipotézist veti el részben a Klaudy 2007-ben található angol-magyar és magyar-angol korpusz példái alapján, részben pedig Diane Pearson Csárdás című angol nyelven írt regényének a magyar kultúrába való "visszafordítása" alapján.
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Title in English: The Role of the Needs of Society in the Development of Translation Studies: the Beginning of the Cooperation between OFFI and Translator Training Abstract: The subject of this paper is the complicated process through... more
Title in English:
The Role of the Needs of Society in the Development of Translation Studies: the Beginning of the Cooperation between OFFI and Translator Training
Abstract: The subject of this paper is the complicated process through which translation theory, translation training and translation practice have come together, and they have become aware of each other's existence and then began to cooperate. Today it can be said that this cooperation is mutually beneficial. The study gives an overview of the 60’s, when there was no translation training in Hungary, and for this reason Lóránt Tarnóczi’s excellent book on the theory and practice of professional translation could not receive proper attention. In 1973 the foundation of the Department of Translation and Interpreting at ELTE was the beginning of translation training in Hungary and at the same time the beginning of cooperation between ELTE and OFFI. In the late 80’s and 90’s the transition of Hungary into democracy and market economy gave rise to new needs that called for a complete renewal of translator training programmes. The establishment of MA-level translator and interpreter training at ELTE and different other Hungarian universities boosted research in the field of Translation Studies. In 2003 a new PhD Programme in Translation Studies was launched at ELTE, and it works in close cooperation with OFFI, using the corpora of translated texts and terminology database of the latter for research purposes.
Keywords: translation training, translation theory, translation practice, cooperation, PhD in Translation Studies
The Role of the Needs of Society in the Development of Translation Studies: the Beginning of the Cooperation between OFFI and Translator Training
Abstract: The subject of this paper is the complicated process through which translation theory, translation training and translation practice have come together, and they have become aware of each other's existence and then began to cooperate. Today it can be said that this cooperation is mutually beneficial. The study gives an overview of the 60’s, when there was no translation training in Hungary, and for this reason Lóránt Tarnóczi’s excellent book on the theory and practice of professional translation could not receive proper attention. In 1973 the foundation of the Department of Translation and Interpreting at ELTE was the beginning of translation training in Hungary and at the same time the beginning of cooperation between ELTE and OFFI. In the late 80’s and 90’s the transition of Hungary into democracy and market economy gave rise to new needs that called for a complete renewal of translator training programmes. The establishment of MA-level translator and interpreter training at ELTE and different other Hungarian universities boosted research in the field of Translation Studies. In 2003 a new PhD Programme in Translation Studies was launched at ELTE, and it works in close cooperation with OFFI, using the corpora of translated texts and terminology database of the latter for research purposes.
Keywords: translation training, translation theory, translation practice, cooperation, PhD in Translation Studies
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Abstract: This paper describes the distinctive features of cultural back-translation. This term is employed here to refer to the translation of source texts into a target language from which most or all of the culture-specifi c elements... more
Abstract: This paper describes the distinctive features of cultural back-translation. This term is employed here to refer to the translation of source texts into a target language from which most or all of the culture-specifi c elements of the source text were drawn. It makes an attempt to provide a systematic analysis of the distinctive features of this type of translation with special reference to the concepts of domestication and foreignization. The fi ndings show that cultural back-translation is necessarily domesticating, or more precisely, re-domesticating. Re-domestication has several types: re-domestication proper, repatriation and additional domestication. Domesticating and foreignizing strategies work out differently in cultural back-translation: domestication does not mean adjustment to a different culture but restoring the original cultural context. In re-domestication the distribution of translation strategies used is different from those used in domestication and the purpose and effects of various strategies are different. The whole process from text composition to back-translation may be described as a process of double domestication. It is claimed that while domestica-tion in general reduces readers' processing effort by sacrifi cing some contextual effects, re-domestication reduces processing effort and at the same time may increase contextual effects. It is concluded that the study of cultural back-translation is worthy of more serious attention and further lines of inquiry are suggested.
