Yasmin Mohamed Attia

Title of the research article The seminal heart: revealing the secrets of data transmission and information processing Summarizing the idea of the research article: The research article delved into the study and exploration of a new concept in scientific study, and the researcher called it the "spermatic heart" as the true source of data transfer and information processing within the human body, which challenges traditional concepts about sperm. The researcher established the study hypothesis that the sperm heart is the same as the sperm, as the researcher rejects this term, the spermatic heart, as she believes that the spermatic heart is the one that holds the key to understanding the transmission of nerve signals and the transformation of information. This study article also delves into the complex mechanisms of data transfer and information transformation within the body, so I proposed the concept of the "spermatic heart" as a pivotal player in In the process, the study challenges existing concepts surrounding neural signals and data transmission, with the aim of revealing the true essence of how information is processed. The implications of this study extend beyond theoretical biology, offering insight into potential applications in artificial intelligence, data science, and healthcare.

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-7 inhibitors are emerging as promising drugs for the treatment of different types of cancer that show chemotherapy resistance. Evaluation of the effects of CDK7 inhibitor, THZ1, alone and combined with tamoxifen is of paramount importance. Thus, in the current work, we assessed the effects of THZ1 and/or tamoxifen in two estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cell lines (MCF7) and its tamoxifen resistant counterpart (LCC2) in vitro and in xenograft mouse models of breast cancer. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of CDK7 in clinical samples from breast cancer patients. Cell viability, apoptosis, and genes involved in cell cycle regulation and tamoxifen resistance were determined. Tumor volume and weight, proliferation marker (Ki67), angiogenic marker (CD31), and apoptotic markers were assayed. Bioinformatic data indicated CDK7 expression was associated with negative prognosis, enhanced pro-oncogenic pathways, and decreased response to tamo...

Recently a dramatic development of the cancer drug discovery has been shown in the field of targeted cancer therapy. Checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) inhibitors offer a promising approach to enhance the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy. Accordingly, in this study many pyrimidine-benzimidazole conjugates were designed and twelve feasible derivatives were selected to be synthesized to investigate their activity against Chk2 and subjected to study their antitumor activity alone and in combination with the genotoxic anticancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin on breast carcinoma, (ER+) cell line (MCF-7). The results indicated that the studied compounds inhibited Chk2 activity with high potency (IC = 5.56 nM - 46.20 nM). The studied candidates exhibited remarkable antitumor activity against MCF-7 (IG = 6.6  μM - 24.9 μM). Compounds 10a-c, 14 and 15 significantly potentiated the activity of the studied genotoxic drugs, whereas, compounds 9b and 20-23 antagonized their activity. Moreover, the...

The objective of our study is to highlight the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action by which purified Flaxseed hydrolysate (PFH) which is a lignan rich fraction exerts its anticancer activity on a human breast cancer cell line (T47D) and in mice bearing tumor. HPLC analysis of PFH of six flaxseed cultivars had shown that PFH of the cultivar Giza 9 (PFH-G9) contains the highest concentration of SDG (81.64 mg/g). The in vitro cytotoxic potentiality of PFH's of six flaxseed cultivars was screened against a panel of human cancer cell lines. PFH -G9 showed the most significant cytotoxic activity against ER-receptor positive breast cell lines MCF7 and T47D with IC50 13.8 and 15.8 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, PFH-G9 reduced the expression of the metastasis marker, 1-α, metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the most potent stimulators of angiogenesis, while it increased the caspase-3 dependent apoptosis. Our study also showed that dietary intak...

Activated checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) is a tumor suppressor as one of the main enzymes that affect the cell cycle. 2-Biarylbenzimidazoles are potent selective class of Chk2 inhibitors; the structure-based design was applied to synthesize a new series of this class with replacing the lateral aryl group by substituted pyrazoles. Ten pyrazole-benzimidazole conjugates from the best fifty candidates according to docking programs have been subjected to chemical synthesis in this study. The activities of the conjugates 5-14 as checkpoint kinase inhibitors and as antitumor alone and in combination with genotoxic drugs were evaluated. The effect of compounds 7 and 12 on cell-cycle phases was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. Antitumor activity of compounds 7 and 12 as single-agents and in combinations with doxorubicin was assessed in breast cancer bearing animals induced by MNU. The Results indicated that compounds 5-14 inhibited Chk2 activity with high potency (IC50 52.8 nM-5.5 nM). The c...

