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In recent times the question of private sector involvement in public affairs has become framed in altogether new terms. Across Europe, there has been a growth in various forms of public-private cooperation in building and maintaining... more
In recent times the question of private sector involvement in public affairs has become framed in altogether new terms. Across Europe, there has been a growth in various forms of public-private cooperation in building and maintaining (new) penal institutions and an increasing presence of private companies offering security services within penal institutions as well as delivering security goods such as electronic monitoring and other equipment to penal authorities. Such developments are part of a wider trend towards privatising and marketising security. Bringing together key scholars in criminology and penology from across Europe and beyond, this book maps and describes trends of privatising punishment throughout Europe, paying attention both to prisons and community sanctions. In doing so, it initiates a continent-wide dialogue among academics and key public and private actors on the future of privatisation in Europe. Debates on the privatisation of punishment in Europe are still underdeveloped and this book plays a pioneering and agenda-setting role in developing this dialogue
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Employing a qualitative content analysis of online comments made on YouTube and letters to the editor published in US newspapers, we examine the deployment and neutralization of the evil corporation master frame in debates on two distinct... more
Employing a qualitative content analysis of online comments made on YouTube and letters to the editor published in US newspapers, we examine the deployment and neutralization of the evil corporation master frame in debates on two distinct biotechnologies, vaccines and genetically modified organisms. This study builds on previous research by outlining three diagnostic components of the evil corporation master frame: dishonesty, greed, and the contamination of authority. It also finds that supporters of vaccines and genetically modified organisms seek to neutralize the evil corporation master frame through aggressive, defensive, endurance, and redemptive framings. This study provides ideational detail for the ways that controversial biotechnology is constructed. The particularly vexing anti-vaccine movement is not dissimilar from other challenges to mainstream science as disparate movements draw on the same master frame. It also demonstrates how defenses of genetically modified organi...
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Immigration Policy in the Age of Punishment takes a critical, interdisciplinary, and transnational look at current issues surrounding immigration in the U.S. and abroad. It examines key features of this age of punishment, connecting... more
Immigration Policy in the Age of Punishment takes a critical, interdisciplinary, and transnational look at current issues surrounding immigration in the U.S. and abroad. It examines key features of this age of punishment, connecting neoliberal governance, global labor markets, and the national obsession with securing borders to explain critical research and theory on immigration enforcement. Contributors document the continuities between presidential administrations and across countries from many perspectives, with chapters discussing Canada, Australia, France, the UK, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico in addition to the U.S. They offer macro-level analyses of deportations and border enforcement, analyses of national policy and jurisprudence, and ethnographic accounts of the daily life experience of the prison-to-deportation pipeline, the making of deportability, and post-deportation transitions for noncitizens. This book highlights new directions in critical immigration policy and...