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Abstract: I will speak about the establishment and development of a special library which contains almost thousand titles of a new discipline: Translation Theory (or Translation Studies). The first works of Translation Theory were... more
Abstract: I will speak about the establishment and development of a special library which contains almost thousand titles of a new discipline: Translation Theory (or Translation Studies). The first works of Translation Theory were published in the '60s, when I was a university student (Mounin 1963, Nida 1964, Catford 1965), and the new field of study wasn't yet generally accepted in the '70s, when I began my teaching carrier at the Department of Translation and Interpreting at the Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE). Translation Theory as a branch of Applied Linguistics deals not with literary translations, but with language mediation in the broadest sense of the word, including written and oral translation, scientific and technical translation, dubbing and subtitling, training translators and teaching translation etc. This is the widely accepted view nowadays but it was a long way to reach its legacy. The paper describes the three phases in the history of Translation Department at ELTE from the point of view of library development. In the first phase, when the Department was located in the Eötvös Collegium (1973−1990) besides dictionaries and encyclopedias, we mainly bought linguistic books, mostly comparative stylistics, contrastive linguistic works, everything we thought to be useful for translators. In this phase we did not have a library room, books were in locked bookcases, but it didn't caused any problem, because nobody believed that Translation Theory could give real help in translation training. In the second period (1990−2000) Department of Translation moved on into a new building on Amerikai út, where we had got a new library room, new bookcases, and the quantity of books on Translation Theory began increase rapidly. These were the years when importance of Translation Theory has been proven worldwide. Translation Theory lectures were included into the curriculum of trainees translators, and they had to sit for exams on theory questions. The third era began in 2001 when we had to move again, at this time into the "F" building of Trefort-kert (Trefort Gardens) and entering into the beautiful old library room of the previous department, we saw that workers are beginning to break it down. In the last minute we could stop to break down the beautiful cabinets of the old library and managed even to build again the already demolished top closets. Now, in this beautiful wainscoted library going on the life of students
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Abstract: The establishment of MA-level translator and interpreter training at ELTE and different other Hungarian universities boosted research in the field of Translation Studies. Unfortunately , the development of translation research... more
Abstract: The establishment of MA-level translator and interpreter training at ELTE and different other Hungarian universities boosted research in the field of Translation Studies. Unfortunately , the development of translation research was not accompanied by the consolidation and unification of Hungarian translation terminology. While there are several dictionaries of Translation Studies in English (Shuttleworth & Cowie 1997, Lever & Mason 2018), all we have in Hungarian is a list of terms consisting of 123 entries in Klaudy Kinga's book Introduction to Translation Theory (1999a). Each entry contains a definition of the concept, reference to the source (if available), and cross-references, but the book was written in 1999, and during the past 20 years great progress has been made in Translation Studies. The study demonstrates some of the typical and unsolved problems of Hungarian Translation Studies terminology. Keywords: Hungarian terminology of Translation Studies, missing equivalents, fuzzy boundaries , chaos in terminology, concept behind the term
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Abstract: The paper is a contribution to the research of retranslation. Agatha Christie's The Secret Adversary was published in 1922, first translated into Hungarian in 1930, retranslated in 2012. The first translation was republished... more
Abstract: The paper is a contribution to the research of retranslation. Agatha Christie's The Secret Adversary was published in 1922, first translated into Hungarian in 1930, retranslated in 2012. The first translation was republished without any essential corrections in 1995, 1997 and 1998. There are now two different translations available of the work, one made in 1930, and another in 2012. The paper reviews readers' evaluations of the two translations from an on-line forum, and performs a comparative analysis of the two translations, introducing the concept of "sensitive places". Sensitive places are words, expressions or phrases in the source language text, particularly effected in translation by changes in target language norms. These are places, where the need for retranslation is especially conspicuous: names of food and drink, tu/vous relations, politeness, toponyms, dated words and customs. Certain features of the translator's style can also be a reason for retranslation. Keywords: retranslation, change of the target language norms, sensitive places
Kulcsszavak: újrafordítás, a célnyelvi norma változása, érzékeny helyek
Kulcsszavak: újrafordítás, a célnyelvi norma változása, érzékeny helyek
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Kivonat: A fordítástudomány szoros kapcsolata a terminológia tudományával kézenfekvőnek tűnik, de mégsem az. A fordítástudomány és a terminológiatudomány közös vonása, hogy mindkettő harcol az önállóságáért. A fordítástudományban ez a... more
Kivonat: A fordítástudomány szoros kapcsolata a terminológia tudományával kézenfekvőnek tűnik, de mégsem az. A fordítástudomány és a terminológiatudomány közös vonása, hogy mindkettő harcol az önállóságáért. A fordítástudományban ez a küzdelem immár 60 éve folyik, és igen sikeresnek mondható. Erről tanúskodik a fordítástudományi folyóiratok, konferenciák, doktori programok nagy száma. E sikertörténet azonban nem problémamentes. A tanulmány első része az izoláció, a fragmentáció és a technikai fejlődés okozta problémákat tekinti át. Mindhárom említett problémát enyhítheti a két tudományterület közötti szorosabb együttműködés. A dolgozat második része a fordítástudomány és a pragmatika kapcsolatának két korszakát írja le. Az első korszakban, amely a 20. század hetvenes éveitől kezdődik, már széles körben használják a pragmatikai transzformációk, pragmatikai adaptáció terminust, de általában a más kulturális környezetben élő célnyelvi befogadó igényeinek figyelembe vételét értik rajta. A második korszakban, a 21. század elején jelennek meg a beszédcselekvések fordításával kapcsolatos, valóban pragmatikainak nevezhető témák a fordítástudományban. A tanulmány megállapítja, hogy a fordítástudománynak és a pragmatikának a viszonyában ugyanaz az „egyirányú interdiszciplinaritás” figyelhető meg, mint a fordítástudománynak a többi segédtudományhoz fűződő viszonyában. A fordítástudomány hasznosítja a pragmatika eredményeit, de fordítva ez nem mondható el.