Novel series of N-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl) cyanoacetamide derivatives are synthesized. The structure of these compounds was elucidated using different spectral tools. Compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against different types of human cancer cell lines including, breast (MCF-7, T47D, MDA MB231); liver (HEPG-2); colon (HCT116); prostate (PC3); and cervix (HELA) cells. In this study, we used compounds 11 and 12 that showed the highest cytotoxicity on PC3 and HEPG2 cells, to explore their effects on apoptosis, invasion amp& metastasis and angiogenesis. Results revealed that the growth inhibition produced by the two selected compounds was due to cytocidal and not due to cytostatic effect in both cell lines. This cytocidal effect was due to up-regulation of caspases-3, and-9. In addition, the two compounds inhibited the expression of metalloproteinases-2 and 9 (MMP 2amp&9). Moreover HIF-1alpha and VEGF expressions were inhibited by both compounds. In...

A novel series of cyclic 2-oxindole derivatives incorporating 2-amino-tetrahydroquinolin-5-one were prepared. The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated using different spectral tools. The regio-orientation of the reaction products was elucidated through NOE difference experiments and through using substituents on the ortho position to affect further cyclization. Antitumor and antimicrobial evaluations were performed on the prepared compounds. Most of these compounds exhibited high to moderate antimicrobial activity. With respect to the antitumor activity, the compounds showed more potent cytotoxic effect only toward the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Also, we found that derivatives containing an ester group (8c, 11b, 14b, and 15b) are more active than those containing a cyanide group (8a, 11a, 14a, and 15a). Moreover, compounds 15b and 8b are the most active derivatives in this group. These two compounds showed apoptotic inhibition of the proliferation of human ...

Aptamers, synthetic single-strand oligonucleotides that are similar in function to antibodies, are promising as therapeutics because of their minimal side effects. However, the stability and bioavailability of the aptamers pose a challenge. We developed aptamers converted from RNA aptamer to modified DNA aptamers that target phospho-AXL with improved stability and bioavailability. On the basis of the comparative analysis of a library of 17 converted modified DNA aptamers, we selected aptamer candidates, GLB-G25 and GLB-A04, that exhibited the highest bioavailability, stability, and robust antitumor effect in in vitro experiments. Backbone modifications such as thiophosphate or dithiophosphate and a covalent modification of the 5'-end of the aptamer with polyethylene glycol optimized the pharmacokinetic properties, improved the stability of the aptamers in vivo by reducing nuclease hydrolysis and renal clearance, and achieved high and sustained inhibition of AXL at a very low dose. Treatment with these modified aptamers in ovarian cancer orthotopic mouse models significantly reduced tumor growth and the number of metastases. This effective silencing of the phospho-AXL target thus demonstrated that aptamer specificity and bioavailability can be improved by the chemical modification of existing aptamers for phospho-AXL. These results lay the foundation for the translation of these aptamer candidates and companion biomarkers to the clinic.

The development of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) inhibitors for the treatment of cancer has been an ongoing and attractive objective in drug discovery. In this study, twenty-one feasible pyrazole-benzimidazole conjugates were synthesized to study their effect against Chk2 activity using Checkpoint Kinase Assay. The antitumor activity of these compounds was investigated using SRB assay. A potentiation effect of the synthesized Chk2 inhibitors was also investigated using the genotoxic anticancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin on breast carcinoma, (ER+) cell line (MCF-7). In vivo Chk2 and antitumor activities of 8d as a single-agent, and in combination with doxorubicin, were evaluated in breast cancer bearing animals induced by N-methylnitrosourea. The effect of 8d alone and in combination with doxorubicin was also studied on cell-cycle phases of MCF-7 cells using flow cytometry analysis. The results revealed their potencies as Chk2 inhibitors with ICranges from 9.95 to 65.07 nM. General...

The virus of non-cellular infectious agents tends to multiply its origin unites and its end worsens and the researcher defines it as (malignancies of chemical elements composite, whether natural from the surrounding environment or created, take some measures to be able to penetrate inside the body by AVI under a specific environment for it, to be received by the target hormone, which is the entrance to the chemical reaction inside it, and to make a change in the chemicals produced by the influencing cells cans of the cells themselves and neighboring cells , This leads to disruption of the nerve centers within the cells that communicate with the tissue and organs), and the disruption of metabolism, breathing, or digestion depends on both the chemical elements stimulated in the chemical malignant compound, the receptor hormone within which the reaction takes place and the production of free radicals.