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Governments across the world have increasingly relied on the detention of immigrants as a means to control the movement of undocumented migrants and asylum seekers. But detention is fraught with numerous social problems and gross... more
Governments across the world have increasingly relied on the detention of immigrants as a means to control the movement of undocumented migrants and asylum seekers. But detention is fraught with numerous social problems and gross injustices. Not only do states often ignore their international human rights obligations during detention operations and devote massive public finances to detention operations, there are also grievous repercussions on people\u27s well-being, families, and communities. A chorus of immigrant-rights activists, lawyers, and public intellectuals has risen to contest the unjust detention of non-violent people and have demanded that basic human rights of immigrants and their families be respected. Such efforts face bureaucratic inertia, moneyed interests, and entrenched racism. This panel outlines the key issues, challenges, and limited successes in changing immigration detention practices throughout the world
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In recent times the question of private sector involvement in public affairs has become framed in altogether new terms. Across Europe, there has been a growth in various forms of public-private cooperation in building and maintaining... more
In recent times the question of private sector involvement in public affairs has become framed in altogether new terms. Across Europe, there has been a growth in various forms of public-private cooperation in building and maintaining (new) penal institutions and an increasing presence of private companies offering security services within penal institutions as well as delivering security goods such as electronic monitoring and other equipment to penal authorities. Such developments are part of a wider trend towards privatising and marketising security. Bringing together key scholars in criminology and penology from across Europe and beyond, this book maps and describes trends of privatising punishment throughout Europe, paying attention both to prisons and community sanctions. In doing so, it initiates a continent-wide dialogue among academics and key public and private actors on the future of privatisation in Europe. Debates on the privatisation of punishment in Europe are still underdeveloped and this book plays a pioneering and agenda-setting role in developing this dialogue
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Immigration detention is an important global phenomenon increasingly practiced by states across the world in which human rights violations are commonplace. Challenging Immigration Detention introduces readers to various disciplines that... more
Immigration detention is an important global phenomenon increasingly practiced by states across the world in which human rights violations are commonplace. Challenging Immigration Detention introduces readers to various disciplines that have addressed immigration detention in recent years and how these experts have sought to challenge underlying causes and justifications for detention regimes. Contributors provide an overview of the key issues addressed in their disciplines, discuss key points of contention, and seek out linkages and interactions with experts from other fields.
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Research Interests: Sociology, Anthropology, Globalization, Political Science, Global Health, and 10 moreInternational Political Economy, Social Determinants of Health, Capitalism, Neoliberalism, Medicine, Social Class, Social Science & Medicine, Global Capitalism, Conceptual Framework, and Public health systems and services research
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Brazil’s pharmaceutical policies have undergone significant changes in recent decades resulting in improved access, surveillance, and support for national industry. This chapter highlights the numerous challenges in upholding the right to... more
Brazil’s pharmaceutical policies have undergone significant changes in recent decades resulting in improved access, surveillance, and support for national industry. This chapter highlights the numerous challenges in upholding the right to health embedded in the Brazil’s 1988 Constitution and implementing a universal health system. Difficulties include geographic diversity, epidemiological variation, and entrenched social inequalities in a continental-sized country; changing patterns of morbidity and mortality, associated with communicable and noncommunicable diseases that require low-, medium-, and high-complex medical care; and continued dependency on imported pharmaceutical products. The structure of the national health system is also discussed in detail along with the country’s pharmaceutical situation focusing on past and recent regulations and results. An overview of the pharmaceutical market, including local production and manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished dosage forms, is provided. The “Health Industrial Complex” as a political commitment linking health system needs with industrial policies is briefly described. The chapter also highlights regulations, financing and supply systems, as well as efforts to promote the rational use of medicines and data collection systems of adverse drug reactions. Finally, we end the chapter discussing Brazil’s alignment with international trends, such as the United Nation’s 2030 Development Agenda, and the way forward for future programs and efforts. Despite ongoing challenges, medicine policies have played a central role in the Brazilian government’s efforts to improve social conditions and push more than 26 million people out of extreme poverty.
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This up-to-date book examines pharmaceutical development, access to medicines, and the protection of public health in the context of two fundamental changes that the global political economy has undergone since the 1970s, the... more
This up-to-date book examines pharmaceutical development, access to medicines, and the protection of public health in the context of two fundamental changes that the global political economy has undergone since the 1970s, the globalization of trade and production and the increased harmonization of national regulations on intellectual property rights.
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Background: About 47% of children < 5 years of age are stunted in Guatemala. In this study, the investigators aimed to compare growth and cognitive outcomes between children in second grade that attended five Guatemala City Municipal... more
Background: About 47% of children < 5 years of age are stunted in Guatemala. In this study, the investigators aimed to compare growth and cognitive outcomes between children in second grade that attended five Guatemala City Municipal Nurseries (GCMN) vs. same sex, grade, and age-matched children. Methods: A cross-sectional design nested in a retrospective cohort was implemented between 2015 and 2019. Children that attended the GCMN and matched controls completed a math test and validated receptive language and fluid intelligence tests. The primary caregivers completed a sociodemographic survey. General and generalized linear mixed effect models were used to compare children that attended the GCMN vs. controls. The models were adjusted by maternal education, sex, asset score, and other relevant covariates. Results: Children that attended the GCMN exhibited greater math and fluid intelligence scores relative to the controls in the adjusted models (ß = 6.48; 95% CI (2.35–10.61)) and...