Kulcsszavak: fordítástudomány, terminológia, pragmatika, egyirányú interdiszcipli-naritás
Kulcsszavak: fordítástudomány, terminológia, pragmatika, egyirányú interdiszcipli-naritás
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Abstract: Optional additions in translation are necessary not for the correctness of the sentence but for the correctness of the text. We call them optional because if do not carry them out, the sentences of the target text may be... more
Abstract: Optional additions in translation are necessary not for the correctness of the sentence but for the correctness of the text. We call them optional because if do not carry them out, the sentences of the target text may be grammatically correct sentences, but the text as a whole will be clumsy and unnatural. Paper will discuss the influence of optional additions on readability of translated texts.
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Abstract: Translator's creativity can be measured by strategies applied in translation of idiomatic expressions. Bilingual dictionaries contain numerous examples of total transformation of idiomatic expressions but in their daily work... more
Abstract: Translator's creativity can be measured by strategies applied in translation of idiomatic expressions. Bilingual dictionaries contain numerous examples of total transformation of idiomatic expressions but in their daily work translators perform many more total transformations than those contained in bilingual dictionaries. Increasing number of idiomatic expressions in translated texts can be attributed to the compensation, when those meanings of the SL text which are lost in translation are rendered in TL text in some other places and by some other means. The first author describes two operations: total transformation and compensation and illustrates the translators' creativity with examples of English–Hungarian literary translation. The second author investigates 40 idiomatic expressions in a French–English–Hungarian parallel corpus of European Parliament's texts in the theoretical framework of cognitive semantics and traductology. Six categories were set up for translation equivalence: full correspondence, partial correspondence, phraseologism, variant correspondence, generalisation and total omission. On the basis of research conducted, it can be claimed that in the translation of idiomatic expressions of European Parliament's text the typical tendency is simplification , that is the lack of creativity..
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Research Interests:
Languages in Translation is based on my lectures on the theory, practice and teaching of translation delivered over the last twenty years at the Interpreter and Translator Training Centre of Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest and at... more
Languages in Translation is based on my lectures on the theory, practice and teaching of translation delivered over the last twenty years at the Interpreter and Translator Training Centre of Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest and at the University of Miskolc.
The approach I developed in this book is novel in the field of translation-specific comparison of languages in three respects: (1) it is a multilingual comparison, involving five languages, (2) it has a dynamic character, and (3) the emphasis is on the operational aspects of the translator’s activity. The procedure I followed started with data collection: I amassed a large body of multilingual translational data, and then analysed it to discover the rules, regularities and principles governing the seemingly subjective decisions of translators by describing, classifying and explaining the transfer operations behind them.
The approach I developed in this book is novel in the field of translation-specific comparison of languages in three respects: (1) it is a multilingual comparison, involving five languages, (2) it has a dynamic character, and (3) the emphasis is on the operational aspects of the translator’s activity. The procedure I followed started with data collection: I amassed a large body of multilingual translational data, and then analysed it to discover the rules, regularities and principles governing the seemingly subjective decisions of translators by describing, classifying and explaining the transfer operations behind them.
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Abstract: Is there, or can there be any systematicity in the numerous multi-level and multi-natured operations performed partly consciously and partly instinctively/intuitively by translators in the course of translation? And if there is,... more
Abstract: Is there, or can there be any systematicity in the numerous multi-level and multi-natured operations performed partly consciously and partly instinctively/intuitively by translators in the course of translation? And if there is, is it possible to describe it? And if it can be described, can a linguistic description go beyond a mere recording of the transfer operations triggered by differences between languages? This is exactly what this part of the book attempts to accomplish.