The virus is a type of non-cellular infectious agent that tends to multiply, unite, and its end worsens the researcher's definition (as a malignancy of complex chemical elements, whether they are the product of natural compounds from the surrounding environment or created, take some measures to be able to enter the body under a specific environment for it, to be received by the target hormone, which is an entrance to carry out the chemical reaction inside it, and to make a change in the chemicals produced by the cells that affect the cells themselves and neighboring cells, which leads to the disruption of the centers. Neurotransmitters within cells that communicate with tissue and organs), and the disruption of metabolism, breathing, or digestion depends on both the chemical elements stimulated in the chemical malignant compound, the receptor hormone within which the reaction takes place and the production of free radicals.
Viruses are synthesized in cell cultures, so as to obtain infected animal or plant tissue, cells are cultured in a glass or plastic vessel under the influence of a certain temperature, and the resulting synthetic viruses can be injected into pregnant eggs, sometimes in animals, and can be developed grown in human cells when transplantation is impossible in the laboratory, so at the beginning of the emergence of the Covid-19 virus, the researcher published on social sites that the animals that have been mentioned as the cause of the spread of the virus Innocent of this accusation, including bats, pigs, horses, camels, cows, and birds where they were just a factory to prepare the vaccine

Solar energy is the mother energy as it emits all its energies. And this energy can be converted directly or indirectly into thermal energy, electric energy, motive power, and sunlight is electromagnetic rays. Its visible spectrum constitutes 49%, invisible such as ultraviolet rays constitute 2% and infrared rays 49%. And solar energy varies according to its movement and the distance between it and the earth, and solar energy reaches through solar panels. During the year, this is what the research shows.
The sun's rays fall on walls, windows, land, buildings, and water, and absorb the rays and store them in a thermal mass. This stored heat is then radiated inside the buildings. This thermal mass is considered a solar heating system that performs the same function as batteries in a solar electric system (photovoltaic). Both of them store the sun's heat for later use. It is important to know that dark surfaces absorb heat and do not reflect it much Heat is transmitted in three ways, either by conduction through solids, by convection through gases or liquids, or by radiation. Hence, we find the need for heat transfer in general for the type of thermal material that will store, to save energy and its costs. For this there are several principles that designers of solar energy projects follow, including the ability of the selected thermal materials, to collect and store solar energy even in the design of buildings and the selection of building materials according to Its climatic zones whether in hot, usual or cold areas, and the thermal mass that includes ceilings, walls and water tanks. All these considerations are important in absorbing heat during the day and leaking it during the night.

تواجه منشآت الأع
مال ف الوقت الحاضر تَورات وتغيرات دائمة وسريعة
على كافة المستويات؛ ديث أصبحت البيئة الصناعية الحديثة تعتمد على الآلية
واستخدام الكمبيوتر وتَور تكنولوجيا التصني ، وانخفاض العمالة المباشرة،
وانخفاض مستويات المخزون، كما تغيرت البيئة التنافسية بدخول منافسين ج
دد
أقوياء، وظهور قواعد جديدة للمنافسة، وتكنولوجيا جديدة، وتغير أذواُ المستهلكين،
فأصبحت بيئة ذات ضوابط وقواعد جديدة، وعملاء جدد وقيم جديدة.
وكان من نتائج هْا التَور والتغير لجوء الكثير من منشآت الأعمال إلى
تجمي معلومات تكاليفية ملائمة عن نتائج قياس أدائ
ها ليس المال فقط بل الأداء غير
المال ؛ مثل الأداء المتعلق بالجانب التسويق والتنافس ، وقرارات التسعير،
وقرارات إعادة هندسة العمليات الفنية للمنتج، وقرارات مفاضلة الربحية المتعلقة
بالمنتجات
(
) 1
.
أدى إلى ظهور العديد من أساليب وأدوات المحاسبة التكاليفية والإ
دارية الت
تعتبر وبحق بعثًا جديدًا لمعالجة القصور ف ن م المعلومات المحاسبية المتعارف
عليها، وتوفير معلومات تساعد الإدارة على استغلال المصادر الأساسية لتحقيق ميزة
تنافسية، وإدراك عوامل النجاح الهامة، والتعامل معها؛ ديث إن ن م المعلومات
المحاسبية والتكاليف
ية المتعارف عليها بمفردها غير كافية لمواكبة التَورات
والتغيرات الحديثة.
ومن هْة الأساليب والأدوات التكاليفية الحديثة؛ مدخل التكلفة على أساس
النشاط
Activity Based Cost (ABC)
، ديث يهدف هْا المدخل إلى تخصيص
التكاليف غير المباشرة على المنتجات باستخدام الأنشَة
، وبالتال تحديد الأنشَة
الت تضيف قيمة، وتلك الت تضيف قيمة ، والتحديد الدقيق لتكلفة المنتجات، ومن
الأساليب الحديثة أيضًا ن رية القيود الت تعمل على تحديد القيود الت تعترض
العملية الإنتاجية والعمل على دلها، علاوة على ما سبق يوجد مدخل هندسة
العمليات؛ د
يث يعتمد على إعادة هندسة العمليات من ديث التصميم والتصني بما
يجعله أكثر مرونة وملاءمة للتغيرات الحديثة، وكْلك أقل تكلفة
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