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This Research to Practice Full Paper outlines the use of an ABET-based engineering self-efficacy scale (ESE-ABET) to successfully measure changes in engineering self-efficacy pre-to-post over a course term. This scale can be used to... more
This Research to Practice Full Paper outlines the use of an ABET-based engineering self-efficacy scale (ESE-ABET) to successfully measure changes in engineering self-efficacy pre-to-post over a course term. This scale can be used to measure learning progress toward the “instructor’s intent” for learning in a class, which will likely be unique to each engineering classroom experience. This scale also shows the differing changes in engineering self-efficacy for groups of students generally underrepresented in engineering education – women, ethnic minorities and first-generation college students. A discussion of the value of having a valid and reliable ABET-based self-efficacy measure is included.
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In the context of the Mechanical Engineering (ME) 203 Design and Manufacturing course at Stanford University, a mixed method research design called embedded design using qualitative and quantitative data was performed to explore (i) how... more
In the context of the Mechanical Engineering (ME) 203 Design and Manufacturing course at Stanford University, a mixed method research design called embedded design using qualitative and quantitative data was performed to explore (i) how (physical) prototyping and prototypes were used students referred to as novice designers in the ME 203 design process, (ii) the effect of prototyping on novice designers thinking processes and (iii) what affects prototyping results of novice designers? The aim of this research is not to seek testing hypotheses, but rather to develop interpretive understanding and gaining meaning from (student) experiences, thinking and learning process while prototyping. The research explores what is thinking look like going through a discovery process (gaining information and new knowledge) and forming decisions (as related to the thinking cycle) while prototyping: build to think.
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The purpose of this research is to learn how less-skilled workers (LSWs) and highly-skilled workers (HSWs) coordinate in Nigerian factories, where the formal education gap between these two groups can be quite significant. The study takes... more
The purpose of this research is to learn how less-skilled workers (LSWs) and highly-skilled workers (HSWs) coordinate in Nigerian factories, where the formal education gap between these two groups can be quite significant. The study takes place in two factories and two universities across four Nigerian states over the summer of 2018. Drawing on methods of ethnography (i.e. a collection of qualitative methods to closely observe social interactions and practices as to interpret and build theory), it was discovered that resource scarcity hinders team coordination through the occurrence of four obstacles: (1) unclear role boundaries and work processes, (2) poor attitude towards work, (3) under- and overutilization of employees, and (4) worker demoralization and feelings of being undervalued. This paper builds upon previous work on factory coordination in cross-occupational functional groups in Silicon Valley. Theoretically, this paper reveals how the studied manufacturing firms in Niger...
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This paper looks at the culture of an academic research lab. Our aim is to internally reflect on how the connections between ideasand individuals can be noticed and labeled in order to create a shared cultural frame. We use a case-study... more
This paper looks at the culture of an academic research lab. Our aim is to internally reflect on how the connections between ideasand individuals can be noticed and labeled in order to create a shared cultural frame. We use a case-study approach with asensemaking lens using the Markus-Conner Culture Cycle as an underlying model. Following a sensemaking process, a series ofindividual and small team reflection exercises served as our data source. Graphical and narrative exercises illustrated several of theconnections within the Culture Cycle. Analysis of these exercises made visible the individual interests and values in research,articulated a shared institutional mission with parallel individual narratives, and connected key ideas that the lab brings together asa shared frame for a lab research agenda with collective elaboration. While the particulars of this case study are specific toStanford University’s Designing Education Lab, we invite and challenge any academic lab to increase ...
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This innovative practice work in progress paper responds to the question, how might we prepare design students to transfer their practice from academic contexts to applied contexts? This mixed methods study describes a new reflective... more
This innovative practice work in progress paper responds to the question, how might we prepare design students to transfer their practice from academic contexts to applied contexts? This mixed methods study describes a new reflective assessment called Reflective Design Practice. This assessment prompts student to deliberately reflect on concrete artifacts created during the course. Twenty university students enrolled in design-based and project-based courses used Reflective Design Practice to more deeply understand both their design practice and the way environment impacts design. This assessment differs from existing assessments in that it can be applied to virtually any student work created during a course. Furthermore, it grounds abstract metacognition in tangible output.
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The overall objective of this research is to develop a general model of fatigue crack propagation in resistance spot-welded joints. An important feature of this development is that the model and accompanying methodology should be... more
The overall objective of this research is to develop a general model of fatigue crack propagation in resistance spot-welded joints. An important feature of this development is that the model and accompanying methodology should be accessible to designers evaluating fatigue response of structures containing multiple welds. This objective is achieved by examining the stress state around a resistance spot weld. A general expression for the structural stress around the weld is formulated that is dependent only on the loading immediately surrounding the weld; as such, it is specimen independent. In previous work [1] it was found that structural stress could be successfully used to estimate life for crack initiation and growth to a length of 0.01 in. (0.254 mm) in resistance spot welds, and that this period represents less than 30% of the total life in as-welded joints. It is important to note that estimation of this period is highly dependent on fatigue-related material properties. In Ref 2 it was shown that structural stress can be related to crack propagation life through linear elastic fracture mechanics. Using the resulting relationship between structural stress and life, life estimations were made for a variety of HSLA steel specimens (e.g., tensile-shear, coach peel) in a number of conditions (e.g., as-welded, prestressed) and were compared with experimentally measured lives. Life estimations were within a factor of 3 of measured lives. In the current work, the methodology developed in Ref 2 for estimating propagation life is extended by explicitly considering the effects of axial loading and of load ratio on life estimates. In addition, issues related to creating an appropriate finite element model are addressed, and a number of modeling guidelines are established. Total life estimations are made and compare favorably with experimentally measured lives of welds in mild steels in a variety of specimen configurations.