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
New information and communication technologies are increasingly present in our daily lives. Change occurred very fast. The sensation is that we live in another world. This new digital reality is where all or almost all economic, social,... more
New information and communication technologies are increasingly present in our daily lives. Change occurred very fast. The sensation is that we live in another world. This new digital reality is where all or almost all economic, social, political, and cultural activities develop. They can be everywhere at the same time in people’s everyday lives. However, digital exclusion and privacy on the Internet are some of the challenges that compromise the initial design of new information and communication technologies as universal, free, and secure by their very nature. In the field of health, the presence of the Internet transcends the technological realm. It is an emerging field characterized by the intersection of different spheres, practices, and knowledge (such as medical informatics), public health, and business. It can be considered a state of mind, a way of thinking, and an attitude that can improve health care. This chapter looks at where Brazil stands in this process, especially i...
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This study describes the spatial-temporal changes of the proportion of ill-defined causes of death in Brazil (1998-2012) and investigates which demographic and socioeconomic factors affect this proportion. We collected information of the... more
This study describes the spatial-temporal changes of the proportion of ill-defined causes of death in Brazil (1998-2012) and investigates which demographic and socioeconomic factors affect this proportion. We collected information of the proportion of ill-defined causes of death by age (15-59 years), sex, period, locality, and socioeconomic data. We used a multilevel Poisson model to investigate which factors affect the risk of ill-defined causes of death. Unlike states located in the South and Midwest, we detected clusters with high proportional levels of these deaths in states in the North and Northeast regions. A greater proportion occurred in 1998-2002 (0.09), in the North and Northeast (0.14 and 0.12, respectively), in older age groups (0.09), and in places with poor socioeconomic conditions. The adjusted analysis showed differences in proportion according to the region, age, period, schooling, social inequality, and income. The results indicate that the lower the age group and...
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The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of the tuberculosis endemic in Rio de Janeiro State from 2002 to 2011. A retrospective study was conducted in the state of Rio de Janeiro from 2002 to 2011. Spatial analysis... more
The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of the tuberculosis endemic in Rio de Janeiro State from 2002 to 2011. A retrospective study was conducted in the state of Rio de Janeiro from 2002 to 2011. Spatial analysis techniques were used to describe the distribution of tuberculosis incidence in the state. Multilevel Poisson regression model was used to access the relationship of tuberculosis and the following factors: "sex", "age-group" and "diagnostic year" (individual-level factors). Demographic density and municipality were also included in the model as contextual-level factors. A reduction in endemic tuberculosis was observed over the years. The highest incidence rates were concentrated on the south coast of the state, covering Rio de Janeiro City (capital) and neighboring cities. We detected a significant clustering of high TB incidence rates on the south coast of the state and a cluster of low incidence in the northeastern regio...
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In recent decades, the rise violent phenomena in Brazil has reached epidemic proportions. However, the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) across different states in the country is not well established. The objective of this study was to... more
In recent decades, the rise violent phenomena in Brazil has reached epidemic proportions. However, the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) across different states in the country is not well established. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of DV across Brazilian states from 2009 to 2014. An ecological study based on spatial analysis techniques was performed using Brazilian states as geographical units of analysis. A multilevel Poisson model was used to explain the risk of DV in Brazil according to age, sex, period (fixed effects), the Human Developing Index, and the victim’s residence state (random effects). The overall average rate of DV almost tripled from 2009-2010 to 2013-2014. The rate of DV in Brazil in the 2013-2014 period was 3.52 times greater than the 2009-2010 period. The risk of DV in men was 74% lower than in women. The increase of DV against women during period under study occurred mainly in the Southeast, South, and Midwest. DV was more freque...