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Academic Pathways Study. Before coming to Stanford University, she held several positions in
In this paper we develop a description of engineering practice. This description is based on published research on engineering work and on interview data from the engineering faculty. It was undertaken as part of a larger study that is... more
In this paper we develop a description of engineering practice. This description is based on published research on engineering work and on interview data from the engineering faculty. It was undertaken as part of a larger study that is underway at the Carnegie Foundation for ...
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The mechanism of spalling failure in rolling contact is modeled by an elastic half-plane with a subsurface crack parallel to the surface, loaded by a compressive normal force which moves over the surface. Coulomb friction at the crack... more
The mechanism of spalling failure in rolling contact is modeled by an elastic half-plane with a subsurface crack parallel to the surface, loaded by a compressive normal force which moves over the surface. Coulomb friction at the crack faces reduces the Mode II Stress Intensity Factors and results in a number of history-dependent slip-stick configurations. The formulation used to study these involves a singular integral equation in two variables which must be solved numerically, and because of the history dependence, requires in an incremental solution. Only crack lengths and coefficients of friction that result in a maximum of two slip or stick zones for any load location are considered in this paper. It is found that the maximum range of stress intensity factors occurs at the trailing crack tip.
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The Mode I and II stress intensity factors (KI, KII) at the two tips of a subsurface crack subjected to a moving compressive load are studied. Coulomb friction along the crack faces results in a number of history dependent slip-stick... more
The Mode I and II stress intensity factors (KI, KII) at the two tips of a subsurface crack subjected to a moving compressive load are studied. Coulomb friction along the crack faces results in a number of history dependent slip-stick configurations and nonsymmetric variation in KI and KII. The formulation used to study this variation involves a singular integral equation in two variables which must be solved numerically, and because of the history dependence, requires an incremental solution. Crack lengths and coefficients of friction that result in as many as three zones for any load location are considered in this paper, while a previous paper (Sheppard et al., in press) was limited to configurations involving two zones only.
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Abstract The path domain independent integral, S, characterizes fracture within a thermoinelastic material response region. A limited experimental program and associated computational investigation verify that S characterizes fracture for... more
Abstract The path domain independent integral, S, characterizes fracture within a thermoinelastic material response region. A limited experimental program and associated computational investigation verify that S characterizes fracture for uncoupled thermoplasticity. Thermomechanical fracture resistance experiments on 2024 aluminum demonstrate that S equals the crack driving force. The fracture resistance experiments consider two specimen geometries and two specimen thicknesses. The experiments demonstrate that a 1.4°C/mm thermal gradient across the specimen width significantly reduces the applied tension necessary to initiate crack extension. Finite element computations model eight selected fracture toughness experiments showing that the S integral characterizes fracture under thermomechanical loading. The S integrals computed from the finite element analyses match those estimated from the experimental force displacement trace for the isothermal cases, thereby verifying the S calculation. Furthermore, the S integrals calculated for the thermomechanical loading cases agree with the values from the isothermal cases suggesting that S characterizes incipient fracture.
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... The equation which was derived is valid for small ratios of crack depth to shaft radius. Lorentzen et al. ... Int. J. Fracture 9, 133-146 (1973). [6] FW Smith, AF Emery and AS Kobayashi, Stress intensity factors for semi-circular... more
... The equation which was derived is valid for small ratios of crack depth to shaft radius. Lorentzen et al. ... Int. J. Fracture 9, 133-146 (1973). [6] FW Smith, AF Emery and AS Kobayashi, Stress intensity factors for semi-circular cracks, part 2 semi-infinite solid. J. appl. Mech. ...
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Preliminary findings from the Professional Engineering Pathways Study, a study of career placement processes of undergraduate engineering majors at six diverse US institutions will be presented, and small group discussions guiding the... more
Preliminary findings from the Professional Engineering Pathways Study, a study of career placement processes of undergraduate engineering majors at six diverse US institutions will be presented, and small group discussions guiding the application of the findings to the institutions represented by the audience will be led.
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Research Interests: Psychology and Internship
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Research Interests: Engineering and Delta
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Criticisms leveled at US engineering schools include: they offer too few "practical" and "hands-on" courses, students are not sufficiently schooled in teamwork and team approaches to problem solving, there is too much... more
Criticisms leveled at US engineering schools include: they offer too few "practical" and "hands-on" courses, students are not sufficiently schooled in teamwork and team approaches to problem solving, there is too much "compartmentalization" of engineering disciplines, and there is insufficient drilling in both written and oral communication. Other criticisms have to do with retention; too many students become discouraged in the first few terms of an engineering curriculum and because of inadequate exposure to engineering and engineering design, many switch out of engineering. This paper looks at how engineering programs are responding to these criticisms with new and revised course offerings at the freshman level that address key issues in engineering design. These offerings give students exposure to the creative nature of engineering through design projects, hands-on laboratories and open-ended problem solving. We begin by defining engineering design, ...
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This paper discusses a protocol and rationale for peer and stu-dent involvement in the assessment of courses in Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University. The protocol is based upon elements of good teaching practice, and on standards... more
This paper discusses a protocol and rationale for peer and stu-dent involvement in the assessment of courses in Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University. The protocol is based upon elements of good teaching practice, and on standards for peer review as used in journal ...