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The Affordable Care Act presents financial challenges and opportunities for publicly funded service providers. We assessed billing practices and anticipated barriers to third-party billing among organizations in Texas that provide... more
The Affordable Care Act presents financial challenges and opportunities for publicly funded service providers. We assessed billing practices and anticipated barriers to third-party billing among organizations in Texas that provide publicly funded HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis services. One third to one half of the organizations did not bill for medical services. The most common barrier to third-party billing was lack of staff knowledge about billing and coding. Future research must evaluate options for organizations and communities to maintain access to infectious disease services for vulnerable populations.
Research Interests: Business, Political Science, Public Health, Medicine, HIV, and 15 moreHumans, Public Health Administration, Hepatitis, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Texas, Reimbursement, Hiv Aids, Medical Assistance, Pilot Projects, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Sexually Transmitted Disease, Community Health Centers, Clinical Coding, Insurance Coverage, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Research Interests:
Employing a qualitative content analysis of online comments made on YouTube and letters to the editor published in US newspapers, we examine the deployment and neutralization of the evil corporation master frame in debates on two distinct... more
Employing a qualitative content analysis of online comments made on YouTube and letters to the editor published in US newspapers, we examine the deployment and neutralization of the evil corporation master frame in debates on two distinct biotechnologies, vaccines and genetically modified organisms. This study builds on previous research by outlining three diagnostic components of the evil corporation master frame: dishonesty, greed, and the contamination of authority. It also finds that supporters of vaccines and genetically modified organisms seek to neutralize the evil corporation master frame through aggressive, defensive, endurance, and redemptive framings. This study provides ideational detail for the ways that controversial biotechnology is constructed. The particularly vexing anti-vaccine movement is not dissimilar from other challenges to mainstream science as disparate movements draw on the same master frame. It also demonstrates how defenses of genetically modified organisms and vaccines tend to reify the anticorporate stigma that sustains challenges to scientific authority.
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Recent scholarship has sought to distinguish between the deeper societal factors that shape the more proximate social determinants of health. One of these socio-structural institutions is global capitalism. While critical scholarship has... more
Recent scholarship has sought to distinguish between the deeper societal factors that shape the more proximate social determinants of health. One of these socio-structural institutions is global capitalism. While critical scholarship has advanced our understanding of the relationships between capitalist globalization and health, more work is needed to understand the transnational economic, political, and cultural practices that affect various global health issues. This paper argues that the theory of global capitalism provides an important, critical perspective for understanding different phenomena associated with global health. The theory's key concepts of transnational corporations, financialization, consumerism, transnational social classes, and transnational state comprise the conceptual framework. When applied to various global health topics, the theory advances our understanding of the health-related institutional structures of today's global economy, provides a holistic view that integrates various strands of health research, highlights various forms of health activism, and offers new questions for addressing persistent health injustice across the world.
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Although the United States has long been criticized for its treatment of migrants, the family separations that resulted from the Trump administration’s “Zero Tolerance” policy drew particularly intense approbation and much media coverage... more
Although the United States has long been criticized for its treatment of migrants, the family separations that resulted from the Trump administration’s “Zero Tolerance” policy drew particularly intense approbation and much media coverage in June 2018. One way to understand the conflict over this policy is to view it as a stigma contest where the status of a number of identities (migrant, immigration advocate, captor, policy apologist) are subject to a liminal stigma. Recent scholarship has documented how internet commenters disparage certain identities as they defend others. Through a qualitative content analysis of 172 opinion articles published in U.S. newspapers between 2009 and 2020, this article examines the ways that ideational stigmatization of immigrant detainees, captors, and nativists has and has not varied by time and arena of the public sphere. We find that many of the condemnations and denials found online are also prominent in editorials and op-eds. (e.g., detention as...